You Got Async in my PHP!

You Got Async
in my PHP!
PRESENTED BY:
Chris Tankersley
Senior PHP Developer Advocate
@dragonmantank

Procedural
Programming
4
Do this, then this, then this
$t = new Twitter(new HttpClient());
$tweets = $t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new Template('tweets.php');
echo $template->render([
‘tweets’ => $tweets,
]);

Procedural Programming
• Single Threaded
• Very susceptible to blocking
operations
• Easy to write
5
Make
Twitter
Object
Make
HTTP
Object
Get
Tweets
Read
Template
Render
Template

6
$tweets =
$t->getTweets('dragonmantank');
$template = new
Template('tweets.php');
]);
script.php Call Stack

7
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()

8
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new HttpClient()

9
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new HttpClient()
require_once 'src/HttpClient.php'

10
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new HttpClient()

11
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();

12
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();
require_once 'src/Twitter.php'

13
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();
getenv('TWITTER_KEY')

14
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();

15
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();
getenv('TWITTER_SECRET')

16
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();

17
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
new Twitter();

18
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()

19
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
$t->getTweets()

20
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
$t->getTweets()
$httpClient->get($url)

21
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()
$t->getTweets()

22
$tweets =
$template = new
]);
main()

23
Wait, how does
PHP avoid
blocking?

24
Wait, how does
PHP avoid
blocking?
Web Servers, like Apache,
are multi-threaded
PHP-FPM spins up
multiple threads for use

Parallel
Computing
Do this, this, and this at the same
time
$reports = [
new DailyBalance(),
new EndOfDay(),
new ProfitLossUpdate(),
];
foreach ($reports as $r) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid === 0) {
$r->run();
exit();
}
}
25

Parallel Programming
• Multiple Threads
• Lets the OS/CPU handle scheduling
• Can be tricky to write
26
Make
Report
Objects
Run Daily
Balance
Report Run End of
Day Report
Run
Profit-Loss
Report
End

28
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)

29
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()

30
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()
Daily Balance Thread
main()

31
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
if ($pid > 0)

32
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
pcntl_fork()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

33
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

34
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()pcntl_fork()
End Of Day Thread
main()

35
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
if ($pid > 0)

36
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

37
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

38
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)

39
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()

40
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
pcntl_fork()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
if ($pid > 0)

41
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
End Of Day Thread
main()
pcntl_fork()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

42
Main Thread
main()
foreach($report)
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

43
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()

44
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
pcntl_wait()

45
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
pcntl_wait()

46
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
if ($pid > 0)pcntl_wait()

47
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
main()
pcntl_wait()

48
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
Proﬁt/Loss Thread
pcntl_wait()

49
Main Thread
main()
main()
if ($pid > 0)
$r->run()
pcntl_wait()

Async
Programming
Try and do this, this, and this, as
simultaneously as possible
$loop = EventLoop::create();
$loop->addEvent(function () {
echo "Function 1" . PHP_EOL;
return rand(1,10);
}, function($num) {
echo "Square: " . ($num * $num) .
PHP_EOL;
});
$loop->addEvent(function () {
echo "Function 2". PHP_EOL;
}, function() {
});
$loop->run();
50

Async Programming
• Single Threaded
• Uses an event loop
• Allows quick executions
between larger blocking
operations
51
Event loop ends
Queue
Empty?
Execute
job
Has
callback?
Add to
queue
Start Event
Loop
Yes
Yes No
No

52
$loop->addEvent($event1, $callback1);
$loop->run();
eventloop.php Call Stack
main()

53
$loop->run();
main()

54
$loop->run();
main()
EventLoop::create()

55
$loop->run();
main()
EventLoop::create()
new EventLoop()

56
$loop->run();
main()
EventLoop::create()
new EventLoop()
$this->eventQueue = new SplQueue();
Event
Queue

57
$loop->run();
main()
EventLoop::create()
new EventLoop()
Event
Queue

58
$loop->run();
main()
EventLoop::create()
Event
Queue

59
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue

60
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue

61
$loop->run();
main()
addEvent($event1, $callback1)
Event
Queue

62
$loop->run();
main()
$this->eventQueue->enqueue([
$event1, $callback1
]);
Event
Queue
$event1

63
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1

64
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1

65
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1

66
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1

67
$loop->run();
main()
$this->eventQueue->enqueue([
$event2, $callback2
]);
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

68
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

69
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

70
$loop->run();
main()
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

71
Call Stack
main()
run()
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
Event
Queue
$event1 $event2

72
Call Stack
main()
run()
foreach ($this->eventQueue as $event)
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
return rand(1,10);
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$event2

73
Call Stack
main()
run()
$return = $event[0]()
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
return rand(1,10);
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$event2

74
Call Stack
main()
run()
$loop->run();
eventloop.php
5
$return
Event
Queue
$event2

75
$loop->run();
main()
run()
if (!is_null($event[1]))
5
$return
Event
Queue
$event2

76
$loop->run();
main()
run()
5
$return
$this->addEvent($wrappedCallback)
Event
Queue
$event2 $callback1

77
$loop->run();
main()
run()
5
$return
Event
Queue
$event2 $callback1

78
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1

79
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1

80
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
echo

81
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1

82
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1

83
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1
return void

84
$loop->run();
main()
run()
$event[0]
Event
Queue
$callback1

85
$loop->run();
main()
run()
void
$return
Event
Queue
$callback1

86
$loop->run();
main()
run()
void
$return
$this->addEvent($wrappedCallback)
Event
Queue
$callback1 $callback2

87
$loop->run();
main()
run()
void
$return
Event
Queue

88
$loop->run();
main()
run()
void
$return
Event
Queue

89
Most Async is
just Event Loop
Programming
It is a different way to structure
your program

90
Most Async is
just Event Loop
Programming
It is a different way to structure
your program
Async is not:
• Concurrent
• Non-Blocking
• Multi-threaded
• Magic

Async can help better structure
your logic
91

Async makes you think about
end results, not order of
operations
92

Event Loops
Adding In The Special Sauce
94

Async Programming
95
Event loop ends
Queue
Empty?
Execute
job
Has
callback?
Add to
queue
Start Event
Loop
Yes
Yes No
No

Async Programming
96
Event loop ends
Queue
Empty?
Execute
job
Has
callback?
Add to
queue
Start Event
Loop
Yes
Yes No
No
Event Loops

98
$loop = Factory::create();
$server = new Server(function (ServerRequestInterface $request) {
return new Response(
200,
array(
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
$socket = new ReactSocketServer(
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
$server->listen($socket);
echo 'Listening on ' . str_replace('tcp:', 'http:', $socket->getAddress()) .
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

99
200,
array(
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

100
200,
array(
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

101
200,
array(
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

102
200,
array(
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

103
200,
array(
),
"Hello worldn"
);
});
isset($argv[1]) ? $argv[1] : '0.0.0.0:0',
$loop
);
PHP_EOL;
$loop->run();

105
$socket = new Socket();
$ws = new WsServer($socket);
$ws->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(false);
$server = new App('localhost', '8080', '0.0.0.0');
$server->routes->add(
'events',
new Route('/events', array('_controller' => new EventsController()))
);
'onAnswer',
new Route('/onAnswer', array('_controller' => new AnswerController()))
);
'socket',
new Route('/socket', array('_controller' => $ws))
);
$server->run();

106
'events',
);
'onAnswer',
);
'socket',
);
$server->run();

107
'events',
);
'onAnswer',
);
'socket',
);
$server->run();

108
'events',
);
'onAnswer',
);
'socket',
);
$server->run();

109
public function onMessage(RatchetConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
{
$event = json_decode($msg, true);
if($event) {
switch($event['event']) {
case 'websocket:dtmf':
try {
$uuid = $this->calls[$from->resourceId];
$talk = $this->nexmo->calls()->get(
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->setText('You pressed ' . $event['digit']);
$talk->put();
break;
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
break;
}
} else {
file_put_contents('./sample.wav', $msg, FILE_APPEND | FILE_BINARY);
}
}

110
{
if($event) {
try {
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->put();
break;
}
break;
}
} else {
}
}

111
{
if($event) {
try {
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->put();
break;
}
break;
}
} else {
}
}

112
{
if($event) {
try {
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->put();
break;
}
break;
}
} else {
}
}

113
{
if($event) {
try {
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->put();
break;
}
break;
}
} else {
}
}

114
{
if($event) {
try {
new Call($uuid)
)
->talk();
$talk->put();
break;
}
break;
}
} else {
}
}

Promises
Pretty wrappers for callbacks
115

Callback Hell
116
Russian Nesting Doll of Sadness

Callbacks Being Passed To More Callbacks
$activeFloridaUsers = array_filter(
array_filter(
array_filter($users, function($user) {
return $user->accountActive();
}, function($user) {
return $user->getBalance() > 0;
}), function($user) {
return $user->getState() === "FL";
}
));
117

array_filter(
}
));
118

array_filter(
}
));
119

array_filter(
}
));
120

array_filter(
}
));
121

array_filter(
}
));
122

What do Promises provide?
123
• Built off of Promises/A+
• A cleaner interface for callbacks
• A more structured workﬂow for one logic block to the next
• A way to handle errors in a clean manner

A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
use GuzzleHttpPromisePromise;
$fulfilled = function ($value) {
echo 'The promise was fulfilled.';
};
$rejected = function ($reason) {
echo 'The promise was rejected.';
};
$promise = new Promise();
$promise->then($fulfilled, $rejected);
$promise->resolve();
124

A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
};
};
125

A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
};
};
126

A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
};
};
127

A Cleaner
Callback
Interface
};
};
$promise->then($fulfilled2, $rejected2);
128

$promise->then(function ($users) {
return array_filter($users, function($user) {
});
});
$promise->then(function ($activeUsers) {
return array_filter($activeUsers, function($user) {
});
});
$promise->then(function ($usersWithBalance) {
return array_filter($usersWithBalance, function($user) {
return $user->getState() === 'FL';
});
});
129

});
});
});
});
});
});
130

});
});
});
});
});
});
131

});
});
});
});
});
});
132

});
});
});
});
});
});
133

$promise->resolve($users);
$activeFLUsers = $promise->wait();
134
Getting the Values

$promise->resolve($users);
$activeFLUsers = $promise->wait();
135
Getting the Values

Worker/Queues
137
Horizontally scale work

VONAGE CONFIDENTIAL
Generators and Coroutines
yielding Control Back to the Event Loop
138

Swoole
Like PHP-FPM but has coroutines
139

140
Chris Tankersley
Senior PHP Developer Advocate
at Nexmo
@dragonmantank
chris@ctankersley.com

You Got Async in my PHP!

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