Young lives infographic_full
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The document discusses the disparities in education, health, and gender aspects affecting children in various countries, particularly focusing on the effects of poverty and rural living conditions. Key findings include high rates of stunted growth and under-nutrition among poor children, and the lower enrollment and educational attainment for young women, especially in India. Overall, while some Millennium Development Goals have been partially met, significant inequalities persist based on socioeconomic and geographic factors.
Young lives infographic_full
- 1. = 1in3more than 1 in 3 young women in India are married. 1in4almost 1 in 4 girls in Peru have had a baby. Age 3 to 5 boys and girls have an almost equal chance of accessing pre-school education. By age 12 By age 15 boys are more likely to drop out in Peru, Vietnam and Ethiopia. but girls’ education and ambition is lower in India. By age 19 girls’ enrolment has declined. www.younglives.org.uk Young Lives children suffers stunted growth at age 12. to halve the proportion of the population suffering from hunger was almost achieved. for universal primary education was almost met. Net enrolment is with almost all children enrolled in school at age 8. to eliminate the gender disparity in education; of developing countries have achieved gender balance in primary schools to halve the proportion of the population with no access to improved drinking water. achieved in 2010: early 1in3 people gained access to improved sanitation between 1990 and 2010. But the poorest, and those in rural areas, are the least likely to see increased provision. 2.1bn of the poorest children suffer stunted growth. In general, children from poor, rural, and ethnic minority backgrounds are still at significantly higher risk of stunted growth. 2in5 Stunted growth and under-nutrition Poor nutrition in infancy and childhood can affect someone’s whole life. It can lead to stunted growth, which is linked to poor cognitive development and lower well-being later in life. Water & sanitation Without access to clean water and sanitation, children are vulnerable to disease. This can affect their diet and nutrition, their participation in school and wellbeing in adult life. Education & learning MDG2 aimed for universal primary education, as a vital tool to improve children’s life-chances and aspirations. Ethiopia Ethiopia Vietnam Peru India Vietnam Rates of stunted growth in 12-year-olds have not improved. Rates of stunted growth in 12–year–olds have decreased. Children in the poorest families, families with low education, and those in rural areas are still at highest risk. of 12-year-olds were classed as thin or underweight in 2013 – more than in 2006. 2006 Ethnic minority 2013 2000 2015 2002 2013 2006 2013 ≈ ≈ 30% 23% 13% 40% have access to piped water, but access is highly unequal. 79% of households have access to improved sanitation. 93% of these had not completed secondary school. Young people from poor backgrounds or from scheduled tribes or castes, and young women, are far less likely to be in education or training at age 19. of 19-year-olds still enrolled but;49% in class is a persistent problem. It correlates strongly with maternal education, poverty, and urban/rural divides. Over-age children 29% > > < < >> > 42% 21% Urban Rural 52%* 70% 52%* 1/3 Majority group 14% 12-year-olds in the poorest third of society. But there was a 5% improvement in the overall rate. 2006 40% 2013 40% The poorest children, and those from ethnic minorities, still suffer the worst rates of stunted growth. Rates of stunted growth in 12-year-olds fell by a third 2006 2013 53% 45% Overall access to safe drinking water has declined as infrastructure ages. Fewer 12-year-olds in 2013 could answer this question correctly than could the 12-year-olds of 2006. Standards are falling: Ethiopia Ethiopia India Vietnam India Peru Vietnam 1.2 x 4 = ? Rural areas lag behind urban areas in access to clean water and sanitation. Peru India Access to clean water is almost universal. But access to improved sanitation is still worse for children in rural areas and marginalised groups. But access to basic sanitation is improving quickest in rural areas. Urban Rural 93% 21% Urban Rural 97% 70% > 2006 2013 83% 71% < Scheduled castes Other castes 41% 65% < Public school, urban Girls Boys Public school, rural 26% 46% correlates with the greatest educational gaps for 19-year-olds. Percentage of 19-year-olds still in education, by parent’s level of education: Young people from ethnic minorities, those from rural areas, and boys are also more likely to leave education. Parental education > >9 years education No education 74% 16% 2002 2013 53% 45%84% 99% Almost all 8-year-olds in Young Lives countries are enrolled in school. But the quality of education hasn’t improved, and learning levels have actually declined in Ethiopia and India. And late entry into education and slow progress through school are common problems in all 4 countries. 1in 5 59%of 19-year-olds still enrolled but; had not passed Grade 8. 1in 8 young women were married by age 19, compared with fewer than Young women who have had a child by the age of 19. young men. This rises to 1 in 5 young women in poor or rural areas. 1in 5 1in100 1in 5 1in 3had not passed Grade 10. 1in3 16.6 young women are married by age 19. More young women are married than young men. Married at 19 years But these improvements are not being felt equally, and there are huge disparities among and within countries. Some groups are much less likely to see the benefits of these improvements: The UN’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) achieved headline-grabbing successes in these areas: We are following 12,000 children from 4 countries for 15 years 2/3 Ethiopia Peru India Vietnam Ethnic minority 55% Majority groups 10% 36% 2% Poorest third 34% Wealthiest third 8% Peru > 21% 7% Urban Rural Location Top tercile Bottom tercile 14% 21% 12% 25% Young women were 3 times more likely than young men to be married or living with a partner at age 19. Average age when married 18years Legal age for marriage Wealth index Gender & adolescence Without equal access to education, boys and girls can’t enjoy the same life chances. CHILDREN FROM THE POOREST BACKGROUNDS1 MDG 1: MDG 3: MDG 2: MDG 7: 5 years 91% 2 3 4 CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS CHILDREN FROM MARGINALISED ETHNIC GROUPS GIRLS ARE SOMETIMES, THOUGH NOT ALWAYS, DISADVANTAGED We looked at 4 areas of children’s lives: Sanitation & clean water Education & learningStunted growth & under-nutrition Gender & adolescence Young Lives is a long-term study of children across the world, led by researchers at the University of Oxford. By studying different aspects of children’s lives, we produce evidence that improves policies and programmes for young people everywhere. Millennium Children, Millennium Goals *pro-poor sample *2013 data