Zoological fauna of Khurum Dam and Muhabbat Khel Dams of Karak

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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(1): 380-387
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(1): 380-387
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 26-11-2016
Accepted: 27-12-2016
Saqib Younas
Department of Zoology, Govt
Post Graduate College, Karak,
KPK, Pakistan
Shafiullah Gul
KPK, Pakistan
Hameed Ur Rehman
Department of Chemistry, Kohat
University of Science and
Technology-26000, KPK,
Pakistan
Faisal Junaid
KPK, Pakistan
Wali Muhammad Achakzai
Department of Zoology,
University Baluchistan, Quetta.
Shagufta Saddozai
Zoology Department SBK
Women's University Quetta
Khalid Usman
Department of Zoology, Hazara
University, Mansehra
Zawar Ahmad
Department of Animal
Genomics& Biotechnology,
PARC institute of Advance
Studies in Agriculture NARC
Islamabad, Pakistan
Correspondence
Hameed Ur Rehman
Department of Chemistry, Kohat
University of Science and
Technology, 26000-KPK,
Pakistan
Zoological fauna of Khurum Dam and Muhabbat
Khel Dam of district Karak, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Saqib Younas, Shafiullah Gul, Hameed Ur Rehman,Faisal Junaid, Wali
Muhammad Achakzai, Shagufta Saddozai, Khalid Usman and Zawar
Ahmad
Abstract
The present research was conducted to explore the vertebrate and invertebrate fauna in Khurum dam and
Muhabbat Khel dam of district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during the period from
April 2016 to December 2016. The Khurum dam and Muhabbat Khel dam having all the vertebrates
including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Fishes of both dams include Cyprinus carpio,
Crossocheilus diplochielus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Salmophasia bacaila, Aspidoparia morar Ompok
pabda Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The family Cyprinidae is
dominant in both dams. The Amphibians of both dams include Rana tigrina, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis,
Duttaphrynus melanostictus and Rana tigrina. The Reptiles of Khurum dam are Chamaeleo zeylanicus,
Saara hardwickii, Xantusia vigilis Lampropeltis getula and in Muhabbat Khel dam Xantusia vigilis
Lampropeltis getula are present. In Khurum dam nine species of birds are present, which is following
Passer domesticus, Acridotheris tristis, Anas crecca, Perdix Perdix, P. cristatus, Numida meleagris,
Grus grus, Pycnonotus barbatus, Upupa epops. While in Muhabbat khel dam Passer domesticus,
Acridotheris tristis, Anas crecca, Buteo jamaicensis, Cairina moschata, Dicrurus adsimilis. The family
Bovidae of mammals is more abundant in both dams. The invertebrates found in Khurum dam are
Sympetrum flaveolum, Pandinus imperator, Pterostichus melanarius, Anex junius, Solenopsis invicta,
Hirudo medicinalis and Sceliphron caementarium Vespa velutina, Hirudo medicinalis, Pandinus
imperator are present in Muhabbat Khel dam. So from the present study, it may be concluded that
Khurum and Muhabbat Khel dams are very suitable for the growth of both vertebrates and invertebrates.
Hence our present study will provide useful information about the diversity of vertebrates and
invertebrates of the both dams that could be later valuable in systematic and conservation.
Keywords: Khuram dam, mammals, metatherian, Saara hardwickii
1. Introduction
Khuram dam located northern area of the Karak district. The dam was constructed by the
K.P.K Government of Pakistan in 2010. It is located at a distance of 35 kilometers from
district through Naripanos road at a distance of 47 kilometers through Bahadar Khel road. The
length of the dam is about 600 meters and width 30 to 35 meters. The depth of the dam varies
from 40 to 50 feet. Muhabat Khel dam; this dam is located near the series of karat hills just
adjacent to the wildlife sanctuary/cage and located some 08−10km from Khaisari dam. The
dam was constructed by water for livelihood project halloyetas several inter corporation
Pakistan (tech corporation by soil conservation department Karak on July 10, 2009.Here we
will describe the vertebrates and invertebrate faunas of both dams. Vertebrates including
Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals.
Biodiversity is the quantity, variety and distribution across biological scales ranging through
genetics and life forms of populations, species, communities and ecosystems [1]
. About half of
the total number of vertebrates are fishes in the world. They live in almost all aquatic habitats.
Out of 21, 723 living species of fishes recorded so for 8,411 are freshwater species and 11,650
are marine water species [2]
. Fishes show huge diversity in their morphology, in the habitats
they occupy and in their life history. Unlike the other frequently documented vertebrates,
fishes are a diverse group [3]
. Among the aquatic fauna, fishes are one of the most important
fundamentals and play a key role in the wealth of many nations as they have been a found as a
constant item in the diet of many nations [4]
. Due to dietary contents proteins, fats, vitamin A,

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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
D, phosphorous and other compound/element presence in
ichthyofaunna has been used as a diet of human since
immemorially. It also enhances the economical level of
commercials [5]
. In Pakistan different studies were carried out
to know about the fish biodiversity in different areas [6]
. In
Pakistan freshwater fish fauna has a minimum number of 193
fish species, belonging to class Actinopterygii, sub-class
Teleostei, 3 cohorts, 6 superorders, 13 orders, 30 families and
86 genera are reported [7-8]
. Amphibians are cold blooded
vertebrates and aquatic environments is must in a part of their
life cycle. Except the caecilians, amphibians have paired
limbs and naked skin. The caecilians have scales that are
hidden under the skin. Frogs are both diurnal and nocturnal,
but toads are almost nocturnal. They are the earliest tetrapod
land vertebrates. There are 7,044 species of amphibians in
three orders exist today in the world [9]
. Amphibians occupy a
great variety of climatic and ecological zones [10]
. Amphibians
are scattered throughout northern and western mountains,
Balochistan tableland and arid plains of Punjab and Sind are
the unusually wide range of habitats co-inhibiting with a wide
assemblage of amphibian and reptile species [11]
. The 24
species of anuran amphibians falling in three cosmopolitan
families Bufonidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, and wide ranging
Tibeto-Himalayan family Megophryidae, have been recorded
within the limits of Pakistan [12]
. Ranidae is the richest family
of Order Anura under Class Amphibia, including 750 true
frog species contained in 61 Genera [13]
. The pioneer work on
the systematic of true frogs in Pakistan’s some specific areas
is previously done [14-16]
. According to IUCN (2009), there are
now 1,677 reptile species have been included on the IUCN
Red List, with 293 added in 2009. In total, 469 are threatened
with extinction and 22 are already Extinct or Extinct in the
wild. Pakistan has 179 species of reptilian fauna consisting of
turtles, tortoises, crocodile, gavial, lizards and snakes [17]
.
Lizards (Suborder Sauria) are the dominant group of reptiles
in Pakistan [18]
. Birds is important indicators of the ecosystem
of an area. They play a key role in the biological system of the
universe. Depending on the taxonomic viewpoint, the number
of known living bird species varies anywhere from 9,800 to
10,050 [19]
. Birds and their diversity constitute a main part of
the natural environment and play a functional role as agents of
flower pollination, seed dispersal, source of food chain and
agents in breaking seed dormancy during their migration and
local movement [20]
. Class Aves contains two suborders:
Archaeornithes and Neornith, three Superorders and 29
Orders [21]
. According to IUCN many bird species have a high
threat to extinction [22-24]
described avifauna distribution in the
whole country [25]
described the avifauna of Salt Range,
Pakistan. In urban areas, forest dwelling birds may have lower
abundances and lower nesting success [26, 27]
recorded the
diversity of water birds of Taunsa barrage [28]
observed the
water bird and it ecology and threats at Head Trimu, district
Jhang [29-30]
recorded the avifauna of Ravi siphon and Head
Qadir abad respectively. Mammals (class Mammalia) are an
extraordinary group, showing an amazing diversity of species,
forms, ecologies, physiologies, life histories and behaviors.
According to IUCN [31]
, out of 4763 mammalian species of
the world, 1137 are threatened. Mammalian fauna of Pakistan
is represented by 195species belonging to 10 orders [32, 33]
. Out
of195 mammal species, 5 are endemic to Pakistan, 12 are
Critically Endangered (1 endemic), 12 Endangered, 20
Vulnerable, 32 Near Threatened, 71 Least Concern, 38 Data
Deficient, 8Regionally Extinct and 2 are Not Evaluated [34]
.
Their taxonomic diversity of 5416 extant or recently extinct
species [35]
increases every year with the discovery of new
ones [36]
, even in well-known groups such as primates (e.g. [37]
.
The greatest numbers of extant species (99%) are consisted in
the subclass theria which consists of 5136 eutherian mammal
species (i.e. placental species such as rodents, bats,
carnivores, primates, cows, whales and elephants), and a
smaller proportion (346 species) of metatherian species (i.e.
marsupial mammals such as kangaroos and opossums).
Traditionally, the rest of the class Mammalia has been
classified into the subclass ‘Prototheria’, which is wholly
extinct apart from five species of egg-laying mammals—the
platypus and echidnas (Monotremata) [38]
. However, the
validity of Prototheria has been questioned and other
arrangements have been proposed, for example, grouping
monotremes with recently discovered fossil forms into a new
clade Australosphenida [39]
. Invertebrates are a very diverse
and influential group that comprises more than 90% of the
estimated 10 million-plus animal species, mainly arthropods
[40]
. They are widely used in research, aquaculture, farming,
and as displays in aquarium [41]
. Invertebrates such as shrimps,
clams, squids, locusts, termites, grasshoppers, and beetle
grubs, as well as honey from bees serve as a major source of
human food worldwide [40]
. For instance, research utilizing
invertebrates include everything from field research on
biodiversity and conservation to use as laboratory models for
the biological systems of other animals, including humans [40,
43]
. Public concern is also economically motivated. For
example, the increased occurrence of colony-collapse disorder
in honey bees has led to increased research into bee health
and welfare, because of their importance in producing honey
and pollinating crops [42]
. But the most striking example of the
public’s increased concern about invertebrate welfare is the
growing dialogue on the welfare of decapods crustaceans
during a live cooking [43, 44]
.
Map of Khurram dam

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Map of Muhabbat Khel dam
2. Material and method
The fish sample was collected from the different sites of the
Khurum dam with the help of local fisherman using different
types of catch nets which are followed hand nets, cast nets,
and different size of hooks with regular intervals. After the
collection immediately photographs were taken and then
immediately the same species were preserved with 10%
formalin, and 10% alcohol in bottle with respect to the size of
the species. In laboratory each species were identified up to
species level and the reorganization of the species was made
mainly on the basis of the color pattern, specific spots or
marks on the surface of the body, shape of the body, the
structure of various fins etc, by using different books hints
and different systemic and identification keys [45-47]
. Surveys
of amphibians were conducted during day and night using
different survey methods. Amphibian species encountered in
different habitats along with the number of individuals were
recorded on data sheets. Amphibian specimens were
identified with the aid of the following literature [48-53]
.
Nomenclature for Amphibians was followed from [9]
. Reptiles
seem to be very active after dusk during the summer season.
Snakes and Lizards are diurnal in activity and also seen most
active during mid-morning. Certain geckos and snakes are
active mostly at night time. Reptiles take hide themselves
under the stones or rocks. In the day time surveys, stones or
rotten fallen trees were turned over to record the presence of
reptiles. Information was also collected from the local wildlife
staff and from the communities of the study areas. The
classification and names of the species in the present work are
based on [54]
. Voucher specimens were injected and preserved
in 10% formalin solution or 50-70% alcohol and then
transported to the laboratory for their identification by using
keys [55, 56]
. Observations of birds were made in the morning
and afternoon between the months of April 2016 to December
2015. Surveys were conducted daily basis at different
locations of the both dams. At each sighting bird were
counted using a binocular (8x to 32x) and identified. In case
of doubtful identification, photographs were taken and the
species is identified later by consulting experts. The
identification of birds was carried out using standard literature
of [57-60]
. Expected number of birds at each study sites was
calculated by taking the average of each species and then
obtained %age abundance.
Medium-sized and large mammals were recorded through
signs such as footprints, scats and dens, during drinking water
and also by gathering information from locals, hunters and
game watchers of the Department of Wildlife, Karak. In
certain cases direct observations of the mammals were made
using field binocular (32x50). All species were arranged
according to taxonomic classification and their IUCN
conservation status determined [61-62]
. Invertebrates were also
observed during the present study of Khuram and muhabbat
Khel dam. For the proper identification of invertebrates
various identification keys were also used such [63, 64]
Fig 1: View of Khurram Dam
Fig 2: View of Muhabbat Khel Dam

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3. Results
1 Fishes
Table 1: Taxonomic position of Khuram dam fishes.
S.N. Class Order Family Genus Species
1 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Ctenopharygodon C. idella
2 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Crossocheilus C. diplocheilus
3 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cyprinus C. carpio
4 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Aspidoparia A. morar
5 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Salmophasia S. bacaila
6 Actinopterygii Siluriformes Siluridea Ompok O. pabda
Table 2: Species of fishes found in Muhabbat Khel Dam
S.N. Class Order Family Genus Species
1 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Labeo L. rohita
2 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cirrhinus C. cirrhosus
3 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Hypophthamichthys H. molitrix
4 Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cyprinius C. carpio
2. Amphibians
Table 3: Species of amphibians found in Khurum dam.
Local name Class Order Family Genus Species
frog Amphibia Anura Dicroglossidae Rana Rana tigrina
True frog Amphibia Anura Ranidea Euphlyctis Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Common toad Amphibia Anura Bufonidea Duttaphrynus Duttaphrynus melanostictus
Table 4: Species of amphibians found in Muhabbat Khel dam.
Frog Amphibia Anura Dicroglossidae Rana Rana tigrina
3. Reptiles
Table 5: Species of Reptiles found in Khurum dam.
Chameleon Reptilia Squamata Chamaeleonidae Chameleo Chamaeleo zeylanicus
Spiny tailed lizard Reptilia Squamata Agamidae Saara Saara hardwickii
Desert lizards Reptilia Squamata Xantusiidae Xantusia Xantusia vigilis
Desert king snake Reptilia Squamata Colubridae Lampropeltis Lampropeltis getula
Table 6: Species of Reptiles found in MUHABBAT KHEL dam.
Desert lizards Reptilia Squamata Xantusiidae Xantusia Xantusia vigilis
Desert king snake Reptilia Squamata Colubridae Lampropeltis Lampropeltis getula
4. Birds
Table 7: Species of Birds found in Khurum dam.
S. No. Local name Class Order Family Genus Species
1 Charchnra Aves Passeriformes Passeridae Passer Passer domesticus
2 Mynah Aves Passeriformes Sturnidae Acridotheres Acridotheris tristis
3 Common teal Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Anas Anas crecca
4 Seenzara Aves Galliformes Phasianidae Perdix Perdix perdix
5 Moor Aves Galliformes Phasianidae Pavo P. cristatus
6. Teetara Aves Galliformes Numididae Numida Numida meleagris
7. Zorye Aves Galliformes Gruidae Grus Grus grus
8. Bulbul Aves Passeriformes Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus Pycnonotus barbatus
9. Hudhud Aves Bucerotiformes Upupidea Upupa Upupa epops
Table 8: Species of Birds found in Muhabbat Khel dam.
S. No Local name Class Order Family Genus Species
1. Charchnra Aves Passeriformes Passeridae Passer Passer domesticus
2. Mynah Aves Passeriformes Sturnidae Acridotheres Acridotheris tristis
3. Common teal Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Anas Anas crecca
4. Hawk Aves Accipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo Buteo jamaicensis
5. Duck Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Cairina Cairina moschata
6. Jannat balbali Aves Passeriformes Dicruridae Dicrurus Dicrurus adsimilis

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5. Mammals
Table 9: Species of Mammals found in Khurum dam.
1. Goat Mammalia Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra Capra hircus
2. Sheep Mammalia Artiodactyla Bovidae Ovis Ovis aries
3. Cattle Mammalia Artiodactyla Bovidae Bos Bos taurus
4. Donkey Mammalia Perissodactyla Equidae Equus Equus asinus
5. Dog Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis Canis lupus
6. Cat Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis Felis catus
7. Jackal Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis Canis adustus
Table 10: Species of Mammals found in Muhabbat Khel dam.
1. Soya Mammalia Lagomorpha Leporidae Oryctolagus O. cuniculus
2. Mekha Mammalia Artiodactyla Bovidae Bubalus B. bubalis
3. Sheep Mammalia Artiodactyla Bovidae Ovis Ovis aries
4. Donkey Mammalia Perissodactyla Equidae Equus Equus asinus
5. Dog Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis Canis lupus
6. Invertebrates
Table 11: Species of Invertebrates found in Khurum Dam.
1. Dragonfly Insecta Odonata Petaluridae Sympetrum Sympetrum flaveolum
2. Scorpion Arachnida Scorpiones Scorpionidae Pandinus Pandinus imperator
3. Beetle Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Pterostichus Pterostichus melanarius
4. Common green darner Insecta Odonata Aeshnidae Anex Anex junius
5. Ants Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Solonopsis Solenopsis invicta
6. Leech Clitellata Arynchobdellida Hirudidae Hirudo Hirudo medicinalis
Table 12: Species of Invertebrates found in Muhabbat Khel dam.
1. Leech Clitellata Arynchobdellida Hirudidae Hirudo Hirudo medicinalis
2. Scorpion Arachnida Scorpiones Scorpionidae Pandinus Pandinus imperator
3. Mud dauber Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidea Sceliphoron Sceliphron caementarium
4. Wasp Insecta Hymenoptera Vespidea Vespa Vespa velutina

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4. Discussion
The present study was conducted in order to know about the
diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates of Khurum as well
as Muhabbat Khel dam. Both the vertebrates and invertebrates
were explained up to species level and their complete
taxonomic systematic representation was given in Tables 1-
12.In Khurum dam survey of fish fauna confirms the presence
of 6 species belonging to two order Cypriniformes and
Siluriformes and two families such as Cyprinidae and
Siluridae. The five species belong to one family Cyprinidae
i.e Cyprinus carpio, Crossocheilus diplochielus,
Ctenopharyngodon idella, Salmophasia bacaila, Aspidoparia
morar and one belong to family Siluridea i.e Ompok pabda.
While in Muhabbat khel dam 4 species were discovered
which belong to one family Cyprinidae. The spieces are
Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Hypophthalmichthys
molitrix, Cyprinus carpio. A grateful work on the Zebi dam,
of District Karak was performed by Ilyas [65]
who identified
about cyprinid species which are Cyprinus carpio, Barilius
vagra, Labeo rohita, Carassius auratus, Catla catla,
Cirrhinus mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Puntius ticto,
Puntius sophore, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, respectively.
Butt reported 94 species of fishes from the whole province of
K.P.K [66, 67]
Saqib et al worked on Khurum dam and
described six species of fishes. The five species belong to one
family Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio, Crossocheilus
diplochielus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Salmophasia bacaila,
Aspidoparia morar and one belong to family Siluridea i. e
Ompok pabda.
The amphibians which are present in both Khurum as well as
Muhabbat Khel dams they belong to one Order (Anura) and
three family (Dicroglossidae, Ranidea, Bufonidea). In
Khurum dam three species were identified which are Rana
tigrina, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Duttaphrynus melanostictus
and only one species identified in Muhabbat Khel dam which
are Rana tigrina. The species of reptiles observed in Khurum
dam they belong to one order (Squamata) and four different
family (Chamaeleonidae, Agamidae, Xantusiidae,
Colubridae). The four species are Chamaeleo zeylanicus,
Saara hardwickii, Xantusia vigili, s Lampropeltis getula. The
species af Muhabbat Khel dam belong to one order
(squamata) and two family (Xantusiidae, Colubridae). The
species are Xantusia vigili, s Lampropeltis getula. Khan
(1986) [68]
reported one species of toad, three frogs and nine
species of lizards and snakes each from the District of
Mianwali which is located 164 km from Chakwal District,
North-western Punjab. In Khurum dam nine species of birds
are discovered which are Passer domesticus, Acridotheris
tristis, Anas crecca, Perdix Perdix, P. cristatus, Numida
meleagris, Grus grus, Pycnonotus barbatus, Upupa epops.
While in Muhabbat khel dam Passer domesticus, Acridotheris
tristis, Anas crecca, Buteo jamaicensis, Cairina moschata,
Dicrurus adsimilis. Irfan, [69]
during a survey of Changa
Manga noted (524) bird’s maximum numbers. During our
research work we observed some mammals during grazing
and drinking of water in Khurum dam, six species are Capra
hircus, Ovis aries, Bos Taurus, Equus asinus, Canis lupu, s
Canisadustus, Felis catus. They belong to order (Artiodactyla,
Perissodactyla, Carnivora) and familes (Bovidae, Equidae,
Canidae, Felidae). The species of Muhabbat Khel dam belong
to four orders( Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla,
Carnivora) and four familes( Leporidae, Bovidae, Equidae,
Canidae).The five species are O. cuniculus, Equus asinus,
Canis lupu, s B. bubalis, Ovis aries. Roberts (1997) [70]
recorded 23 mammalian species (15 small and 8large
mammalian species) from river Chenab belonging to 20
genera, 11 families, and 6 orders. There are ten different
species of small invertebrates which includes arthropods;
insects and other arachnids were identified in both Khurum
and Muhabbat Khel dams. The classes Insecta were dominant
to other classes of invertebrates in both dams. Six species of
invertebrates were discover in Khurum dam which belong to
three classes (Insecta, Clitellata, Arachnida) and five
orders(Hymenoptera, Scorpiones, Arynchobdellida, Odonata,
Coleoptera).The 6 species are Sympetrum flaveolum,
Pandinus imperator, Pterostichus melanarius, Anex junius,
Solenopsis invicta, Hirudo medicinalis. Zaryab et al
conducted study on Tanga dam of district Karak, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during the period from
August to October
2016. Tanga dam includes all the vertebrates, including
fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Fishes
include Catla catla. Amphibians include Rana tigrina.
Reptiles include Xanthus vigilis and Lampropeltis getula.
Birds include Passer domesticus, Acridotheres tritis and Anas
crecca. Mammals include Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Canis
adustus, Bos taures, Equus asinus, Canis lupus and Felis
catus. Among invertebrates Pandinus imperator, pterostichus
melanarius, Solenopsis invicta and Hirudo medicinalis were
abundant in Tanga dam [71]
.
In Muhabbat Khel dam four species are observed, which
belongs to three classes (Insecta, Clitellata, Arachnida)and
three orders (Hymenoptera, Scorpiones, Arynchobdellida )
and foe families (Hirudidae, Scorpionidae, Sphecidea,
Vespidea). The four species are Sceliphron caementarium,
Vespa velutina, Hirudo medicinalis, Pandinus imperator.
5. Conclusion
From the current study it can be concluded that Khurum and
Muhabbat Khel dam provide suitable environmental
conditions to support the diversity of both vertebrates and
invertebrates. The water of this dam is of good quality,
government should pay attention to this dam for making this
dam excellent for life and irrigation.
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