Albizia procera agroforestry and reforestation_2021
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Albizia procera is a large, fast-growing tree species that is commonly used for reforestation and agroforestry in Bangladesh. It fixes nitrogen, provides wood and fodder, and is used as shade for tea plantations. The document discusses the taxonomy, description, uses, propagation, and management of A. procera. Some key points covered include that it is a broad-leaved, perennial tree tolerant of various soils; its bark, wood, and leaves have multiple uses; and it can form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia to fix nitrogen.
Albizia procera agroforestry and reforestation_2021
- 1. Albizia procera : Agroforestry and Reforestation Albizia procera Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University
- 2. Albizia procera for Reforestation and Agroforestry Summery Albizia procera is a large, fast-growing tree that occurs on many different sites. This species provides wood for a variety of purposes, nutritious fodder for livestock and shade for tea plantations. It is an important reforestation and agroforestry species. It is commonly called locally White siris, Sada Koroi etc. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 2 Figure 1: Albizia procera Tree
- 3. Taxonomy of Albizia procera Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledonae Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Mimosoideae Genus: Albizia Species: Albizia procera Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 3 Figure 2: A Albizia procera Tree
- 4. Identity of Albizia procera Scientific name: Albizia procera (Roxb.) Synonym: Mimosa procera Roxb. English name: White siris, Safed sinis, Forest siris Local name: Tribal name: Sadakoroi Silkoroi Jhunjhunakoroi Lohasiris(Sylhet) Jatkoroi(Northerndistricts Choi Ghepa (Mogh) Choipang Chobang Chapao (Marma) Khelvi (Garo) Khuri bofang (Tripura) Sil koroi gaith (Tanchangya) Awaiya, Changgae (Rakhaing) Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 4
- 5. Distribution Exotic: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands (US), Zimbabwe. Figure 3: The map above shows countries where the species has been planted. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 5 Bangladesh: This species is found in forests of Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Cox's Bazar, Dhaka-Mymensingh Sal forests, and more or less throughout the country. Native: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand, Vietnam
- 6. What type of Plant? Broad leaved Perennial Seed propagated Tree Vegetatively propagated Woody Soil Tolerances Soil drainage Seasonally waterlogged Soil reaction Acid Alkaline Neutral Soil texture Light Medium Special soil tolerances Saline Shallow Sodic Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 6
- 7. Plant Ecology Tropical and subtropical moist and wet forest Rainfall is 1000-5000 mm/yr. Growing to elevations of 1200 meter Also common on moisture savannas and swamp forests. Temperatures vary from 1° -46° C Drought tolerant and susceptible to frost Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 7 Figure 4: Albizia procera Ecology
- 8. Description of the Plant Stem Stem and Height: Tall, clear, erect, unbuttressed bole, sometimes curved trunk and large branches, thin and spreading, crown 95 cm in diameter and 36 meters in height. Bark: Nearly smooth, Whitish to light-greenish gray or Light-brown. Natural forests are managed for timber production by coppicing on a 40-year rotation. Fuelwood plantations are managed on a 20-year rotation. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 8 Figure 5: Stem of Albizia procera
- 9. Description of the Plant Bark Which plant part is usabe of Albizia procera? It is bark. Mainly bark is usable part of Albizia procera. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 9 Figure 6: Bark of Albizia procera
- 10. Description of the Plant Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 10 Flowering June to September (beginning of the rainy season) Sessile Yellowish-white Racemes 8-25 cm long near the end of a twig Numerous greenish-yellow flowers form whitish heads 20-24 mm in diameter Figure 7: Flower of Albizia procera
- 11. Description of the Plant Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 11 Leaves Bipinnately compound Reddish when juvenile Pinnae 2-6 pairs Leaflets 5-10 pairs Mature to a length of 12-25 cm Leaflets are 2-4 cm long and 8-16 mm wide Figure 8: Leaves of Albizia procera
- 12. Description of the plant Fruit Pods linear-oblong Flattened Shiny reddish-brown Reddish-brown flat pod 10-20 cm long and 18-25 cm wide Ripen 3-5 months after flowering Each pod containing 6-12 seeds Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 12 Figure 9: Fruit and Seed of Albizia procera
- 13. Multiplication Seed: There are 20,000-24,000 seeds per kilogram. Average germination rate of 63%. Vegetative propagation: Seedlings, saplings and mature trees coppice vigorously from stumps and roots. Tissue Culture Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 13 Figure 10: Seed Parts Figure 11: Tissue culture system
- 14. Uses Agroforestry Likely to affect nutrient cycling as the species is a nitrogen fixer. Natural regeneration provides small timber, fuelwood, charcoal, fodder or shade. Seedlings are planted in family forests or home gardens. Albizia procera can be cultivated as shade for tea plantation. It is protein-rich fodder. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 14 Figure 12: Albizia procera in Tea Garden
- 15. Uses Medicinal • Bark-boiled water with table salt is prescribed to expel threadworms. • Bath with the same water is given for scabies. • Extract is used to wash the anus thrice a day until the anal fissure is cured. • A paste is of bark is applied on the infected skin twice a day until the leprosy is cured. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 15 Figure 13: Medicinal products of Albizia procera
- 16. Uses Wood Durable, strong and resistant to termites The wood is light- to chocolate-brown with light and dark bands. It is difficult to saw due to interlocking grain and has a specific gravity of 0.6-0.9. Considered a promising source of pulp for high-quality paper. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 16 Figure 14: Albizia procera Wood
- 17. Uses Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 17 Containers Boxes Cases Cooperage Crates Pallets Tanks Vats Pulp Short-fibre pulp Sawn or hewn building timbers For heavy construction Roundwood Building poles Pit props Posts Transmission poles Woodware Industrial and domestic woodware Wood carvings Charcoal Furniture Vehicle bodies Veneers Wood Products are –
- 18. Other Uses Trees are often planted for shade or beautification along roads. The bark contains tannins and a reddish gum. Also, it can be used to make a poison. The leaves are used to treat ulcers and have insecticidal properties. In West Indies, the cooked leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 18
- 19. Natural Enemies Diseases o Seedling wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum o Leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum dematium and Cercospora albiziae o Pustules on leaflets caused by Ravenelia clemensiae o Bark and stem cankers caused by Fusarium solani o Root rot caused by Ganoderma lucidum o Heart rot caused by Ganoderma applanatum and Polyporus gilvus Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 19
- 20. Natural Enemies Insect Seed weevils such as Bruchidius bilineatopygus Root knot nematodes such as Meloidogyne spp. Hemipterous insect such as Oxyrhachis tarandus Termite such as Coptotermes curvignathus and Ancistrotermes amphidon. Stem borer such as – Ascotis selenaria Hyposidra successaria Eurema blanda Rhesala imparata Eurema hecaba Rhesala inconcinnalis Cusiala raptaria Rhesala moestalis Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 20 Figure 15: Insect attack to Albizia procera
- 21. Symbiosis Albizia procera forms symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria enabling it to fix nitrogen and thrive on infertile soils. The application of phosphorus fertilizer can improve nodulation and nitrogen fixation, particularly on infertile soils. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 21 Figure 16: Albizia procera in Tea Garden
- 22. Limitations Because of its aggressive growth white Siris (Sada Koroi) may be a potential weed. This is particularly true in the many countries, where white siris (Sada Koroi) grows faster than many native species. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 22
- 23. Dept. of Agroforestry and Environmental Science I Sylhet Agricultural University 23