Bodhidharma was a 5th century Buddhist monk who is considered the founder of Zen Buddhism. He taught that enlightenment could be achieved through meditation and understanding oneself, rather than just reciting and memorizing texts. Bodhidharma emphasized living according to Buddhism's Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, which encourage right view, speech, action and livelihood in order to reduce suffering for oneself and others. His philosophy focused on internal reflection and understanding over external practices, influencing both ancient Chinese Buddhism and modern interpretations that aim to make ethical decisions and build a more peaceful world.