Earth work equipment
- 2. Different types 1.Wheel loaders. 2.Backhoes of earth work 3.Excavators 4.Scrapers 5.Motor graders equipment: 6.Rollers 7.Dump trucks.
- 3. A loader (also known as: bucket/ frontend/pay/scoop/skip/wheel loader and or shovel.) is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground.
- 4. The backhoe attachment is used to dig up hard material and is often used to dig trenches. It is hinged in three places, making it resemble an arm: a shoulder joint attached to the tractor, an elbow sticking up in the air, and a wrist, where a relatively narrow bucket is attached. The bucket is extended away from the tractor, lowered, and filled by dragging toward the tractor -- then raised and moved to the side before being dumped. Extending and raising a backhoe reduces overall stability, so before the backhoe is used outriggers are extended for safety.
- 5. In engineering, machine for moving earth over short distances (up to about two miles) over relatively smooth areas. Either self-propelled or towed, it consists of a wagon with a gate having a bladed bottom. The blade scrapes up earth as the wagon pushes forward and forces the excavated material into the wagon. When the wagon is filled, the gate is closed, and the material is carried to the place of disposal. The scraper is the dominant tool in highway construction.
- 6. Excavators are machines with multiple uses. They are primarily used for digging, demolition, forestry work, grading, landscaping, heavy lifting, and brush cutting. The important features on these heavy pieces of equipment are hydraulic powered motors or rams, sealed cab on rotating platform, head attachments (such as a bucket), which are used for different purposes. These attachments can change the functionality of the machine instantly from a trench digger to a logger. The rotating platform adds convenience for other machinery. For example a dump truck can be located directly behind the excavator and it can still easily deposit material by swinging around on a 180 degree pivot.
- 7. A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or a motor grader, is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. Typical models have three axles with the engine and cab situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between. Some construction personnel refer to the entire machine as "the blade." In civil engineering, the grader's purpose is to "finish grade" (refine, set precisely) the "rough grading" performed by heavy equipment or engineering vehicles such as scrapers and bull dozers
- 8. Rollers are machines used in the compaction of soils after grading. Compaction reduces the volume of air space in the soil. This compaction increases the dry unit weight and strength of the soil to better support structures. This is a very important step, and there are various tools to complete this task. Rollers complete compaction using various methods: Pressure, Impact, Vibration, and Manipulation.
- 9. A Vibratory roller is a heavy machine similar A sheep foot roller has almost hoof to a sheep foot or tamping roller but adds like structures protruding from a vibration. It utilizes eccentric(alternating) roller to offer pinpoint pressure as in weights and other methods to produce a a herd of sheep was walking across vibration as it drops them against the soil with the field. It offers a typical pressure a typical frequency of 1000-3500 value of 500lb/in^2 cycles, vibrating the soil to compaction. Vibration is usually more effective in sandy and gravelly soils. Can be effective up to 2m. Sheep foot roller Vibratory roller
- 10. Dump Trucks - used instead of scrapers when the soil is being excavated by loaders. Most can travel over public highways, and move faster than scrapers