The International Journal of Engineering and Science

The International Journal of Engineering
And Science (IJES)
||Volume|| 1 ||Issue|| 1 ||Pages|| 57-63 ||2012||
ISSN: 2319 – 1813 ISBN: 2319 – 1805

Dielectric, Magnetic, Electric and Structural Properties of Ni0.2-
Cox-Zn0.8-X Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized By Sol-Gel Auto
Combustion Method
R. B. Bhise1, S. M. Rathod 2, A. K. Supekar3
1,
Depart ment of Physics, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan (India)
2,
Depart ment of Physics, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune(MH)
3
Department of Physics, Balasaheb.Jadhav.College, Ale(Pune)

--------------------------------------------------Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------
Nickel substituted Co xZn 0.8-x Fe2 O4 (x=0.2, 0.5 and 0.6) ferrite were synthesized by Sol-gel auto combustion
method. The powders were sintering at 400o c and 700o c for 2hrs to densify properly. The samples were
characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR and Magnetic properties . The XRD used to analyze phase structure and
lattice parameters. The FTIR spectra confirmed that synthesis material is ferrite. Morphology of ferrite powders
were investigated by using SEM. Porosity of synthesis ferrite is measured. The saturation magnetization
increases with increasing Co-Zn concentration. Resistivity of ferrite material is may be decreases due to vary
concentration of Co and Zn. Dielectric Properties show the variation in the dielectric loss factor of Ni-Co-Zn
ferrite sintered at various temperatures.

Key Words: Nanocrystalline, Structural, Mag netization, Resistivity, Dielectric, Sol-gel Auto Combustion
method
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Date of Submission: 12, November, 2012 Date of Publication: 30, November 2012
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I. Introduction
Dielectric and Magnetic properties of Ni-Co-Zn have attracted attention because of their use at high
frequency applications [1]. Because of high resistivity and low eddy current loss it also used as core material for
transformer. NiFe2 O4 ,CoFe2 O4 and ZnFe 2 O4 shows good dielectric and magnetic properties for technical
application hence it is widely used in capacitor and magnetic cores of read-write heads for high speed digital
recording and production of electronic and magnetic co mponents [2]. Which are depends on various parameters
such as processing conditions, sintering temperature and time as well as on their chemical co mposition [3].
Researchers are used a variety of techniques including alternative sputtering technology, Pulse-Laser deposition,
and spin-spray plating etc to deposit film [4]. However most of them cannot be economically applied on a large
scale because they required high vacuum system, co mplicated experimental steps and high reaction
temperatures. In this study, chemical synthesis route called sol-gel auto combustion method has been applied
synthesize NF, CF and ZF [2-4]. This method is useful to achieve the fabrication of magn etic nanoferrites at low
annealing temperature. The size and morphology of nano particles and their properties may be controlled by
modifying the composition of the nanocomposites and by thermal treat ment conditions [5]. Due to the small size
of the nanocrystals, an important part of the atoms are located at the surface this is the reason why the sol-gel
synthesis method gone on intensive development [6]. Upto this stage the research work on Ni-CO-Zn ferrite is
very limited. The sol-gel method was used for synthesis of this nanoferrites material. This method involves
hydrolysis [7-8].

In this paper we present a study of the magnetic and structural properties of Ni0.2 CO0.2 Zn 0.6 Fe2 O4 ,
Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn 0.3 Fe2 O4 and Ni0.2 CO0.6 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 nanocomposites of different composition. The composition,
crystal structure, morphology, and size distribution of Ni-Co-Zn ferrite nanocrystals can be controlled by
adjusting the synthesis route and molar ratio of materials in the init ial mixtures. The synthesized nano crysta ls
have been characterized by XRD, SEM , FTIR, Dielectric and Magnetic Properties presented below are the
details of investigation.

www.theijes.com The IJES Page 57

Dielectric, Magnetic, Electric And Structural Properties…

II. Experimental:
The Ni0.2 CO0.2 Zn 0.6 Fe2 O4 , Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn 0.3 Fe2 O4 and Ni0.2 CO0.6 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 ferrite powders were prepared
by co-precipitation and hydro thermal technique using iron nitrate, zinc nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and nickel n itrate
as reaction agent. To obtain Ni0.2 CO0.2 Zn 0.6 Fe2 O4 , Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn 0.3 Fe2 O4 and Ni0.2 CO0.6 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 ferrite powders
we have mixed AR grade iron nitrate, zinc nit rate, cobalt nitrate, and nickel nitrate with double distilled water.
Citric acid was used as a chelating agent because it plays an important role in ho mogeneous mixture format ion
of metal cations. Reaction procedure was carried out in air at mosphere at room temperature. The co mposition
was well shake and pH of solution is maintained as 7 by adding ammonia. The prepared solution was stirred on
magnetic stirrer at lo w temperature 800 C to form a gel. The prepared ferrite samples were annealed fo r 400 0 C
and 7000 C. The general chemical reaction involves in synthetic process can be written as
(0.2)Ni(NO3 )2 .6H2 O+(x)Co(NO3 )2 .6H2 O+(x-0.8)Zn (NO3 )2 .6H2 O+2Fe(NO3 )3.9H2 O+3C6 H8 O7 →Ni0.2 COxZn x-0.8
Fe2 O4 +4N2 ↑+18CO2 ↑+12H2 O.
The synthesized nano crystalline samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction techniques at room
temperature by using Philips powder X-Ray Diffractometer (model PW3710) with Cu Kα radiat ions having
wavelength 1.5406 A 0. The morphological behavior of the investigated samples was determined by using
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM ) techniques (model HI TACHI Japan). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
spectra were recorded in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 at room temperature by using Brukar Spectrometry and
magnetic properties for Ni substituted nanocrystalline Ni0.2 Co xZn x-0.8 Fe2 O4 Spinal ferrite system sintered at
4000 C and 7000 C measured at room temperature with applied field of 6 KOe .

III. Result and Discussion:
3.1 X-Ray Diffraction.
To identify the possible format ion of phase in Ni-Co-Zn ferrite an XRD analysis was done. The most
intense peaks in all the specimens were found to match well with spherical spinel ferrite (JCPD). Lattice
parameters and crystalline sizes of sintered ferrites specimens, evaluated by XRD analysis are shown in table (1)
along with their composition, density, crystalline size, Porosity. There was a minor increase in lattice parameter
which may be due to increasing concentration of Co and Zn. But lattice parameter increases with in increasing
annealing temperature 4000 C to 7000 C. Decreasing densification may be due to the evolution of excess Co and
Zn in the composition for Fe at room temp., 4000 C and 7000 C respectively. Decreasing in density may be due to
vary with concentration of Co and Zn. Porosity is increases due to increasing temperature at room temp., 4000 C
and 7000 C respectively. The XRD patterns are shown as in fig 1(a), (b), and (c)
.
Table No.1

Inter
Lattice pl aner
Temperature Constant Dist ( Density Porosity
0
Composition C ( a ) A0 d )nm Dx. g m/cc3 ( %P )
Room 6.757 28.63 10.153x106 3.19
I] Ni(0.2) Co 400 6.091 32.37 13.86x106 3.24
Zn 700 6.757 23.49 10.15x106 3.27
Room 8.196 54.05 5.705x106 2.24
II] Ni(0.2) 400 8.196 31.63 5.705x106 2.27
Co Zn 700 8.618 52.7 4.908x106 2.35
Room 7.647 26.92 7.004x106 1.93
III] Ni(0.2) 400 6.757 24.92 10.152x106 2.11
Co Zn 700 7.346 27.82 7.901x106 2.31



211
16000

14000

12000

Intensity
10000

400
200

321
8000

220

222
6000

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
2θ
Fig-1(a) X-RD Pattern of Sintered
Ni0.2 CO0.2 Zn0.6 Fe2 O4 Ferrites

2400 222

2200

2000

1800
Intensity

530
1600
520
300

1400
410

1200
510
200

1000

800

20 30 40 50 60
2θ
Fig-1(b) X-RD Pattern of Sintered
Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn0.3 Fe2 O4 Ferrites

11000
220

10000

9000
Intensity

8000
211

422
222

421

7000

6000

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
2θ
Fig-1(c) X-RD Pattern of Sintered
Ni0.2CO0.6Zn0.2Fe 2O4 Ferrites

3.2 FT-IR Spectra:
In the present study Ni0.2 CO0.2 Zn 0.6 Fe2 O4 , Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn 0.3 Fe2 O4 and Ni0.2 CO0.6 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 ferrite has
been synthesized at room temperature, 4000 C, and 7000 C.The synthesis process is carried out using sol-gel auto
combustion method. The citric acid was used a reducing agent in reaction. The of Ni 0.2 CO0.2 Zn 0.6 Fe2 O4 IR curve
fig2(a) of sintered powder shows strong absorption band 1619.912Cm-1 to 2339.23Cm-1 indicates N-H Bending
structure, the strong absorption band at 2341.15Cm-1 indicating C trip le bond N- Stretched. The band at 1715.46
Cm-1 indicating C-H out of plane bending carbohydrates which is very weak and shifted to low frequency.



100

1619.9122
80

Transmittance %
60
2339.2305

40

20

0
715.4612

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
-I
Fig-2(a)Wavenumber ( Cm )of
FT-IR Pattern Sintered
Ni0.2CO0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 Ferrites.

100

80 1629.5546
1345.1057
Transmittance %

60
2341.1589

40

20

0 668.2138

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Fig-2(b)Wavenumber Cm
FT-IR Pattern of Sintered
-1

Ni0.2CO0.5Zn0.3Fe 2O4 Ferrites.

The of Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn 0.3 Fe2 O4 IR curve fig2(b) of sintered powder shows strong absorption band
1345.10Cm-1 to 1629.55Cm-1 indicates N-H Bending structure, the strong absorption band at 2341.15Cm-1
indicating C trip le bond N- Stretched. The band at 668.21 Cm-1 indicating C-H out of plane bending
carbohydrates which is very weak and shifted to low frequency.

100

1627.6261
1482.0269
80
Transmittance %

2341.1589
60

40

20
714.497

4000 Fig-2(c) FT-IR Pattern of 1000 500
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Sintered
Ni0.2Wavenumber0.2Fe)2O4 Ferrites
CO0.6Zn ( Cm -I

The of Ni0.2 CO0.6 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 IR curve fig2(c) of sintered powder shows strong absorption band
14825.027Cm-1 to 1627.62Cm-1 indicates N-H Bending structure, the strong absorption band at 2341.15Cm-1
indicating C trip le bond N- Stretched. The band at 714.49 Cm-1 indicating C-H out of plane bending
carbohydrates which is very weak and shifted to low frequency.



3.3 SEM Morpholog y:
Performing SEM we analyzed the structure of Ni0.6 CO0.2 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 , Ni0.2 CO0.5 Zn0.3 Fe2 O4 and
Ni0.2 CO0.6 Zn 0.2 Fe2 O4 shows typical mo rphology in fig3(a,b,c). For samples synthesized by sol-gel method the
surface has compact structure with smallest particle size typically less than 60 n m. The micrograph of samples
sintered at 4000 C and 7000 C indicating that microstructure is completely form these temperature. The grain size
increases with increase in temperature.

Fig-3(a)SEM Mo rpholo gy of Sintered

Fig-3(b) SEM Morphology of Sintered

Fig-3(c) SEM Morphology of Sintered
Ni0.2CO0.2Zn0.6Fe 2O4 Ferrites



3.4 Magnetic Properties:

Fig.4 Hysteresis loops of Ni0.2Co0.2 Zn 0.6
sintered at 400oC and 700oC

Hysteresis loops of synthesized sample are shown in Fig.4 Saturation magnetization value is 2.3 emu/g
for the sample sintered at 700o C and the same is 0.5 emu/g for the sample sintered at 400o C. The increase of
saturation magnetizat ion with the increase in sintering temperature is an indication that the average magnetic
domain size of the particle is increasing and the atomic spins are getting more and more aligned with the
direction of the applied magnetic field. The increase in coercivity can result from an increase in particle size
fro m super paramagnetic size to single domain size, the effect of surface anisotropy and thermal energ ies.

3.5 Dielectric properties:

Fig-5: Variation of Dielectric loss factor with
Frequency of sintered Ni0.2Co 0.2 Zn0.6 ferrite

The variation of dielectric constant with temperature versus frequency is studied and depicted in the
Fig.5. It is clear that dielectric constant increases with temperature at all frequencies. It also show the variation
in the dielectric loss factor of Ni-Co-Zn ferrite sintered at various temperatures. The decrease takes place when
the jumping frequencies of electric charge carriers cannot follow the alteration of applied AC electric field
beyond a certain critical frequencies.

3.6 Resistivity
Sintered ferrite (Ni0.2 Co 0.2 Zn 0.6 )Fe2 O4 composition is optimize and pellet specimens were used to
determine resistivity. Electrodes were painted on the surface of the sample using a conducting silver paste
followed by curing at 300o C for ½ h. The AC resistivity ρ was analyzed by Impedance Analyzer Model 4192A,
Hewlett Packard, USA. The Ferrite (Ni0.2 Co 0.2 Zn 0.6 )Fe2 O4 shows the resistivity of about 9.2 MΩ-cm at 100 kHz
with frequency stability up to ~10 M Hz The imp roved resistive properties of the composition might be d ue to
the lowering of magnetostriction constant by Ni and Co-Zn substitution and partly due to better densificat ion.
Due to different concentration of Zn and Co at constant Ni shows increase in interplaner distance for normal
temperature to 4000 C and again decrease for 4000 C to 7000 C.

VI. Conclusion:
The Ni-Co-Zn spinel ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion
method. By varying the concentration of CoFe2 O4 (CF), and ZnFe 2 O4 (ZF) at constant Ni Fe2 O4 (NF), there is
increase in Lattice Constant, Inter planer distance, Porosity and decrease in Density at increasing temperature.
The FTIR investigation shows strong absorption of Co and Zn ions. The nano crystalline natures confirm fro m



SEM and XRD. SEM shows spherical spinal structure.XRD pattern confirm the formation of spherical
spinel phase. The lattice parameters, Porosity and Density of ferrite materials are changes for different
concentration and different temperature. The increase of saturation magnetizat ion with the increase in sintering
temperature is an indication that the average magnetic domain size of the part icle is increasing and the atomic
spins are getting more and more aligned with the direction of the applied magnetic field. The improved resistive
properties of the composition might be due to the lowering of magnetostriction constant by Ni and Co -Zn
substitution and partly due to better densification.The rap id increase in the dielectric constant with increase in
temperature at lo w frequencies suggests that the effect of temperature is more pronounced on the interfacial
polarization than on the dipolar polarization. Therefore a constant and low value of the dielectric constant at
high frequencies is observed.

References:
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162-167.
[2]. B. K. Chaughale et al (2010), Prep. Char. Mag. Prop. of nanocrystalline Ni-Zn Ferrite, Sch.Res.Lib.2(2),
388-395.
[3]. K. C. Varma et al (2011), St rl, Microstrl.,Mag. Prop. Of NiCoMn Ferite thin film, J. of Mag. and
Mat.,323, 3271-3275.
[4]. K. H. Buschow,(1995),Hnd.bk Of Mag. Mat,8,198.
[5]. M. Stefanescu, et al (2009), Prep. of Ni Zn Micro Co mp . Po wd. By S-G, j of Mat. Chem. And app.
Phy.,113, 342-348.
[6]. P. K. Roy,et al (2008),Chr. o f nano Cryst. Ferrite, J. of Mat. Process Tec.,197,279-283.
[7]. Xqi, J. Zhou, et al (2002), Key Eng. Mat.,593, 224.
[8]. R. Bh ise S. Rathod, A. Supekar (2012 ), Syn. of Ni-Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticles, Int. J. of Basic and Appl.
Res., 44 , 168-172.


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