Engaging Detroit: URC's Contributions to Resurgence in the Motor City

Engaging Detroit
URC’s Contributions to Resurgence
in the Motor City
A Report Commissioned by the
University Research Corridor:
Michigan State University
University of Michigan
Wayne State University
Prepared by:
Public Sector Consultants
Spring 2016

Executive Summary
Overview
Detroit is Michigan’s iconic city, with a diverse population and a rich cultural
history. Its innovation helped create the auto industry and America’s middle class.
Michigan’s University Research Corridor (URC) is an alliance of Michigan State
University (MSU), the University of Michigan (U-M), and Wayne State University
(WSU). The URC ranks as one of the nation’s top university clusters and is a
leading force in Michigan for talent production, academic research, and economic
revitalization.
Each year the URC publishes a report as part of its annual sector report series.
Started in 2007, this series has focused on documenting the impact of the URC
institutions on sectors of importance to the Michigan economy. Past reports
have highlighted the alternative energy, life sciences, advanced manufacturing,
information technology, automotive, and water (blue economy) industries, as well
as the URC’s contributions to talent and entrepreneurship. (See Appendix B for a
summary of past URC sector reports.) This year’s URC sector report focuses on
the URC’s contributions to the recovery of Michigan’s largest city.
The URC has had a long relationship with Detroit and plays a pivotal role in the
city’s ongoing revival. As the city’s seventh largest employer, WSU is an anchor
institution in Detroit (City of Detroit 2015). Although WSU has the largest impact,
MSU and U-M are deeply engaged in the city as well. URC faculty, staff, and
alumni are partnering with city residents and Detroit organizations in hundreds
of ways—helping rebuild neighborhoods, improving urban education and public
health, and developing the businesses of the future.
This partnership goes both ways. The URC benefits from its access to Detroit,
which offers an urban experience with cultural, sport, and entertainment
opportunities for students, faculty and staff. The city’s business core offers many
internship, employment, and business startup opportunities for students and
alumni alike.
URC Research and Engagement
MSU, U-M, and WSU are all internationally recognized research institutions, and all
have a Carnegie Classification of “highest research activity,” indicating a high level of
both aggregate research activity and research activity per faculty member (Indiana
University for Postsecondary Research n.d.). In addition, URC institutions have a
“community engagement” classification, which indicates the “collaboration between
institutions of higher education and their larger communities…for the mutually
beneficial exchange of knowledge and resources in a context of partnership and
reciprocity” (New England Resource Center for Higher Education 2016).
Research conducted by faculty and students is part of the URC’s larger
engagement in the city. Researchers studying how to improve urban education
are actively working with Detroit students, teachers, and school leaders.
Researchers studying urban issues are helping Detroit organizations redesign
and develop neighborhoods. URC programs are training community organizers
and city leaders. Detroit entrepreneurs can launch their businesses with the help
Between 2010 and
2014, the URC had 762
research grants related
to Detroit

Executive Summary | II
Engaging Detroit
URC’s Contributions to Resurgence in the Motor City
Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, increment P Corp., NRCAN, Esri
Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS User Community
Detroit: City BoundaryCity of Detroit

of URC incubators and programs. Medical students are treating Detroit residents
with the latest technology.
Between 2010 and 2014, the URC had:
„„ 762 research grants related to Detroit, including:
ƒƒ 428 grants researching the city and its associated policy issues
ƒƒ 334 grants for medical research occurring in the city
„„ Total Detroit research spending of $263 million
This report identified more than 300 URC programs and initiatives in Detroit. These
programs include:
„„ 25 programs related to the arts
„„ 27 programs aimed at economic revitalization
„„ 73 community-building programs, including initiatives aimed at strengthening
neighborhoods and developing city leaders
„„ 41 community service programs
„„ 95 programs aimed at improving the delivery of education in Detroit
„„ 66 public health programs
Community Building
The URC is helping revitalize Detroit through community building, perhaps best
exemplified by the extensive work WSU has done to revitalize Midtown. This
includes efforts to increase the number of students and staff who live on and
around campus and programs such as a significant investment in the WSU police
department, whose officers are commissioned by the Detroit Police Department,
and use of CompStat, a data-driven approach to reducing crime. These efforts
have paid off—crime in Midtown is down dramatically, retail is flourishing, and the
residential occupancy rate is more than 97 percent.
U-M and MSU also have programs aimed at community building. These programs
shape the future leaders of Detroit through fellowships at the university’s policy
schools and citizen training provided through programs like MSU Extension.
URC programs are helping Detroiters build strong neighborhoods, communities,
leaders, and government institutions. In short, the URC is helping to develop the
people and institutions that will drive the revitalization of the city.
Community Service
While there are clear signs of an economic renaissance in Detroit, it remains
a high poverty city. Many residents are struggling with issues associated with
this poverty: high crime, blighted neighborhoods, struggling K–12 education
institutions, and a lack of economic opportunity. URC students, faculty, and staff
are partnering with Detroiters to address these challenging issues.
MSU Extension runs a variety of programs aimed at improving nutrition and
increasing the availability of fresh foods in Detroit. WSU’s Wayne Cares program
is a university initiative that brings together students, faculty, and staff to perform
charitable work in the community. The U-M Detroit Partnership is a student-run
nonprofit that coordinates one-time and weekly service-learning opportunities. This
partnership has supported a wide range of volunteer activities, including tutoring,
mentoring, crisis counseling, and a one-day service-learning project in Detroit that
attracts more than 1,000 students.

Executive Summary | IV
Engaging Detroit
Economic Revitalization
Strong economic development is essential to securing Detroit’s future. Programs
such as TechTown Detroit are helping to drive future economic development.
TechTown, created by WSU in partnership with General Motors and the Henry
Ford Health System in 2000, offers business incubation support to startup firms.
Through this and other programs, the URC helps new entrepreneurs meet the
challenges of getting a fledgling business up and running—which includes finding
financing, marketing, and a distribution network. For example, the MSU Product
Center, a statewide program, is helping Detroit
food entrepreneurs commercialize, produce,
package, and distribute their products.
Detroit was selected to host two of the seven
centers of excellence developed under the
National Network for Manufacturing Innovation
(NNMI), in part due to the URC universities’
expertise in engineering and in part due to
the proximity with manufacturing research
and development occurring in Southeast
Michigan. The NNMI is an initiative focused
on coordinating public and private investment
in emerging advanced manufacturing
technologies. Both the Lightweight Innovations
for Tomorrow (LIFT) center, operated by the
American Lightweight Materials Manufacturing
Innovation Institute (ALMMII), and the Institute
for Advanced Composites Manufacturing
Innovation (IACMI) will bridge the gap between
applied research and product development.
Education
Detroit faces many of the problems common to high-poverty urban school
districts. The URC is engaged in numerous efforts aimed at improving teaching
in Detroit and helping students directly, including the training of teachers and
school leaders. Programs that bring students to campus better prepare them
for the college experience and positions them for success in STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers.
The URC is a powerful engine for economic mobility. The URC takes students
who grew up in poverty and gives them the skills that command high wages in
the workplace. A recent Bridge Magazine analysis examined the earnings of
low-income students 10 years after entering school and found that among 35
universities in Michigan, the URC schools ranked first, third, and fifth in earnings
for these students after enrollment (French 2016).
URC’s Economic Impact on Detroit
By purchasing goods and services in the city, the URC serves as a powerful
economic engine; it also adds to the infrastructure of Detroit through construction.
Many URC students, faculty, and staff live, work, and study in the city; URC
alumni living in Detroit also contribute to the economy through purchases and tax
payments.
DetroitDerek Photography (Kerry Farr).

In 2015, the URC’s economic impact on Detroit included:
„„ $958 million in new economic activity, which is made up of:
ƒƒ $421 million in operations and capital spending
ƒƒ $194 million from the spending of faculty and staff
ƒƒ $140 million from the spending of students
ƒƒ $204 million from URC alumni living in Detroit
„„ More than 8,000 faculty and staff working in Detroit
„„ A total contribution of more than 11,600 jobs
„„ More than 28,000 students being educated in the city
„„ More than $10 million in Detroit tax payments
Conclusion
Detroit faces many challenges going forward, and overcoming these challenges
is important not just to the city, but to the entire state. Detroit is a large city with
significant issues that URC cannot simply solve. However, the URC is making a
big difference, and is helping Detroit build on its momentum. Some URC work
focuses on one resident or business at a time, such as WSU medical students
working to treat Detroit’s homeless population or the MSU Product Center working
with Detroit food entrepreneurs. Other work builds up Detroit organizations and
institutions—like how U-M’s Community Scholars program is developing a new
generation of neighborhood and city leaders. The URC’s impact is both personal
and broad, with the URC contributing more than $950 million in new economic
activity in the city and more than 11,000 jobs, and all three schools working to
improve teaching and learning in Detroit schools. The URC has a long history in
Detroit and is committed to helping the city achieve long-term success.
In 2015, the
URC’s economic
impact on Detroit
included:
$958 million in
new economic
activity
A total
contribution of
over 11,600 jobs
Over 28,000
students being
educated in the
city

Executive Summary | VI
Engaging Detroit
Over 8,000
faculty and
staff working in
Detroit
More than $10
million in Detroit
tax payments

Introduction
Overview
The URC ranks as one of the nation’s top university clusters and leads Michigan in
the areas of talent production, academic research, and economic development.
It enrolls more than 139,000 students and 629,000 URC alumni live in Michigan.
In 2014, the URC had an estimated $2.1 billion in research and development
expenditures (Rosaen and El-Kilani 2016).
Detroit is Michigan’s largest city. Long a manufacturing powerhouse, the city
has fallen on hard times. For decades, the city has seen a slow erosion of
its manufacturing base and its population, which has become increasingly
impoverished. Detroit’s struggles culminated with the city filing for bankruptcy in
2013.
Now that the bankruptcy has been successfully resolved, there is a new optimism
in the city. While the challenges of the city remain profound, signs of revitalization
have now taken a firmer hold. Thousands of new workers have relocated from the
suburbs to downtown. Apartments in Midtown are close to full occupancy. New
retail options are appearing, and the city is once again viewed as a good location
to start a business.
The URC has deep ties to Detroit. WSU is the only major research university
entirely located in the city, anchoring the Midtown area. Each day, it brings
thousands of faculty, staff, and students into the city. Its work to improve public
safety around campus and encourage students and staff to live in Midtown has
revitalized the area—crime in the area is down, and WSU is recognized as one of
the 50 safest large campuses in the United States (Archambault 2016). WSU is
helping to rebuild Detroit’s entrepreneurial climate and business base with efforts
like TechTown and the Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio). U-M and MSU also
have a physical presence in Midtown and are engaged with Detroiters across
the city. All three schools are working to improve the delivery of public education
in Detroit; all three assist current city leaders and have programs to develop the
leaders of the future; and all are working to rebuild the entrepreneurial climate that
once built Detroit into an economic powerhouse in the early 20th
century.
While Detroit has struggled, it remains a city with outstanding cultural,
entertainment, and sporting opportunities. Its rich history and diverse population,
its strong business core, and an emerging startup culture are all assets valued
by URC students and staff who want access to the benefits that a big city can
bring. As the revitalization continues to take hold, Detroit is becoming increasingly
attractive to young professionals who sense opportunities in Detroit that they
cannot find in other cities.
The Importance of Detroit to Michigan’s Future
It is impossible to overstate the pivotal role Detroit plays in Michigan’s economic
future. Cities are the key driver of future economic growth and prosperity. Young,
highly educated workers, innovators and entrepreneurs alike want to live and
work in vibrant cities. Companies will locate in areas where they have access
to a talented workforce. Talented individuals want to live in thriving cities, and
Michigan needs Detroit to thrive so it will once again become an excellent center
of innovation.
> Continued on pg. 3

Introduction | 2
Engaging Detroit
ore than a pleasant
distraction, music is
important to children.
Listening to it and creating it makes
life richer, and research shows that
music benefits child development
and academic achievement (Catterall
2014). But in the city that gave the
world the Motown sound, exposure to
music isn’t a given—schools facing
budget pressure often cut art and
music programs. Many low-income
families cannot provide access to
music education for their children.
The MSU Community Music School-
Detroit (CMS-D) helps bring music to
children and families close to where
they live, providing high-quality,
affordable music education and music
therapy clinical services. Enrollment
has been growing rapidly since the
program began in the 2009–2010
academic year. In 2014–2015, 983
people enrolled in onsite classes and
camps, with an additional 214 children
participating in free offsite sessions.
The program provides
subsidized music lessons
so low-income families can
pay $5.00 or less per weekly
lesson. Students can use
instruments at no charge
through CMS-D’s “Lonely
Instruments in Need of Kids”
program.
Angela Bowen brings her 11-year-
old son, Ronald, to CMS-D for music
lessons. “The Community Music School
has been an amazing program for
my family,” she said. Her oldest son,
Anthony, also took lessons there and
is now a freshman at MSU thanks to
his experience with the CMS-D Jazz
Camp.
“Not only are the lessons affordable,
but you can borrow the instruments
for free,” said Ms. Bowen. “This has
allowed my younger son to learn a
number of different instruments.”
Ronald has learned to play the trumpet,
saxophone, and guitar through CMS-D.
Programs such as Early Childhood
Music and Pre-Aspiring Musicians
expose younger children to music.
The Aspiring Musician Program
provides one-hour group lessons for
most instruments, and lessons include
ensemble playing, music theory, and
history. For teens, Spartan Youth Jazz
M
MSU Community
Music School—Detroit
Report Stories
is taught by highly regarded local jazz
artists. The MSU Community Music
School-Detroit also offers summer
day camps and bands for adults and
mature teens.
More recently, CMS-D has formed a
partnership with the Marshall Mathers
Foundation—established by the
rapper better known as Eminem—
and Dearborn-based work apparel
manufacturer Carhartt. Called Verses,
the program is reaching out to Detroit
students aged 12 to 15 to develop
literacy through words and song. The
program, free to those accepted, helps
students learn the arts of songwriting,
composing, performing, wordsmithing,
mixing, and recording using the latest
technology.

Detroit is Michigan’s best shot at having a world-class city with the talent
to match—the type of talent that will make Michigan a top state for income
growth, economic development, and job creation. While other Michigan cities
are important economic hubs, Detroit is different because of its scale. With a
population close to 700,000, Detroit is more than 3.5 times more populated than
Michigan’s second largest city, Grand Rapids. Approximately 40 percent of
Michigan’s population is located in the city and the surrounding metropolitan area.
Home to more than 115,000 schoolchildren, Detroit also holds a crucial role in
developing the state’s workforce (Coalition for the Future of Detroit Schoolchildren
2015). These children represent more than 7 percent of the state’s future workers.
Educational success in Detroit will be pivotal to ensuring that Michigan has the
workforce it needs to grow in the future.
Role of the URC in Detroit’s Revival
The URC has a long-standing relationship with the city and is an important partner
in its revival. Its extensive economic activity contributes more than 11,600 jobs
and more than $958 million to Detroit’s economy, which is helping to support the
city’s resurgence.
This contribution reaches beyond jobs and economic activity, however. The URC
engages with Detroit and its residents in hundreds of ways. In education, there are
programs aimed at helping teachers and administrators and programs that work
directly with Detroit students. In health care, the URC does cutting-edge research
and delivers care directly to city residents. The URC operates community building
programs that train residents to be community leaders and organizers. Detroit is
a big city with big problems that the URC cannot simply fix. However, the URC
is leveraging the efforts of Detroiters who are working to fix the city themselves;
sometimes one person, one block, or one neighborhood at a time, and sometimes
much more broadly. Through teaching and research, volunteer work, business
incubators, and many other efforts, the URC is working to help make Detroit once
again a great American city.
Report Outline
This report highlights the ways the URC and Detroit are engaged, and the
economic contribution the URC makes to the city. The report is organized into the
following sections:
„„ Detroit, Its Institutions, and Why They Matter—Discusses Detroit’s history,
where it currently stands on its road to recovery, and how universities can
help revitalize urban areas
„„ URC Research and Engagement—Explores the hundreds of ways the URC
and the city are engaged
„„ URC’s Detroit Economic Impact—Highlights the important economic
contribution the URC makes to Detroit’s economy
Detroit Stories
Throughout this report, we have included specific, in-depth looks at some of the
URC’s work in Detroit. These vignettes help illustrate the true impact of the URC’s
engagement efforts in a way that a simple cataloging of programs cannot.

Introduction | 4
Engaging Detroit
hile thousands of people
have exited the city of
Detroit, thousands have
also stayed. Those who remain often
have a strong commitment to bringing
the city back to life.
“I have an investment in the
city,” said James Thomas,
Morningside neighborhood
resident, minister, and
entrepreneur. “My heart is
in the city. I want to leave a
legacy for my children and
my children’s children.”
Dana Hart, who lives in the Northend
and is board chair of the Northend
Christian Community Development
Corporation, worries that if she doesn’t
learn about real estate investing, many
in her community might be priced out
of the market, given its proximity to
downtown and Midtown.
Opportunities are everywhere in Detroit.
You just need to know where to look,
and more importantly, how to seize
them. Peter Allen, a lecturer at U-M’s
Ross School of Business and Taubman
College of Architecture and Urban
Planning, as well as a full-time real
estate developer, is helping residents
reclaim their city. He is volunteering his
time to teach Detroiters how to buy and
fix abandoned homes, and rent them.
It’s a strategy for long-term growth and
community stability.
Allen calls Detroit “one of the most
undervalued big cities in the world,
with billions of dollars of real estate
opportunity.” But this isn’t a “get rich
quick” scheme. It’s a grassroots effort
to bring back neighborhoods and
provide residents with the tools they
need to wisely invest in their city.
“I’m going to help you not just buy
and sell your house one day, but learn
how to help build a lively, walkable
neighborhood,” Allen told his students.
The classes are filled with Detroit
residents eager to learn and invest
in their community. They target six
Detroit neighborhoods that are part
of the Skillman Foundation’s Good
Neighborhoods program: Brightmoor,
Chadsey-Condon, Cody Rouge,
Northend Central Woodward, Osborn,
and Southwest Detroit.
“Skillman is making money available
for home improvements, so we are
working to marry those efforts,” said
W
Revitalizing Detroit Neighborhoods,
One House at a Time
Sonia Harb, project manager at the
U-M School of Social Work’s Technical
Assistance Center.
With guidance from Allen and three
former U-M students who act as
mentors, the Detroit courses walk
residents through the development and
financing options for a rehab strategy,
using real-life examples and scenarios.
The first class’s final project focused on
a house that a class member already
had purchased and was interested
in remodeling for a rental unit. The
second session investigated a potential
mixed-use development investment.
The class members are excited to put
into practice what they have learned,
and classes will continue this year.
Report Stories

Detroit, Its Institutions, and
Why They Matter
Overview
Detroit’s motto could not be more fitting. Although it originally spoke of the city’s
hopes following an 1805 fire that nearly destroyed it entirely, the motto seems
particularly well suited for a great American city that is being reborn after falling
on very hard economic times. Detroit still faces significant challenges. Much of its
population is impoverished, much of the land in the city is vacant, and the city’s
recovery is nascent. But there is no denying the change occurring in the city.
There is a growing sense of optimism. Long-vacant downtown office buildings
have new tenants. Talented young people are moving into the city, bringing
new energy to the downtown area, as well as neighborhoods like Midtown and
Corktown. There are stories of people moving from Brooklyn to Detroit to take
advantage of the city’s low cost, urban vibe, and the sense of getting in on the
ground floor of an economic and urban resurgence (Conlin 2015).
Industrial Beginnings
Detroit was founded as a fur trading outpost, but it is manufacturing, not fur
trading, that has defined Detroit on a global level. The start of the 20th
century
saw an explosion of creative energy, talent, and production that accompanied
the birth of the auto industry. The innovation and prosperity that surrounded the
development of the auto industry is in some ways similar to what we see in Silicon
Valley today (Cohen 2013).
The rapid growth of the auto industry fueled tremendous growth in the population
of Detroit, as people came from all over the country and world to work at high-
paying jobs. Between 1910 and 1930, Detroit’s population grew by more than
1.1 million, remarkable growth of roughly 50,000 new residents per year for 20
consecutive years. Detroit’s population, which was 12 percent of Michigan’s total
population in 1900, rose to roughly 32 percent of Michigan’s population by 1930.
This peaked in 1950 at 1.8 million residents, making Detroit the fifth largest city in
the United States (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1998).
URC Presence
WSU is a major research university located in Midtown. Its roots are traced
back to the School of Medicine, which was originally founded in 1868 as the
Detroit Medical College, and united with other schools and colleges to form
Wayne State University in 1934. In 2014, WSU had 27,578 students (18,347
undergraduates, 7,201 graduate students, and 2,030 professional students).
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching classifies WSU as an
RU/VH (research university, very high research activity); all three URC schools
have a Carnegie community engagement classification signifying the sharing of
knowledge and resources and collaboration with the surrounding community.1
WSU is also a member of the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities. Coalition
members are working to develop innovative solutions for the communities in which
they are based.
1
MSU and WSU, and U-M Dearborn have this classification for 2015. U-M Flint and U-M Ann
Arbor have been recognized with this classification in prior years.
Speramus meliora;
resurget cineribus
“We hope for better things;
it will arise from the ashes.”
— City of Detroit motto

Detroit, Its Institutions, and Why They Matter | 6
Engaging Detroit
WSU has 13 schools and colleges, offers more than 380 academic programs, and
has more than 2,700 faculty members. Its main campus has 94 buildings spread
over 169 acres, and its medical campus has 10 buildings covering 25 acres. Main
campus buildings cover more than 10.8 million gross square feet. TechTown, a
WSU-affiliated nonprofit business incubator and accelerator, covers 12 blocks and
43 acres. WSU’s six residence halls and apartment complexes house nearly 3,000
students. Although the vast majority of its teaching and research occur in Detroit,
WSU also has extension centers in Warren, Harper Woods, Clinton Township,
Farmington Hills, and Livonia (WSU 2015).
WSU recently completed its Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), a
207,000-square-foot facility that features wet and dry laboratories, faculty and
common areas, and clinical space. The facility is dedicated to eliminating the
health disparities experienced in the city. It will house faculty with expertise
in environmental sciences, bio and systems engineering, and other health
disciplines. It is strategically located near TechTown to help the facility move new
technologies from the laboratory to the public (WSU 2016b).
U-M was founded in Detroit in 1817, although the university moved to Ann Arbor
shortly thereafter. Both U-M and MSU have a physical presence in the city.
Since 1917, MSU Extension has been serving the people of Detroit. Founded in
2005, U-M’s Detroit Center is a 26,000-square-foot facility located on Woodward
Avenue. The facility serves as a hub for students and faculty working in Detroit
and provides space for meetings, lectures, and exhibitions. MSU’s Detroit Center,
founded in 2009, is located in Midtown in a 22,000-square-foot facility. This facility
also serves as the hub for students and faculty working in the city, houses the
MSU’s Community Music School-Detroit, and serves as an important base for
College of Education staff and students working with Detroit schools.
EXHIBIT 1. Population of Detroit
Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
1900
285,704
465,766
993,078
1,568,661
1,623,452
1,849,568
1,670,144
1,511,482
1,203,339
1,027,974
951,270
713,862
680,250
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014

Detroit’s Decline
Detroit’s population peaked in 1950. Widespread car ownership and better roads
made it easier for workers to live farther from factories, and better transportation
systems and lower transportation costs allowed manufacturing facilities to be
located farther apart from one another, and made it easier to operate outside of
high-cost urban centers. As a result, after 1950 Detroit, like many U.S. cities, saw
both its population and its manufacturing base moving to the suburbs. Over the
next 40 years, Detroit lost roughly 1 million residents.
The decline in manufacturing jobs that started in 1950 continued into the 21st
century, and Detroit’s remaining population became increasingly impoverished.
In 2008, just 55 percent of Detroit’s population was in the labor force, compared
to 64 percent for Michigan as a whole. Per-capita income was just 59 percent
of Michigan’s and approximately one in three residents lived in households with
income below the federal poverty line. The population exodus left Detroit with
many vacant and abandoned houses. There were an estimated 81,754 vacant
housing units, 22 percent of the housing stock, in 2008 (Citizens Research Council
of Michigan 2010). The median sale price of a house in Detroit in 2009 was just
$7,000 (Gopal 2009).
As might be imagined, the population loss and rise in poverty led to severe fiscal
pressure on city government. This pressure was exacerbated by significant cuts
in revenue sharing payments from the state to the city and by poor financial
management. Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection in December 2013.
The city could no longer provide the services needed for the health and safety of
its residents, while meeting all of its legacy financial obligations.
Recovery
Detroit’s bankruptcy was difficult and painful, but it gave the city a fresh start.
Crushing debt and legacy costs were greatly scaled back, and the City is
projecting that it will run a small budget surplus in 2015 (Dolan 2015).2
The
bankruptcy was well timed with the start of a municipal economic revitalization.
For a while in the second half of the 20th
century, cities appeared to be declining in
importance—reductions in transportation costs and improvements in technology
seemed to diminish the importance of people and businesses living in close
proximity to one another. Between 1960 and 1980, the share of the U.S. population
living in cities was falling. However, that trend has now reversed and cities are
again attracting workers and businesses. This attraction is due in part to the
productivity gains cities can provide. In Making Cities Work, Robert Inman (2009)
describes this phenomenon this way: “…new technologies have made cities even
more attractive places for work and play. Efficient production in the new economy
seems to require more, not fewer, personal interactions….The recent evidence
suggests that most of the benefits of proximity are realized within one mile or less.”
Although Detroit is still losing people, there are signs that the population is
beginning to stabilize. Some neighborhoods are gaining residents, and demand
for rental units far exceeds supply in the neighborhoods of Midtown, Corktown,
and downtown (Reindl and Gallagher 2014). Many neighborhoods face significant
struggles and continue to lose population, but the revitalization of these three
neighborhoods is an important first step.
2
As of February 2016, Detroit had not yet published its official financial statements for FY
2015.

Engaging Detroit
tudies have documented disparities in disease
occurrence and health outcomes among non-white
and economically disadvantaged populations,
including higher death rates from cardiovascular disease
and greater incidence of diabetes, asthma and obesity.
These disparities are often acute in urban areas, and Detroit
is no exception.
Wayne State University has been working to address these
disparities through its research and community engagement
for many years. Researchers such as Dr. Sylvie Naar-
King, Dr. Phillip Levy and Dr. Julie Gleason-Comstock
have focused much of their work on addressing behavior
change, illness management, better patient screening and
hospital discharge procedures to address asthma, obesity,
hypertension and heart failure rates among Detroit residents.
The university’s most recent investment in addressing health
disparities in Detroit is the new Integrative Biosciences
Center (IBio).
The $93 million facility, located in Midtown on
a previously abandoned 2.7-acre city block,
is Wayne State’s largest construction project
to date.
The building includes laboratories, faculty offices, common
areas, a clinical research center, Henry Ford Health System’s
bone and joint research program and biomechanics
motion laboratory, and the Center for Urban Responses to
Environmental Stressors. The building’s open design fosters
collaboration among researchers, and was constructed
to minimize environmental impact. It has achieved a
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
silver rating.
IBio houses faculty researchers who are searching for ways
to eliminate health disparities in the surrounding community.
In addition to the researchers already at work, Wayne State
plans to recruit more than 30 new faculty members from
around the country for research and community engagement
programs at IBio. The university estimates that IBio will bring
in nearly $40 million of new earnings annually in Michigan, 98
percent of which will be in metropolitan Detroit.
S
Addressing Health Disparities in Detroit:
Wayne State University’s IBio Center
Wayne State recognizes the importance of locating a
research facility of this magnitude within the community it
serves. According to Vice President of Research Stephen
Lanier, “IBio was designed not only to give researchers
world-class lab space but, more importantly, to engage
broadly with the communities that we serve through
prevention, education and partnering”.
The hope is that the discoveries made at IBio can be applied
not only to the surrounding Detroit community, but other
urban areas as well.
“Rarely does a university get to live its vision and mission
on a scale of this magnitude,” said Wayne State University
President M. Roy Wilson. “The Integrative Biosciences
Center embodies what it means to be a public, urban
research university — creating and sharing knowledge
that contributes immensely to improving the quality of life
for its surrounding community. Research conducted in this
center will also have important applications in other urban
communities around the world.”
Report Stories

Businesses are starting to view Detroit as an important place to invest as well. The
return to Detroit began in 2003 when Compuware moved its headquarters from
Farmington Hills to Detroit. Quicken Loans followed suit in 2010 (Rietow 2014). The
Quicken Family of Companies now employs more than 8,000 workers in the city.
Blue Cross Blue Shield moved 3,000 workers to downtown from Southfield in 2012.
Since 2006, an estimated $6 billion worth of real estate projects have been built in
the greater downtown area (Haglund 2013).
The Role of Universities in Urban Revitalization
Overview
While Detroit’s recovery and revitalization is underway, it is still early in the
process. The URC will be a key partner to the city as this revitalization continues
to unfold. Substantial literature confirms the role of universities as anchor
institutions and the impacts urban universities have had in revitalizing urban areas
surrounding their campuses. Universities make neighborhoods safe and vibrant,
lead important community initiatives, and help
to attract restaurants and retail. They assist
with community planning. And of course,
university spending makes an important
contribution to the economies of cities. CEOs
for Cities and Initiative for a Competitive Inner
City (ICIC) completed a study 15 years ago
that showed that the nation’s then-1,900 urban-
core universities spent almost $140 billion on
salaries, goods, and services a year—nine
times the federal direct spending in urban
areas (ICIC and CEOs for Cities 2000). As
urban universities have increased their level
of engagement with cities over the last two
decades, this economic impact has likely
increased.
As important as universities are for urban
revitalization, safe urban neighborhoods,
restaurants, retail, nightlife, and the rich
cultural opportunities cities provide make it
easier for universities to attract students and
top faculty.
There are several good examples of successful engagement by universities
in urban revitalization across the United States, including University of New
Orleans/Tulane University (New Orleans), Arizona State University (Phoenix),
Syracuse University (Syracuse), University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), Harvard
University (Boston), University of Pittsburgh/Carnegie Mellon (Pittsburgh), Ohio
State University (Columbus), and Duke University (Durham), to name a few.
Many of the examples studied are large urban areas that have experienced
significant decline in the second half of the 20th
century—particularly former
industrial cities along the east coast or Midwest. While these universities’
investments in revitalization have generally been focused on their host cities, there
are many ways these revitalization efforts mirror how the URC is currently engaged
in Detroit.
Photograph by Lars Kjølhede Christensen, Flickr.

Engaging Detroit
n attractive flower garden sits where vacant houses
once stood, replacing blight with beauty for the
entire community to enjoy. What appears to be a
neighborhood beautification project is actually much more.
It’s an effort to utilize available resources to help manage
the city’s stormwater.
Utilizing research conducted by researchers at U-M,
UM-Dearborn, and WSU, U-M faculty and partners are
conducting a pilot project that turns vacant land into
neighborhood bioretention gardens designed to capture
and hold stormwater, while also beautifying the Cody Rouge
neighborhood. The four bioretention gardens were built
where the basements of demolished houses once were.
The vacant basements were excavated and redesigned to
accommodate drainage pipes, stone and gravel topped
with soil, and beautiful shrubs and flowers to create a
system that captures stormwater from the street.
During periods of heavy rain, Detroit’s sewer system can
become overtaxed, forcing the release of stormwater and
sewage into waterways. These innovative gardens help to
absorb excess stormwater and allow it to slowly soak back
into the ground, reducing the pressure on the sewer system
and helping to keep neighborhood streets clear.
The project demonstrates how vacant properties can
become green infrastructure that enhances neighborhood
quality of life, while improving water quality in the Detroit
River and the Great Lakes, said project leader Joan Iverson
Nassauer, a professor of landscape architecture at the U-M
School of Natural Resources and Environment.
The first bioretention gardens took physical shape in summer
2015, with many contributors to the project’s development
and construction, including the Detroit Water and Sewerage
Department; the Detroit Land Bank Authority; the Cody Rouge
Community Action Alliance; the Warrendale Community
Organization, Tetra Tech, and Tooles Contracting Group.
“I am overjoyed when I look at these projects and think
about what they’re doing,” said Palencia Mobley, deputy
director/chief engineer at the Detroit Water and Sewerage
Department. “One thing that we have in this city is land…
being able to make that land productive is going to be an
amazing benefit for us in the future.”
A three-year Erb Family Foundation grant to the U-M
Water Center is allowing Nassauer’s team to assess the
performance of the Warrendale bioretention gardens,
monitor the acceptance and understanding of those
structures by neighborhood residents, and develop new
green infrastructure design concepts tailored specifically for
use in Detroit. Researchers hope these gardens can inspire
similar projects in other neighborhoods and cities.
“I do think these projects have the ability to
inspire hope,” Mobley said.“They reinforce a
message to residents: We haven’t forgotten
about you. You’re important. You matter.”
A
Beyond Beautification
Report Stories
University of Michigan/SNRE.

Overarching Findings
Universities have varied approaches for engaging with their communities on
urban economic revitalization. There is a primary distinction between university
engagement that is led by academic parts of the universities (i.e., departments
and faculty) versus engagement that is led by the highest levels of university
administration (i.e., president or provost). There are also differences in the types
of investment or engagement, including those universities that have predominately
focused on real estate and infrastructure investments, and those focused on
both physical and social changes in their cities. There have been successes with
each of these approaches, but three universities we examined in greater depth—
Syracuse University, Ohio State University, and University of Pennsylvania—all
had strong and active support from their respective leaders, and have invested in
both infrastructure and social programs in tackling urban revitalization.
In evaluating the experiences of these universities, some common themes emerged:
„„ Leadership matters. Notable past leaders Ohio State President Gordon
Gee, Syracuse’s Chancellor Nancy Cantor, and University of Pennsylvania’s
President Judith Rodin played vital and strong leadership roles in setting
the agenda for university engagement with their communities. Each set
the direction and tone for the entire university, and ensured that university
resources (purchasing, real estate, research, and outreach) were allocated
to revitalization efforts. In each case, they created or appointed a high-
level administrative coordinator to implement the university’s economic
development strategy.
„„ Building trust is essential. “Town and gown” relationship issues between
universities and their host cities have been historically common and are
well documented. The reasons for these tensions are numerous, and both
universities and cities play a role in these issues. However, beginning in the
1980s, university officials began to better understand that their institutions’
fates were strongly tied to the economic health of their surrounding
city. With this recognition, university leadership in Syracuse, Columbus,
and Philadelphia focused their early engagement efforts on substantive
community engagement in order to overcome distrust associated with past
actions (e.g., expansion efforts that displaced residents or holding vacant real
estate that contributed to blight).
„„ Cities (and neighborhoods) must be willing to strategically partner on
planning and economic development. In these three successful models,
each city’s leadership was willing to be an active part of the collaboration,
dedicate resources where they could, change planning and zoning
requirements where necessary, be open to bold ideas, and work at all staff
levels to implement joint strategies for economic development and urban
renewal. For these universities to feel comfortable with major investments in
their city’s economic development, they needed to see that their host city was
willing to focus their resources and attention as well.
„„ Universities should leverage their significant purchasing power.
Universities that have changed their purchasing policies to prioritize local
spending—including the three we examined for this analysis—have infused
their local communities with significant economic activity. The result has been
job and business growth, as well as business attraction, in the surrounding
cities and neighborhoods. When coupled with job training and entrepreneurial
support, there has been even greater economic and social impact.

Engaging Detroit
„„ Investing in physical and infrastructure changes is great, but investing
in social change as well is even better. In all three cities, the universities
not only collaborated with the cities to invest in real estate redevelopment,
placemaking improvements (e.g., façade upgrades, recreational offerings,
public art), they have also had significant engagement by academic
departments and individual faculty members on social welfare and health
improvements, including community programs, educational improvements,
housing incentives, and job training programs.
The URC’s Role in Detroit’s Recovery
The URC engagement in Detroit follows this framework. Institutional leadership
at URC universities has set the direction for engagement in the city that builds
community trust through a responsible approach that emphasizes partnered
activities with resident organizations and leaders. The URC universities recognize
their local impact through their collective purchasing power and investments in
infrastructure improvements.
The revitalization of Detroit is built directly into WSU’s strategic plan, which states
“through its commitment to research and community engagement, Wayne State
will continue to be recognized as a leader in Detroit’s revitalization and will grow
its reputation for understanding and addressing urban challenges” (WSU 2016i).
URC efforts similar to the ones undertaken in these three examples are detailed
throughout this report. Public safety in Midtown has been greatly improved
through WSU’s efforts, such as the expanded capacity of WSU police department.
WSU has invested $3 million into the QLine project, a public-private partnership
building a modern 3.3 mile streetcar circulator system running along Woodward
Avenue, connecting the Central Business District, Midtown, New Center and North
End and enabling population and economic growth in adjacent neighborhoods.
WSU joined the Detroit Medical Center and Henry Ford Hospital in the Live
Midtown program, which provided their employees with rental and down payment
assistance. The program has attracted and retained more than 2,000 residents
since 2011. WSU also has more than 3,000 students living on campus in
residence halls and apartments. Improved safety, intentional efforts to attract and
support local businesses, and the increase in Midtown’s population has helped to
spur the development of the area’s retail sector.
The URC is building the future leadership of Detroit through programs such
as WSU’s Detroit Revitalization Fellows, U-M’s David Bohnett Public Service
Fellowships, and MSU Extension. WSU’s Detroit Orientation Institute teaches
business leaders and others more about the city. The URC trains residents
to be community organizers, policymakers, and organization managers and
administrators. URC students volunteer throughout the city helping the city and
Detroiters in thousands of ways.
The URC is helping to rebuild Detroit’s economy through efforts like MSU’s
Product Center, WSU’s TechTown, Blackstone LaunchPad, and the partnership
with the Lightweight Innovations for Tomorrow (LIFT). URC students intern at
Detroit businesses and provide consulting services to startups and nonprofits.
University spending in Detroit and the spending of employees and students also
makes a significant economic contribution.
Improving Detroit’s schools is an important next step in the revitalization efforts,
and all three universities are deeply engaged in these efforts, working to improve
teaching and learning, and provide programming to help Detroit students
successfully transition to postsecondary learning opportunities.

URC Research and
Engagement
Research Activity
MSU, U-M, and WSU are all internationally recognized research institutions. The
URC conducted $10.2 billion in research and development from 2010 to 2014,
according to a URC analysis of NSF HERD Survey data. Analyzing 33,960 active
research grants during this five-year period, we identified a significant number of
URC research conducted on Detroit-centric topics. This research tends to blend
with engagement in the city. Faculty doing research in education, urban planning,
social work, and public health all apply this research directly to the challenges
facing the city and its citizens.
Extensive medical research is conducted by the URC in Detroit and the URC
teaches medical students at Detroit hospitals. This medical teaching and
research provides Detroiters with access to cutting-edge care. For example, WSU
researchers at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute are developing new
ways to treat and cure cancers, providing patients with access to the latest, most
promising treatments.
Over the past five years (2010-2014), the URC conducted $263 million in Detroit-
centric research and outreach. Utilizing institutional awards data, we identified
off-campus research and outreach projects that were conducted in the city of
Detroit, and on-campus research focused on Detroit residents and issues, the
outcomes of which would impact the people of Detroit. Identified projects spanned
a diversity of disciplinary fields, and included medical research occurring within
the city. Research looking at Detroit and Detroit-centric topics represented 428
of these grants and $67 million in spending. Medical research represented 334
grants and $196 million in spending.
The research occurring is part of the larger engagement of the URC in the city.
Researchers studying how to improve urban education are actively working with
school leaders, teachers, and students. Researchers studying urban issues are
also helping the city plan for its future. They are helping to redesign and redevelop
neighborhoods and they are teaching Detroiters the skills that will help them
rebuild and organize neighborhoods. Medical students are providing needed care
to residents and working on broader initiatives to improve public health in the city.
For example, researchers from MSU contributed to a multi-disciplinary Detroit
team developing evidence-based solutions for rape kits. Their work helped
address a backlog, spurring changes at the local and state levels and creating
an effective system that can serve as a national model for other cities. WSU
faculty from the Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute studied low-income urban men
to identify strategies that help fathers bond with their babies in the early days of
the lives of their children. WSU researchers also collaborated with colleagues
from U-M and other universities to study the effects of racism as a contributing
factor preventing progress in lowering preterm birth and infant mortality among
black residents in Detroit. U-M researchers from the Population Studies Center
explored the extent to which job loss and parental loss or separation impacted
food security among children in low-income Detroit households, and how food
assistance program participation and access to a network of local food resources
acted as key moderators. And an MSU history professor whose research focuses
Over the
past five years
(2010–2014), the
URC conducted $263
million in Detroit-
centric research and
outreach

URC Research and Engagement | 14
Engaging Detroit
ndustrial production has been a cornerstone of
Detroit’s economy, but this production can create
challenging health issues. The city struggles with some
of the state’s highest rates of asthma and cardiovascular
disease. U-M’s School of Public Health is working with several
Detroit-based organizations to change that.
With a $2.8 million grant from the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
U-M public health researchers have
partnered with academic peers and Detroit
community organizations to form Community
Action to Promote Healthy Environments
(CAPHE), a collaborative initiative to help
improve air quality and resident health in
Detroit.
Using an approach that engages community and
academic partners together in all phases of the research
process, and building on 15 years of community-academic
research partnerships focused on health equity in Detroit,
CAPHE is gathering data to understand the factors
influencing air quality.
“Emissions in Detroit affect populations that are vulnerable,
including children and those with existing health issues,”
said Amy Schulz, professor of health behavior and health
education, who is a co-principal investigator.
Findings will spur recommendations for decreasing
Detroiters’ exposure to air pollutants and, thus, reducing
associated health risks. In January, CAPHE submitted
research findings to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
related to the Marathon Petroleum Company’s request
to increase sulfur dioxide emissions at its oil refinery in
Southwest Detroit. The nine-page document included 15
data-driven findings about the projected health impact of
increased emissions for Detroiters.
“Air pollution has long been a community concern in Detroit,”
said Guy Williams, president and CEO of Detroiters Working
for Environmental Justice and CAPHE Steering Committee
member. “We have coal combustion, incinerators, an oil
I
Air Quality
Report Stories
refinery, steel mills, truck traffic and other contributors that
impact air quality. These types of emissions are linked to
asthma, cardiovascular disease, and low birth weight, all of
which are dangerous to our health. I’m very glad to see some
of the team’s research already being used to help address
real-world public health problems in the city.”
In addition to driving policy change in Detroit, the
partnership’s collaborative research approach—and
forthcoming public health action plan—also will serve as a
model for similar communities across the U.S. The initiative
may also have broader environmental policy implications,
including recommendations for reducing exposure to
roadway pollutants that could impact the nearly 40 million
Americans living within 300 feet of a four-lane highway.
“This effort has been a long time coming,” said Angela Reyes,
executive director of the Detroit Hispanic Development
Corporation and CAPHE Steering Committee member. “It will
surely benefit our communities for years to come.”

on the history of Mexicans in the United States completed a documentary entitled
“Detroit Tenochtitlan,” which reflects upon the origins, history, and significance of
Rivera’s frescoes in Detroit, as well as the turmoil and adverse conditions faced by
Mexican/Latino families in the Great Lakes region during the Great Depression.
EXHIBIT 2. URC Detroit Research Grants (millions of $)
Grants
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2010–2014
Total
Detroit-centric
Research
428 $9.5 $13.5 $14.7 $14.3 $14.8 $66.8
Medical
Research
334 $36.0 $38.7 $37.4 $45.7 $38.7 $196.5
Total 762 $45.5 $52.2 $52.1 $60.0 $53.6 $263.3
Source: Grant data provided by the URC and PSC calculations.
Medical Research and Training in Detroit
The city of Detroit benefits greatly from URC medical school facilities. WSU’s
School of Medicine (SOM) is located in the city, and each year the SOM educates
more than 1,000 medical students and awards more than 400 master’s degrees
and Ph.Ds in basic science. The SOM works to improve the health of Detroiters in
a variety of ways. The SOM’s Center for Urban and African American Health seeks
“new ways to redress health disparities by identifying preventative strategies and
therapeutic approaches to chronic disease that affect this population, namely
obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.” In addition, WSU faculty provide
approximately $150 million in uncompensated care annually (WSU 2016c).
WSU’s SOM provides benefits not just to Detroit but the state as a whole. Nearly
40 percent of practicing physicians in Michigan received all or part of their training
at WSU (WSU 2016d). Nearly all SOM students are engaged in the community.
Outreach programs include volunteer work at free clinics, patient care for the
homeless, and mentorship programs in local neighborhoods (WSU 2016c).
We sought to
identify the big and
small ways that the
URC is engaged in
Detroit.
25 programs
related to the arts
73 community-
building
programs
41 community
service programs
95 programs
aimed at
improving
education
66 public health
programs
27 programs
aimed at
economic
revitalization

Engaging Detroit
MSU’s College of Osteopathic Medicine maintains a site at the Detroit Medical
Center (DMC), where each year more than 100 osteopathic medicine students
take their first and second year coursework. The college partners with Ben Carson
High School to mentor students, provides volunteers for human services programs
in the city, and works with the Community Health and Social Services Center
to provide health care access to underserved and uninsured populations. The
college also works with MSU’s College of Nursing at the DMC in an accelerated
second-degree BSN program. MSU’s College of Human Medicine Department of
Family Medicine is in the city researching the genetic effects of war trauma and
environmental exposure among refugees from Syria and Iraq. It also is working
with Wayne State to assess the environmental health, healthcare access and
obesity impact of the QLine light rail project in central Detroit.
Researchers from MSU and the University of Michigan Medical School have
partnered with medical colleagues from WSU and Detroit’s hospitals to conduct
clinical trials and research projects, a great number of which target identification
of causes for and potential solutions to remediate health disparities across diverse
populations.
The distance between medical research and improved care can be short. A
WSU SOM physician is using a successful rapid HIV-testing program as a model
for developing hepatitis C screening for patients entering Detroit Receiving
Hospital (WSU 2016e). The IBio Center at WSU has innovative technology and
collaborative spaces. The design of the facility increases collaboration between
researchers and clinicians. By increasing collaboration between researchers at
Henry Ford Hospital, the SOM, and WSU’s Main Campus, IBio will help to improve
the delivery of health care in Detroit (WSU 2016f).
Based in Midtown, the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute is a research
center dedicated to the prevention, early detection, treatment, and eventual
eradication of cancer. Karmanos is one of 45 cancer centers designated by the
National Cancer Institute. It provides care for approximately 12,000 patients each
year. Every Karmanos basic science researcher and clinician is a faculty member
of WSU’s SOM (Karmanos Cancer Institute 2016).
Karmanos is conducting more than 700 cancer-specific scientific investigation
programs and clinical trials, so Detroiters and other Michiganders have access
to the latest cancer treatments and cures. Karmanos emphasizes rapidly moving
treatments from the laboratory into patient care. The Institute has six cancer
workgroups, representing a collaboration between lab scientists and clinicians
who work with patients.
Training in emergency medicine is an important part of medical student education
at U-M. The emergency department is playing an increasingly larger role in the
evaluation and management of illness and injury. In addition, it provides students
with an environment in which they are exposed to a wide variety of pathology and
the opportunity to assess the undifferentiated patient. A number of U-M students
have arranged to rotate at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, along with other hospital
across metropolitan Detroit.
Detroit Engagement
The connection between the URC and Detroit is much greater than just jobs and
income, and far deeper than just teaching and research. The URC enhances
the lives of Detroiters by partnering with the city’s residents, institutions, and
government to advance the arts, enhance education, build neighborhoods,

improve public health, and aid in economic development. The URC works
directly with entrepreneurs, city government, neighborhood leaders, families, and
schoolchildren. It helps build leaders and strengthens neighborhoods. It helps
entrepreneurs take an idea and turn it into a thriving business. It teaches people
how to make their neighborhood safer. The URC’s students and faculty and the
people of Detroit make art and music together.
The connection to the city is clearly greatest for WSU, since it is located in the
city. However, U-M and MSU also have relatively easy access to the city. U-M’s
Dearborn campus is located just outside the city limits, and U-M runs a free bus
to Detroit from its Ann Arbor campus—the Detroit Connector that stops in Midtown
and downtown. Travel from MSU to Detroit is easy either by the Michigan Flyer, a
privately run bus, or a car ride. The ease of travel helps students feel a connection
with Detroit and access its big-city benefits.
While URC students travel to Detroit for entertainment, that is not the only reason
they come. Students engage in the city and with its people. Students volunteer
in schools, they clean parks, they help build communities. They intern at city
businesses and move to Detroit after graduation. Students recognize the dynamic
opportunities the city provides, and want to join the people of Detroit in rebuilding
the city into something great.
Faculty are engaged in the city as well. Research conducted in Detroit runs the
gamut from work to improve the education and learning in Detroit schools, to
ways to help children in foster care, to research at the Karmanos Cancer Institute.
Faculty and staff teach Detroiters how to lead and organize their community; how
to grow fresh fruits and vegetables; how to turn a great idea into a great business;
and how to buy and own their first home.
As part of our research, we sought to identify the big and small ways that the URC
is engaged in Detroit; we found more than 300 programs, and we are sure this
list is not exhaustive. With activities occurring all across the universities through
the work of students and faculty, it is impossible to track everything. However,
we did identify enough activities to paint a picture of URC and city engagement.
In the pages that follow, we provide some additional detail on these activities to
help illustrate the many fronts upon which the city and URC have become strong
partners. The full list of activities is available on the URC’s website, urcmich.org.
These programs include:3
„„ 25 programs related to the arts
„„ 27 programs aimed at economic revitalization
„„ 73 community-building programs, including programs aimed at strengthening
neighborhoods and developing city leaders
„„ 41 community service programs
„„ 95 programs aimed at improving the delivery of education in Detroit
„„ 66 public health programs
3
Many of these programs cross categories. For example, URC students volunteering to
teach art to Detroit schoolchildren could be classified as art, education, or community ser-
vice. To avoid double counting, each program was placed in just one category; by necessi-
ty, this categorization involved some subjectivity.

Engaging Detroit
or more than 100 years, MSU
Extension has been applying
cutting-edge research to
help better the lives of residents in
every corner of Michigan. Originally
recognized for its contributions to rural
communities, MSU Extension also has
been making a difference in the lives of
people in urban communities.
Through adaptation of traditional
services, MSU Extension provides
a number of educational programs
uniquely tailored to children and adults
living in Detroit’s neighborhoods,
and maintains a satellite office at the
popular Eastern Market.
“The Wayne County MSU Extension
office develops programs to reach
families in a very direct way through
education and exposure,” District
Coordinator Richard Wooten said.
For example, it offers courses that
help people learn how to grow and
buy nutritious food, improve financial
literacy, and even cope with stress.
Generations of Detroit youth have
been exposed to gardening,
cooking, camping, fishing and other
traditional 4-H activities, as well as
more contemporary skills including
leadership development, robotics, and
science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) education.
Detroit Zoning Board of Appeals
Director James Ribbron is a former St.
Clair County Extension educator who
grew up near the historic 4-H Center
in Detroit’s north end. He was active
in 4-H from the time he was 13 and
credits the 4-H Center with keeping him
off the streets, exposing him to higher
education, endowing him with a deep
commitment to serve his community,
and teaching him to lead.
F
Crossroads of Rural and Urban:
MSU Extension & the MSU Product Center
Report Stories
“Living in Detroit, I’ve seen the ups
and downs. Now I have a seat at the
leadership table. It is hard work at the
table, but you can never give up. This
is my home and I see the opportunities
for Detroit if we recognize our collective
resources and work together,” he said.
As the city works to eliminate
neighborhood “food deserts” and
rebuild its business base, it is looking
to food entrepreneurs to help fill the
gap. The MSU Product Center, another
statewide MSU program associated
with MSU Extension offers one-on-
one business counseling and other
resources to assist food entrepreneurs
commercialize, produce, package, and
distribute their products.
It has held almost 2,000
counseling sessions in
Detroit with more than 350
entrepreneurs, helping to
create more than 100 jobs
and supporting more than
$11 million in investments.
Product Center client Nailah Ellis-Brown
of Ellis Island Tropical Tea represents
one entrepreneurial success story.
She started out selling tea made with
her grandfather’s secret recipe from
the back of her car. With the help of
the MSU Product Center, she now
sells her tea at upscale grocery stores
throughout the Midwest.
“They gave me that push to become a
‘real business’ for lack of better words,
because when I came to them I was an
out-of-my-trunk business and now we’re
getting ready to be national,” she said.
G. L. Kohuth, MSU.

Community Building
Detroit has lost more than one million people since 1950. This population loss,
coupled with the steep decline in employment opportunities, has had a staggering
impact on many neighborhoods. These once-vibrant neighborhoods now
struggle with vacant houses and high crime rates, and the city’s revitalization is
dependent on the revitalization of these communities. One of the best examples
of neighborhood revitalization is the work WSU has done in Midtown, which had a
long history as a blighted and high-crime community. That has changed, however,
in large part due to the public safety measures that WSU has implemented around
its campus.
WSU’s police department provides security for the Midtown area providing
rapid response times, high-tech security cameras, and a data-driven approach
to fighting crime. This approach, called CompStat, is deployed in partnership
with WSU’s Center for Urban Studies to give officers the ability to visualize crime
patterns and do in-depth analysis to develop effective public safety strategies. In
addition to leveraging triangulated data to identify hot spots for crime, CompStat
engages key stakeholders in weekly meetings, including representatives from
WSU, AmeriCorps, local libraries, and private companies. These stakeholders
meet to map crimes that have occurred and to develop strategies to help prevent
future crimes. From 2008 to 2015, overall crime is down 54 percent in Midtown,
and predatory crime including robbery, larceny-auto and auto theft is down 68
percent (WSU Police Midtown CompStat Report – 2008-2015).
In cities, development follows safety and Midtown is no exception. Businesses
and residents have flocked to the area. The residential occupancy rate is now
more than 97 percent, and young urban professionals consider Midtown a prime
residential location (Cowley 2015). Retail establishments, including restaurants,
book and record stores, clothing boutiques, and art galleries, have flourished.
WSU’s transition from a commuter school to a 24-hour campus was also pivotal
in the revival of Midtown. WSU opened its first residence hall in 2002, and it has
since opened two more, putting in place more than 1,800 dorm slots for students.
WSU has made living in Midtown so popular that it now has a 400-person waiting
list for apartments and a 150-person waiting list for residence halls. The addition
of thousands of students who remain in Midtown after hours has gone a long way
toward revitalizing the neighborhood (Galbraith MJ 2016).
Midtown is obviously a special case, since WSU is physically located in the
community. WSU was able to make changes in Midtown that the URC cannot
make in other neighborhoods. Rebuilding these neighborhoods will take strong
city leadership and engaged citizens, and the URC has programs designed to
meet these needs.
Programs aimed at strengthening city leadership include:
„„ The David Bohnett Public Service Fellowship—This U-M Ford School of Public
Policy program embeds top graduate students with an interest in urban policy
and the revitalization of Detroit in the mayor’s office and the Detroit Economic
Growth Corporation (U-M 2016).
„„ Detroit Revitalization Fellows—This WSU program places mid-career
professionals in two-year, full-time positions with organizations working to
revitalize the city. Fellows also participate in extensive leadership training. Nearly
75 Fellows have participated in the program since its launch in 2011 (WSU 2016).
Programs aimed at
strengthening city
leadership include:
The David Bohnett
Public Service
Fellowship
Detroit Revitalization
Fellows
MSU Extension Center
for Local Government
Finance and Policy > Continued on pg. 21

Engaging Detroit
very Wednesday from June to October, Wayne
State University students, faculty and nearby
residents look out over a sea of fresh produce —
ripe tomatoes, fresh berries, greens, carrots, potatoes and
melons — grown on campus and by local farmers. SEED
Wayne, founded in 2008, runs this weekly farmers market on
Wayne State’s Midtown Detroit campus. It is one of several
programs SEED offers to improve access for local Detroiters
to healthy, fresh food.
The farmers market has been in operation since 2008. Each
year, the program solicits Detroit area vendors to participate,
including prepared food vendors like Avalon Bakery,
Russell Street Deli, Brooklyn Street Local and Sweet Potato
Sensations. Vendors accept cash, WIC Project FRESH and
Senior Market FRESH benefits, and Bridge Card (the market
matches Bridge Card benefits with Double Up Food Bucks).
SEED Wayne partners with Gleaners Community Food Bank
to sponsor a van that brings residents from several senior
housing sites in the city to the market to shop for fresh
produce.
“The farmers market environment facilitates
bonds within the community that create a
sense of ownership. I volunteer with SEED
Wayne because I believe it will encourage
the development and well-being of our
community.”
—Freya Kniaz, Wayne State student
In addition to the farmers market, SEED Wayne leads several
other on- and off-campus local food systems efforts. On
campus, SEED has three gardens, which produce fruit,
vegetables and herbs that are given to food assistance
programs or sold at the farmers market. SEED Wayne
also runs a food composting program for Wayne State’s
cafeterias and dormitories. Director Kami Pothukuchi is
committed to connecting university research and education
in order to improve people’s knowledge of local food
systems and healthy eating. The program hosts workshops
and lectures on sustainable food practices, and students
participate in peer-to-peer training events.
E
Busting the Myth of Cities as Concrete Jungles:
SEED Wayne Feeds an Urban Community
Report Stories
Off campus, SEED Wayne partners with related organizations
to help develop local food systems in neighborhoods. For
example, SEED partners with the Capuchin Soup Kitchen
on its Earthworks Urban Farm, a 2.5-acre organic farm in
northeast Detroit. The farm has grown over the years to
include a 4,000-square-foot passive solar greenhouse that
allows food production over an extended season, an apiary,
a community orchard and several community garden plots.
Detroit Fresh is an important SEED project. Together with
other organizations, it helps get fresh produce stocked in
local corner stores. Many of these convenience stores are
the only places that sell food within a neighborhood, but
have historically sold only processed and “junk” foods.
Because they are convenient and accessible for residents
and accept food assistance programs, these local corner
stores often serve as a regular place for people to buy food.
SEED and its partners work with the stores by providing
shelves and baskets for fresh foods and connecting the
stores with local farmers and produce distributors.

„„ MSU Extension Center for Local Government Finance and Policy –
Established in 2015, the MSU Extension Center for Local Government Finance
and Policy was created to help communities meet the goals of financial
sustainability in a fashion that ensures they economically and culturally
thrive. In addition to publishing informative reports on short- and long-term
fiscal issues for urban centers, staff experts often consult with municipal
leaders. Experts from the Center have been consulting with Detroit’s Chief
Financial Officer on tax policy and revenue forecasting since 2011, and
coordinate the InnovateGov Internship Program with the MSU Department of
Political Science. This MSU-funded program places MSU students, including
a number of native Detroiters, in internships with Detroit’s Department of
Finance to work on tax compliance and other special projects each summer.
Programs aimed at increasing citizen engagement and community organizing include:
„„ AmeriCorps Urban Safety Project—This WSU program works to promote safety
and community in Detroit. The program works with local residents to create
block clubs, a forum for residents to get together to work on addressing crime.
„„ CitizenDetroit—Established at WSU in 2012 as a way to educate Detroit
residents about critical issues facing the city, this initiative’s goal is to help
residents think critically about candidates and emerging political issues so
that they can better engage in the political process.
„„ Community Based Initiative Program—This U-M program teaches students
committed to social change and community building. Upon graduation, these
students become community organizers, policymakers, program planners,
organization managers and administrators (Community-Based Initiative in
Detroit 2016).
„„ Detroit Y-Plan (Youth-Plan, Learn, Act, Now!)—This WSU program is helping
to build equitable and sustainable communities. Y-Plan is a model for
youth civic engagement in city planning and policymaking. It is a school-
based program that works to engage young people in their schools and
communities, and engages young people in urban planning by bringing
together university and high school students, teachers, elected officials,
and other community members on real-world planning and community
development problems (Detroit Y-Plan 2016).
„„ The Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center—A collaborative
partnership forged in 1995 between U-M and a number of organizations
throughout Detroit, the Detroit Urban Research Center helps identify problems
affecting the health of residents on the east, southwest and northwest sides of
the city. The center also promotes and conducts interdisciplinary, community-
based participatory research that recognizes, builds upon and enhances the
resources and strengths in the communities involved.
„„ MSU Extension—For 100 years, MSU Extension programs have been
bringing the knowledge and resources of MSU directly to individuals,
communities, and businesses to build stronger communities and community
leadership in Detroit. MSU Extension’s Michigan Citizen Planner helps to
train local officials in planning and zoning. Homebuyer education helps
residents make more informed choices when purchasing houses, and home
preservation and foreclosure classes help homeowners to avoid losing their
homes, which in turn helps to strengthen neighborhoods. MSU Extension
classes and publications help inform residents on the issues affecting their
communities (MSU Extension 2016c).
Programs aimed
at increasing
citizen engagement
and community
organization include:
Americorps Urban
Safety Project
CitizenDetroit
Community Based
Initiative Program
Detroit Y-Plan
The Detroit Community-
Academic Urban
Research Center
MSU Extension

Engaging Detroit
Community Service
While there are signs of an economic resurgence, the prevalence of poverty is still a
major issue in Detroit. Fiscal challenges make it difficult for the city to fully meet the
needs of its impoverished population, and many services are provided by nonprofits
and the philanthropic community. URC faculty, staff, and students also work to help
meet these challenges through formal programming and volunteer work.
Community service work in Detroit includes:
„„ Detroit Partnership—This U-M student-run nonprofit coordinates one-time and
weekly service-learning opportunities. This partnership has supported a wide
range of volunteer activities, including tutoring, mentoring, crisis counseling,
and a one-day service learning project in Detroit that attracts more than
1,000 students. The Detroit Partnership offers programs in the Brightmoor,
Southwest, and Eastside neighborhoods (Detroit Partnership 2016).
„„ Spanish Language Internship Program—This U-M program links Spanish-
speaking students with community-based organizations. Some students
volunteer at health clinics assisting clients with forms, and translating for patients
and staff, while other students meet with clients in need of free legal aid.
„„ Wayne Cares—This WSU program brings together students, faculty, and
staff to do charitable works in the community. A good example of this
work is WSU’s Coalition on Temporary Shelter (COTS). COTS works to end
homelessness by helping people become self-sufficient and helping them
to find affordable housing. It also works to find long-term solutions to the
problems of homelessness. Wayne Cares also supports charitable fundraising
and other charitable efforts around the city (WSU 2016b).
Access to good nutrition can be a challenge in Detroit, and parts of the city are a
food desert. MSU has jumped in to meet this need in a number of ways. MSU food
programs in Detroit include:
„„ Community Gardens—MSU Extension has a school and community garden
program that trains Detroit Public School teachers in basic gardening, botany
skills, and hands-on activities they can use with students. Vegetables harvested
in school gardens are served in school cafeterias or sent home with students.
„„ Cooking Matters—This program connects families with food by teaching them
how to prepare healthy, tasty meals on a limited budget. Professional chefs
and nutrition experts teach Detroiters how to purchase and prepare healthy
meals on a limited budget. Courses are offered through senior centers, after-
school programs, churches, and income-eligible housing.
„„ Project Fresh— this program provides participants with coupons to purchase
locally grown produce at participating farmers’ markets.
„„ SNAP-Ed—MSU Extension partners with the Michigan Department of
Health and Human Services (MDHHS) to provide educational services to
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients. The program,
known as SNAP-Ed, reduces hunger and food insecurity and promotes
healthy eating habits (MSU Extension 2016c).
Economic Revitalization
Economic revitalization in Detroit is essential to securing the city’s future, and
is important to the state’s economic health as well. Detroit residents need good
jobs, and the city needs the tax base that strong and growing businesses provide.
Community service
work in Detroit
includes:
Detroit Partnership
Spanish Language
Internship Program
Wayne Cares
MSU food programs
include:
Community Gardens
Cooking Matters
Project Fresh
SNAP-Ed

ounded in 2012 by WSU
medical student Jonathan
Wong, Street Medicine Detroit’s
mission is to provide high-quality health
care to Detroit’s homeless population
wherever they are—in shelters and
on the streets. According to Street
Medicine Detroit’s mission, the intent
is to “bridge the gaps between the
homeless and medical communities
by building relationships and offering
companionship and respect.”
“I just wanted to make sure
I’m healthy. I got a flu shot and
now I’m protected. I’ll give you
all an A+. Thank you!”
—Irvin Hicks, patient
Each week, medical student volunteers
with Street Medicine Detroit make
“street runs” in partnership with
members of Neighborhood Service
Organization (NSO) homeless recovery
services to provide medical and
related social services to homeless
people. NSO provides supervision on
“street runs” and medical oversight
by a certified nurse practitioner. The
student volunteers perform basic
health procedures and treatments for
homeless patients, such as assessing
health history, checking vitals, treating
injuries and illnesses, and distributing
medication when appropriate.
Volunteers receive training in how to
work with homeless patients, with an
emphasis on engaging with patients
in a manner that respects their
comfort zones, listening to patient
concerns and priorities, and using
nonjudgmental language.
“I really like the simplicity of Street
Medicine Detroit. We go to the patients
and provide the care that they need
without any social barriers. It’s the
essence of medicine, without waiting
rooms and billings. Just the patient and
clinicians,” said Phil Ison, second year
nurse practitioner and student.
Street Medicine Detroit’s work is an
important part of addressing the city’s
social and economic needs. Detroit
has an estimated 16,000 homeless
people. Accessing health care can
be challenging for homeless people
for many reasons, including cost,
distrust of doctors and hospitals, and
lack of transportation. They cannot
take advantage of Medicaid because
it requires a permanent address to
verify residency; those that do seek out
medical services often use emergency
rooms for primary care. A 2014 WSU
study found that the cost of emergency
F
Street Medicine Detroit
Report Stories
room treatments is about $1,600
per day for frequent users from the
homeless population.
Street Medicine Detroit has won
several awards and accolades for
its work, including the Michigan
Campus Compact Award and the
2015 Dr. Arthur L. Johnson Community
Leadership Award from WSU’s Office
of Government and Community Affairs.
The group is run by a leadership team
of nearly 30 medical students and
professionals, and has more than 400
volunteers. Street Medicine Detroit
plans to pursue nonprofit 501(c)(3)
status and expand its services in the
coming years in order to further its
ability to provide needed medical
services to Detroit’s homeless
population.

Engaging Detroit
Cities are powerful engines of economic development and income growth. As
Michigan’s largest city, Detroit plays a vital role in driving the state’s prosperity.
Michigan needs to attract and retain young talent if it is to thrive long-term, and a
strong and vibrant Detroit will attract talent to the state as a whole. As an industrial
center, it is also home to new economic activity through innovation and technology
commercialization. The URC universities are working to meet the needs of Detroit’s
economy by introducing students to career opportunities and connecting research
and development activities to businesses.
URC programs aimed at revitalizing Detroit’s economy include:
„„ WSU Office of Economic Development—In 2011, WSU established an Office
of Economic Development, a cabinet-level office that works to strategically
leverage the university’s assets to spur economic revitalization.
„„ National Network for Manufacturing Innovation Centers of Excellence –Detroit
has been selected to host two centers of excellence developed under the
National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI). The Detroit site was
selected in part to leverage the engineering expertise of the URC universities
and in part due to its proximity with the research and development occurring
in Southeast Michigan. NNMI is an initiative focused on coordinating public
and private investment in emerging advanced manufacturing technologies.
The Lightweight Innovations for Tomorrow (LIFT), operated by the American
Lightweight Materials Manufacturing Innovation Institute (ALMMII), and the
Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation (IACMI) will be
co-located in a 100,000 square foot facility in Corktown. These centers will
not only work with OEMs, Tier 1s and material suppliers, but also provide
support to local start-ups and small manufacturers to help them scale up new
technologies, accelerate technology transfer to the marketplace, and facilitate
the adoption of innovation developments across supply chains. Each institute
will also act as a ‘teaching factory’ to build workforce skills at multiple levels
and to strengthen business capabilities in large and small companies.
ƒƒ The Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation (IACMI)
– An MSU-led collaboration between universities, government entities
and the private sector on a large scale, IACMI is bringing cutting-edge,
lightweight automotive material development to Detroit. IACMI provides
an innovative space where the future of fiber-reinforced polymer
composite for automotive manufacturing will be developed and tested for
full-scale production.
ƒƒ Lightweight Innovations for Tommorrow (LIFT)—A U-M-led collaboration,
which includes MSU and WSU as partners, LIFT is charged with
moving new technologies in lightweight materials out of the laboratory
and into factory production (Pinho 2015). In addition to research
and development, LIFT will work to develop the next generation
manufacturing workforce in Detroit.
„„ Blackstone LaunchPad—This WSU program offers career advice, guidance,
and resources to young entrepreneurs. The LaunchPad provides students
with workshops, networking events, and one-on-one counseling sessions to
help them transform their ideas into successful businesses.
„„ BOND Consulting Group—This U-M undergraduate student organization
provides pro bono consulting services to businesses. BOND recruits students
from the Ross School of Business, the College of Engineering, and the
College of Literature, Science, and the Arts.
Programs aimed at
revitalizing Detroit’s
economy include:
WSU Office
of Economic
Development
National Network
for Manufacturing
Innovation Centers of
Excellence
Blackstone LaunchPad
BOND Consulting
Group
MSU Product Center
TechTown Detroit

„„ MSU Product Center—The MSU Product Center helps food entrepreneurs
develop and commercialize high-value, consumer-responsive products
and businesses in the food, agriculture, natural resources, and bioeconomy
sectors.
„„ TechTown Detroit—TechTown Detroit is the city’s most established business
accelerator, offering a full suite of entrepreneurial support services for both
technology and non-technology businesses. Founded in 2000 by WSU, Henry
Ford Health System and General Motors and incorporated as a nonprofit in
2004, TechTown provides services at its Midtown hub and in neighborhoods
throughout Detroit. TechTown’s LABS programs include tech-centric business
acceleration, as well as proof of concept, incubation and commercialization
services. The DTX Launch Detroit program – part of a programmatic
partnership between TechTown, Invest Detroit, the Detroit Creative Corridor
Center, the Henry Ford Innovation Institute, NextEnergy and Techstars
Mobility, driven by Detroit – is a 10-week summer accelerator for Michigan
college students and recent graduates. TechTown’s BLOCKS programs offer
small business support services in Detroit’s neighborhoods, helping to launch
and stabilize local businesses and catalyze commercial districts. TechTown
also operates the Junction440 co-working space and houses numerous
high-tech and community serving businesses and nonprofits working across
sectors to drive progress in Detroit. In the last eight years, TechTown has
served nearly 1,600 companies that created more than 1,200 jobs and raised
more than $120 million in capital.
Education
The most pressing problem currently facing the city is the delivery of K–12
education. Good schools are essential for urban revitalization. While young
professionals can be attracted to a city with struggling schools, it is very difficult
to attract and retain families with children without strong schools. Detroit Public
Schools, the city’s traditional school district, educates roughly 47,000 students.
Charter schools in the city educate 36,000 children and an additional 26,000
exercise school-of-choice options to attend charter and traditional schools outside
of the city (Coalition for the Future of Detroit Schoolchildren 2015).
In total, there are approximately 115,000 schoolchildren in the city, representing
more than 7 percent of 1.5 million schoolchildren in Michigan.4
There are more
than 200 school buildings educating Detroit schoolchildren and only five top the
state average in reading and seven in math (Coalition for the Future of Detroit
Schoolchildren 2015). Improving the quality of education in Detroit is an urgent
need. It is important to students and families, it is important to the revitalization
of the city, and it is important to the state as it builds a high-quality workforce
capable of attracting and retaining job providers.
There is no quick fix to these problems. The education problems in Detroit are
profound, stemming back decades. This does not make the need any less urgent,
however. The URC is engaged in helping address these issues in a number of
important ways. It is doing work to improve school and building leadership, it
has programs designed to improve the teaching in Detroit schools, and it has
programs aimed at directly helping students. A sampling of these programs
follows.
4
This total also includes the 6,000 students attending schools in the Education Achievement
Authority.
More than 7 percent
of 1.5 million
schoolchildren in
Michigan reside in
Detroit4

Engaging Detroit
School leadership programs include:
„„ Center for Positive Organization—U-M Ross School of Business faculty at the
CPO are working with a cross-section of administrators, teachers, and leaders
to develop a new leadership culture in Detroit Public Schools. This work has
allowed administrators to devote more time to teaching and learning and less
time to dealing with bureaucratic issues.
„„ MI Excel Statewide System of Support—This MSU program trains, employs,
assigns, and evaluates professional facilitators and specialists who support
local schools and districts with professional dialogue and diagnostic data
analysis. These talented team members help districts identify barriers to
student achievement, establish clear priorities, and reallocate human and
fiscal resources more effectively.
Programs aimed at teachers include:
„„ Broad Future Teacher Scholars—This MSU scholarship program is available
only to graduates of the Detroit Public Schools who pursue a bachelor’s
degree and teacher certification at MSU. The scholarship is structured in
the form of loan forgiveness, and provides financial support to cover the full
cost of attendance (tuition, fees, room and board) at MSU. Students who are
awarded this scholarship agree to serve in the Detroit Public School system
after they complete the program.
„„ Good Schools Resource Center—This partnership between MSU and the
Skillman Foundation helps educators learn and implement research-based
strategies to improve the quality of teaching and learning in Detroit schools.
„„ Urban Educators Cohort Program—This MSU program helps students gain
the skills they will need to be effective teachers in an urban environment.
Classes are designed to help future teachers understand the social, cultural,
and financial issues faced by students in urban schools.
„„ TeachDETROIT—An innovative teacher education program at WSU’s College
of Education, TeachDETROIT is designed to prepare new teachers who are
interested in teaching in Detroit schools. The college is recruiting both current
undergraduate students and candidates with a college degree to participate
in the teacher residency program, which kicked off in 2015. The program
stresses cultural competence as a prerequisite to working in urban schools,
and also prepares teachers for ambitious academic work, particularly in
mathematics, with children of color.
School leadership
programs include:
Center for Positive
Organization
MI Excel Statewide
System of Support
Programs aimed at
teachers include:
Broad Future Teacher
Scholars
Good Schools
Resource Center
Urban Educators
Cohort Program
TeachDETROIT

Programs aimed at
students include:
Code Day
Go-Girls
High Five Program
Michigan Engineering
Zone
Summer Enrichment
Program
WE READ
Programs aimed
at helping Detroit
children achieve
college success
include:
College 101
HIGH Program
Summer High School
Scholars Program
Programs aimed at students include:
„„ Code Day—WSU’s College of Engineering hosts a computer code day,
inviting high school students from throughout the Detroit area to spend the
day on campus to learn about coding from volunteers.
„„ Go-Girls—This WSU program increases the competence and confidence
of middle school girls in the areas of mathematics, technology, scientific
thinking, and communication by engaging them in experiences that promote
interest in and awareness of STEM careers.
„„ High Five Program—WSU provides free tutoring in reading and writing skills.
Tutors are graduate students completing a master’s program in reading,
who work under the supervision of faculty in the Reading, Language, and
Literature Program.
„„ Michigan Engineering Zone (MEZ)—The MEZ is a safe and supportive forum
where Detroit students acquire the knowledge and tools they need to propel
themselves to higher education and careers in the STEM fields. Outfitted
with computer labs complete with CAD software, a machine shop, robot
testing area, and collaborative workstations, Detroit’s engineers and U-M
faculty, staff, students, and alumni provide training and mentoring within an
environment of learning, leadership, teamwork, and fun.
„„ Summer Enrichment Program—This U-M program is a two-week commuter
camp designed to take middle school concepts delivered in science, math,
and English classes in school and develop them in the minds of the students,
so that they begin to identify the connections between their class curricula
and the real world, its technology, and its engineering. The program includes
a visit to an engineering campus for workshops by the college’s students,
staff and faculty that focuses on what engineers do.
„„ WE READ—This U-M program works with the students of Noble Elementary-
Middle School in Detroit. Its aim is to encourage a love of reading and writing
in Detroit’s youth, and it is an umbrella organization composed of BEAR and
MyBook. BEAR (Be Excited About Reading) involves reading short books
with fourth graders and engaging them via fun, book-related discussions and
activities. MyBook’s focus is on teaching eighth graders how to write and
illustrate their own stories, which WE READ publishes at the end of the school
year.
Programs aimed at helping Detroit children achieve college success include:
„„ College 101—This three-day U-M residential summer program introduces
rising tenth-grade students to higher education through a series of unique
experiences on the U-M campus. College 101 prepares students for college,
while facilitating exposure to academic disciplines and career options as well
as special opportunities available to college students such as study abroad,
athletics, and leadership development.
„„ HIGH Program—The Helping Individuals Go Higher program helps financially
stressed students at WSU reach their goal to graduate. The program provides
resources for students in need, such as housing support, textbooks and
other school supplies, clothing, transportation, and child care assistance. The
mission of the program is to ensure that no student abandons their dream of
earning a degree solely because of housing or financial challenges.
„„ Summer High School Scholars Program—Each year, this MSU program has
students from urban school districts spend time on campus. The college

Engaging Detroit
preparation experience includes living in dormitories, taking practice ACT
tests and developing skills for writing, studying and using technology. With
current MSU students as counselors, participants learn about issues of
social justice and what it takes to achieve their dreams—especially in the
kinesiology or education fields.
For Detroit students, attending a URC school can be a path out of poverty. The
URC provides students with the skills that command high wages in the workplace.
A recent Bridge Magazine analysis examined the earnings of low-income students
10 years after entering school (French 2016). Among 35 universities in Michigan,
the URC schools ranked first, third, and fifth in earnings for these students
after enrollment. Through grants and scholarships, the URC schools are a very
affordable option, ranking second, third, and 13th
least expensive for low-income
students, according to Bridge.

rowth and vitality of cities is tied to many factors;
among the most important is access to high-
achieving, quality K–12 schools. But the urban
education systems in many cities are struggling. The
challenges facing public education in Detroit are well known,
and the proposed solutions are highly controversial. And yet,
beyond the headlines and public discourse, the business of
teaching and learning continues on the ground. Students,
parents, teachers, and administrators are seeking ways to
move forward.
URC university researchers in education, engineering,
business and related disciplines have developed expertise
in effective practices for teaching and learning within
the urban context. Below are three examples of URC
engagement efforts to support K-12 education in Detroit with
life-changing results.
Expanding the Student Pipeline: Wayne State
University Math Corps
Since 1992, thousands of Detroit’s kids have attended Math
Corps at Wayne State University for free each summer. In a
city where the high school graduation rate is less than half,
more than 90 percent of Math Corps students graduate
high school and more than 80 percent go on to college.
G
The URC and K-12 Education
in Detroit
Report Stories
Math Corps is expanding the pipeline of students who
are mathematically-prepared for college, and is changing
lives one cohort at a time. Housed within WSU’s Center for
Excellence and Equity in Mathematics, Math Corps was
founded on the principle that all children have a unique and
special greatness that can be realized through hard work
and dedication. With support from the Kresge Foundation,
WSU, and private donors, Math Corps selects 240 middle
school students and more than 120 high school students to
participate in its two summer programs each year.
Students love Math Corps. One middle
schooler recently said, “We learn something
new each day and also have fun at the same
time…you get an experience that can’t be
found anywhere else.”
Math Corps’ Summer Camp and High School Bridge
Program offer middle school students instruction from
university faculty and Math Corps alumni, some of whom are
just removed from the program. As one high school Math
Corps student teacher said, “…this year was way better than
when I was a (middle school) student…this time, I am the
one making a difference in a student’s life.”
For many Math Corps students, their experience has shaped
the trajectories of their educational careers. For example,
Omar Pacheco participated as a student, graduated
from Cass Technical High School in Detroit, earned an
undergraduate degree in mathematics from WSU, and is on
track to earn a PhD. Mr. Pacheco was surprised to learn he
had the ability to positively impact others when a younger
student thanked him for encouraging her. He said, “I never
thought that people were actually paying attention to me or
that I could influence others that way unintentionally.”
The WSU Math Corps Scholarship Fund offers scholarships
to undergraduate students who are either former or current
members of the WSU Math Corps. WSU also offers the
prestigious Presidential Scholarship, which covers tuition
for four years, to Math Corps students who meet specific
criteria. Joseph “Pops” Ratcliff, a WSU Presidential
Scholarship recipient, graduated from WSU and currently
teaches math at Pershing High School in Detroit.

Report Stories | 30
Engaging Detroit
Preparing Teachers: A Focus on Urban Education
Committed to creating better opportunities for all people,
particularly those living in the most under-resourced areas,
MSU College of Education offers a number of programs
focused on improving urban education. These programs
include graduate and undergraduate teacher preparation,
continuing education for urban educators, and outreach
efforts to K-12 students in urban settings, many of which bring
students from urban school districts to campus each year.
Essential to MSU College of Education’s mission to
develop effective teachers prepared for success in urban
schools is its Urban Educators Cohort Program (UECP),
an undergraduate program for freshman and sophomore
students. Chris Waston, math instructional coach at Henry
Ford Academy: School for Creative Studies exemplifies the
success of the UECP. Mr. Waston learned about the UECP
while attending a summer scholars program on MSU’s
campus while still in high school. A graduate of Detroit Public
Schools and an alumnus of WSU’s Math Corps, Mr. Waston
found the UECP coursework very relevant to what he had
experienced while attending school in Detroit.
“The UECP really prepared me well to be a teacher in
Detroit,” said Mr. Waston. “In addition to my coursework,
I was able to do work in Lansing Public Schools during
the school year. In the Urban Immersion Fellowship
Program, I was able to work in Detroit, and learn directly
from the educators in the city.” Mr. Waston also valued
the connections he made with other students dedicated to
improving urban schools. While engaged in the Immersion
Program, Mr. Waston appreciated weekly meetings with
fellow UECP students held at MSU’s Detroit Center.
Inspired to Engage: InsideOut Literary Arts Project
Marlin Jenkins asked students how they would describe
Detroit. He then asked them how outsiders might
characterize the Motor City. The lists, etched on a classroom
whiteboard in Detroit’s Garvey Academy, were far from
uniform. But the exercise opened up a window for Jenkins to
discuss metaphor and its use in creative writing.
Welcome to a typical day in the InsideOut Literary Arts
Project, Detroit’s largest literary arts nonprofit. Since 1995,
the nonprofit has led more than 50,000 Detroit youth on
adventures using poetry as their guide to becoming better
students and ultimately more engaged citizens. The program
provides University of Michigan graduate students like
Jenkins an opportunity to inspire youth, many of whom are
enrolled in Detroit Public Schools, to think broadly, create
bravely and share their voices with the wider world.
“The graduate students always bring a positive energy to
the classroom and, we believe, take away from our young
students a new appreciation for the power of words,”
said Peter Markus, a senior writer with InsideOut and U-M
alumnus.
Terry Blackhawk, InsideOut’s founder and (retired) executive
director, worked with U-M Professor Nicholas Delbanco in 2005
to help launch the Civitas Fellowships program. The program
since has provided funding to more than 40 U-M students
pursuing a master of fine art’s degree in creative writing.
Jenkins is among the numerous beneficiaries of the program.
“It’s really great to not only be involved in teaching, but also
to be involved in the Detroit community,” said Jenkins, who
attended Garvey Academy as a child.
Four U-M students are selected to participate in the
program during the fall and winter semesters. They are
paired up and placed in classrooms and afterschool
settings throughout Detroit. Through the Civitas program,
U-M students have reached more than 1,500 Detroit youth.
As coordinator of the program, Keith Taylor helps select
and advises the Civitas Fellows.
“Even if some kids are reluctant to write their
own poetry, they’re actively listening to their
classmates,” Taylor said. “You go to those
classrooms and nobody is bored. They’re all
paying attention.”
Erin Kirkland for iO.

Public health
programs include:
Community Action to
Protect Health
Connect to Protect®
Detroit HIV Initiative
Healthy Environments
Partnership
SMILE
Street Medicine
Student Sight Savers
Arts
Detroit has long had a strong and vibrant arts culture. It is the birthplace of
Motown and home of the Detroit Institute of the Arts, the Charles H. Wright
Museum of African American History, and the Museum of Contemporary Art. It is
the home of the Fisher and Fox Theatres and the Detroit Opera House. The John
S. and James L. Knight Foundation and the Kresge Foundation support local art
projects and artists. URC students benefit from their proximity to Detroit’s rich art
heritage, and the URC provides programs enhancing and promoting the arts in
the city.
These programs include:
„„ Art Therapy Workshops—This practicum opportunity for graduate art therapy
students was started as a way to offer low-cost art therapy experiences to
WSU students and local families.
„„ Detroit Medical Orchestra—This WSU School of Medicine program explores
the connection between music and healing.
„„ Detroit Connections—This series of courses offered through the Penny W.
Stamps School of Art & Design at U-M takes students, staff, and faculty
from the Ann Arbor campus every week into two partner schools in Detroit
to lead weekly art workshops and design collaborative projects with youth.
The courses promote engaged and active citizenry, require out-of-the-box
creative thinking, and bring together individuals from different backgrounds to
co-create and share resources.
„„ Spartan Youth Jazz—This is a program providing weekly jazz instruction to
Detroit students at the MSU’s Community Music School.
„„ Youth Theatre Fellows—This is a residential youth theatre summer camp
based at U-M’s Detroit Center. Targeted to students in 8th
through 12th
grade,
the program provides a unique opportunity for participants to immerse
themselves into the multifaceted aspects of stage performance.
Public Health
The URC is engaged on a number of fronts to help improve the public health of
Detroit residents. Medical students and residents provide health care to Detroit
residents at Detroit’s major hospitals. URC researchers are currently leading
numerous public health and medical research projects in the city. In addition,
URC faculty, staff and students in a variety of programs are providing direct care
to populations that are traditionally underserved and medically vulnerable.
Public health programs include:
„„ Community Action to Protect Health—This citywide initiative reduces air
pollution and improves residents’ health. Along with representatives from
Detroit community-based organizations, researchers from U-M’s School of
Public Health meet to understand the factors affecting air quality and are
developing an action plan aimed at reducing the effects of air pollution on
residents’ health.
„„ Connect to Protect®
Detroit HIV Initiative—This MSU-led, multi-stakeholder
advisory group works to combat the high incidence of HIV/AIDS in specific
geographic areas of Detroit.
„„ Healthy Environments Partnership—U-M’s HEP is a community-based
participatory research partnership with a focus on understanding and
Programs enhancing
and promoting
the arts in the city
include:
Art Therapy Workshops
Detroit Medical
Orchestra
Detroit Connections
Spartan Youth Jazz
Youth Theatre Fellows

URC’s Detroit Economic Impact | 32
Engaging Detroit
promoting heart health in Detroit neighborhoods. HEP examines and develops
interventions to address aspects of the social and physical environment that
contributes to racial and socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular disease.
„„ SMILE—This MSU program is an intervention to improve access to HIV care
among newly diagnosed adolescents.
„„ Street Medicine—This WSU program works to ensure access to quality
medical care for Detroit’s homeless population. Through direct and
regular outreach, they work to build relationships with this difficult-to-reach
population.
„„ Student Sight Savers—This WSU program works to promote eye health and
awareness among the large medically unserved population in Detroit in
Southeast Michigan. Throughout the year, the program hosts screenings at
Cass Clinic, churches, and senior centers.
Dally in the Alley, 2014. Photograph by Austin Tierney, Flickr.

URC’s Detroit Economic
Impact
Overview
In this section, we present an estimate of the URC’s economic impact on the city
of Detroit.5
This impact arises from the many URC students, faculty, and staff
who live, work and study in the city. The many URC alumni living in the city also
contribute through their spending and the taxes that they pay. The economic
impact estimates represent “new” economic activity that would not have occurred
in the absence of the URC.
This economic impact analysis models the value of URC-related economic activity,
both through a direct effect and a multiplier effect. The URC directly employs
people in the city, but it also supports employment indirectly through purchases
of goods and services. Spending by university employees and students in the city
also supports employment and generates economic activity.
There is a waterfall effect of economic activity that occurs around initial spending.
The employees supported by the direct spending purchase goods and services
in the city and generate additional employment, and those additionally generated
employees also spend money—supporting even more employment and economic
activity. These follow-on spending activities gradually decline as spending leaks
out of the region, is saved, or is paid in taxes.
An input-output (I-O) model uses a series of multipliers to estimate the total value
of these follow-on spending activities. It tracks how spending flows through
interdependent industries to meet demand. This analysis uses the IMPLAN
(IMpact analysis for PLANning) I-O modeling system to estimate the net new
employment and economic activity the URC generates in Detroit. The economic
impact is split into the following categories:
„„ Direct effect—The direct employment and spending of the URC in Detroit
„„ Indirect effect—The employment and spending generated in Detroit by URC
purchases of goods and services
„„ Induced effect—The effect on the local economy from the household
spending of those directly or indirectly employed by URC activity (As these
employees spend money in Detroit on local goods and services, the resulting
employment and spending generated is the induced effect.)
The URC’s direct economic impact in Detroit includes operational and capital
expenditures, salaries and benefits paid to faculty and staff living in Detroit,
spending of students living in the city, and spending of students, faculty, and staff,
commuting into the city. We have also included the incremental income earned
by URC alumni living in Detroit in the economic impact analysis. This income
represents the higher wages earned by URC alumni as a result of their URC
attendance.
Each university provided detail on their purchases of goods and services in Detroit
5
The impact estimated in this report is the net increase in economic activity occurring in the
city as a result of the URC. This differs from economic contribution estimates, which do not
discount economic activity for the amount that would still occur even in the absence of the
URC.

Engaging Detroit
and detail on their Detroit capital expenditures. The spending was provided at
the vendor level allowing for a detailed model of university spending to be built in
IMPLAN. Operational and capital expenditures were analyzed separately in the
IMPLAN model.
The URC-related expenditures included in the economic impact analysis are:
„„ URC operational expenditures paid to Detroit vendors
„„ URC employee income (for both residents and nonresident commuters)
„„ URC capital expenditures to Detroit vendors (including construction
spending)
„„ Student spending in Detroit
„„ Alumni spending in Detroit relating to incremental earnings
The net contribution each of these areas makes to Detroit was calculated
separately.

Other Economic Contributions to the Detroit
Economy
The URC impacts the local economy in quantifiable ways not captured in
this current analysis. Visitors to WSU, including those who attend meetings,
conferences, and athletic events, contribute to the local economy through
the purchases they make while in Detroit, such as parking, hotel rooms, and
restaurant meals. Payments made to local retirees are also not included in this
analysis. Research spending occurring in Detroit is not separately categorized in
the model, since this spending is captured in the payroll and vendor purchasing
figures. Finally, these estimates represent URC spending directly in the city.
They do not include economic activity that may leak into the city from direct URC
spending in other parts of the state.
Modeling the City of Detroit
To estimate the impact of the URC in Detroit, we built a model in IMPLAN using zip
code level data. Since zip codes do not exactly follow city boundaries, only those
zip codes that are primarily within the city’s boundaries were included. When only
a small portion of a zip code fell within the city, that zip code was excluded. For
example, zip codes for Grosse Pointe and Redford, which partially enter Detroit,
were excluded from the analysis. The zip codes for Highland Park and Hamtramck
were included in the Detroit estimation, since these cities constituted less than half
the area of their respective zip codes and both are fully contained within Detroit’s
outer boundaries. In total, 32 zip codes were used to build the area for Detroit.
URC Economic Impact in Detroit
URC institutions contributed more than $1.3 billion (gross) to Detroit’s economy
during 2015, including direct purchases of $441 million from Detroit businesses.
In 2015, the URC employed 8,327 faculty and staff in Detroit, educated 28,358
students in the city, and had 11,211 URC alumni living in the city.
University purchases and faculty/student spending all significantly contribute
to Detroit’s economy. However, if the URC did not exist, some of this economic
activity would have still occurred. Some students would have attended other
schools in Detroit. Some URC staff would have still lived in Detroit, but would have
worked for other employers. URC alumni would still have lived in the city, but
would likely have earned less, since they would have attended other schools (URC
alumni earn significantly more than the graduates of other state universities.)
So in our estimates of the URC’s economic impact, we exclude activity that would
likely have occurred in the URC’s absence. We also adjust the gross contribution
for spending in the city for activities conducted outside of the city. After making
these adjustments, we find that the URC provided a direct “net new” economic
contribution of $645 million to the city in 2015. This economic activity generated
additional activity in Detroit through the multiplier effect discussed earlier. The
average multiplier for URC economic activity is 1.48—meaning that for every dollar
of direct URC economic impact in Detroit, an additional $0.48 of indirect and
induced economic activity was generated.
Including these multiplier effects, the total economic impact of the URC to Detroit
was approximately $958 million in 2015. The presence of the URC created roughly
11,600 jobs in Detroit, including direct, indirect, and induced employment. The
URC generated approximately $7.1 million in income taxes for the city and $3.3
million in property taxes.
The total economic
impact of the URC
to Detroit was
approximately $958
million in 2015

Engaging Detroit
EXHIBIT 3. Total URC Economic Impact in Detroit
Spending Categories
Total Economic Impact
(millions of $)
Operational expenditures $240.2
Capital expenditures $180.5
Faculty and staff $193.6
Students $140.0
Alumni Living in Detroit $203.8
Total $958.1
Analysis by Public Sector Consultants Inc.
EXHIBIT 4. Total URC Employment Impact
Categories
Total Employment
(Direct, Indirect, and Induced)
Operational expenditures 511
Capital expenditures 976
Faculty and staff 8,120
Students 1,406
Alumni Living in Detroit* 509
Total 11,603
*This reflects jobs created through the increased spending of the 11,211 URC
alumni living in Detroit.

EXHIBIT 5. Detroit Employment Generated by URC
EXHIBIT 6. Detroit Taxes Generated by the URC (millions of dollars)
URC Operational Expenditures in Detroit
In fiscal year 2014-2015, the URC spent $193 million on nonpayroll operational
expenditures in Detroit, representing the purchases of goods and services from
vendors in the city. We assume that 90 percent of this spending was “net new”
to Detroit, meaning that only 10 percent of this spending would have occurred in
the city in the absence of the URC. After making this adjustment and adjusting
for the share of economic activity that occurs in Detroit from wholesale and retail
trade purchases in the city, we estimate that operational expenditures had a direct
economic effect of $170.8 million.6
6
The net economic impact for operating expenditures in Detroit was estimated using a
hybrid bill-of-goods approach in IMPLAN. For an explanation of this approach and an expla-
nation of the wholesale and retail trade margining used in the estimates, see Appendix A:
Detailed Methodology.
Total Direct Indirect/Induced
11,582
7,494
4,088
Income Tax Property Tax
$7.1
$3.3

Engaging Detroit
collaboration of universities, government entities,
and the private sector, the new composite
manufacturing scale-up facility, part of the Institute
for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation
(IACMI), brings cutting-edge, lightweight automotive material
development to Detroit. MSU is leading the light-and-heavy-
duty vehicle component of the institute, a 122-member
consortium funded by a more than $250 million in private
and public commitment over five years, with $70 million of
that total coming from the U.S. Department of Energy.
“Our facility will be unique in the United States because it
will provide industry, government, and academia access
to production-scale equipment for collaborative composite
development programs of real vehicle components. We
don’t intend to produce parts, but the facility will provide
the opportunity to demonstrate technology innovations at
production cycle times,” said Dr. Lawrence Drzal, director
of the IACMI Vehicles Technology Application Area and
an MSU University Distinguished Professor of chemical
engineering and materials science.
Prior to the institute’s launch, companies
needed to travel internationally to reach a
comparable facility. Now, companies from
around the globe can travel to Detroit to
develop and demonstrate new materials and
manufacturing processes for their commercial
potential.
“It is the missing piece of the puzzle in the development of
high volume, low cost, advanced composite manufacturing,”
said Jan Sawgle, composite program manager for DuPont
Performance Materials. “We couldn’t do this type of work in
the U.S. before—we were playing catch-up. This facility will
help us remain relevant and competitive while bringing more
talent into the region.”
IACMI officials are meeting with companies to identify
the automotive industry’s greatest needs, like balancing
fuel efficiency and style. “Automakers need to solve a lot
of challenges in order to build fuel efficient, yet stylish
vehicles,” says Gina Oliver, senior director in the Automotive
A
Advanced Composite
Manufacturing
Report Stories
Plastics Division at the American Chemistry Council. “This
[Center] is absolutely essential to making that happen.”
Capitalizing on the region’s automotive cluster, the
100,000-square-foot facility co-located with Lightweight
Innovations for Tomorrow (LIFT), in Detroit’s oldest
neighborhood, will be an innovative space where the
future of fiber-reinforced polymer composite for automotive
manufacturing will be developed and tested for full-scale
production.
“The scale-up facility in Corktown will be very important to
Dow and DowAksa (our carbon fiber joint venture),” stated
Dan Beattie, Business Director for Government Markets
and Lightweight Materials. “It will allow us and our partners
to collaborate in better defining, testing and resolving
questions about manufacturing processes, materials and
their integration.”
The advancement of composite-material research is crucial
to the auto industry the state of Michigan. Already more than
100 companies have signed on, and proposals for testing
are flowing in from across the country. DuPont has one
project approved, and plans to submit additional proposals.
“The institute is going to be another jewel for the city,”
says Oliver. “It gives Detroit another opportunity to bring
businesses into the city.”
University Advancement, Michigan State University.

With an average weighted multiplier of 1.39, the total Detroit economic impact
from URC operational expenditures was:
„„ $240.2 million in economic impact
„„ 511 jobs
URC Capital/Construction Expenditures in Detroit
The purchase of equipment and software and spending on construction projects
is examined separately from operating expenditures to better account for the way
these expenditures flow through the economy. Capital expenditures can vary
significantly from year to year. In 2015, the URC spent $247.8 million on capital
expenditures, including construction, with vendors in Detroit. In addition, nearly
$50 million was spent on construction activities occurring within Detroit but paid to
non-Detroit vendors. The local portion of these expenditures were included in the
analysis.
Some construction spending paid to Detroit firms is for projects occurring
outside of the city, while some projects within the city were completed by
firms located outside of the city boundaries. To properly account for this, we
examined individual construction projects and made assumptions regarding
the share of economic activity occurring inside and outside the city. We assume
that construction projects valued at less than $0.5 million awarded to Detroit
contractors were fully attributable to Detroit. Construction projects by WSU were
also assumed to be 100 percent local. For construction projects occurring outside
of the city but awarded to Detroit construction firms, we assumed 20 percent of
the spending was for administrative costs occurred within the city, and 10 percent
of the cost was for construction workers living within Detroit. We also assumed
that construction occurring within the city paid to outside vendors has a 40
percent local effect from the purchase of local supplies and/or labor. Using these
assumptions, we estimated the direct economic impact of URC capital spending
occurring within the city to be $128 million.
The total economic impact of URC capital expenditures including the indirect and
induced effect was:
„„ $180.5 million in output
„„ 976 jobs
Faculty/Staff Expenditures
URC payroll expenditures totaled $106.2 million for 1,981 university faculty and
staff living in Detroit.7
The URC has an additional 6,346 faculty and staff who
commute to Detroit for work, for a total of 8,327 faculty and staff who work in the
city. This total includes medical residents and graduate assistants on the URC’s
payroll. Faculty and staff employed by the URC but not living in Detroit were
modeled separately from those living in the city since resident employees spend a
significantly higher share of their income in the city than commuters.
While some faculty and staff would still live in the city even if the URC did not exist,
we assume that the URC, particularly WSU, is what attracts these individuals to
Detroit. Therefore, we assume that 90 percent of resident employees are living in
Detroit because of the presence of the URC. Under this assumption, 1,783 URC
employees—with a total payroll of $95.6 million—both live and work in the city
7
Payroll expenditures include wages and benefits.

Engaging Detroit
because of the URC. We also assume 90 percent of commuters are working in the
city because of the URC. Under this assumption, 5,711 faculty and staff commute
into the city because of the URC, and spend an estimated $29.3 million each year
in the city. Appendix A displays separate estimates for resident and commuter
employees.
The total economic impact of faculty and staff is:
„„ 8,120 jobs
Student Spending
Whether residents or commuters, all URC students in Detroit spend money
on goods and services within the city and contribute to the total economic
impact of the URC. Student spending occurs in the form of rental payments for
housing, school supplies, transportation costs, the purchase of groceries, and
entertainment.
WSU is located within Detroit and is an anchor institution in the city. Its presence
draws in students who would not otherwise attend school in the city. While there
are several other colleges and universities in Detroit, their scale and educational
focuses do not make them adequate substitutes for out-of-town students. Most
URC resident students attend WSU, but students attending other URC institutions
also reside in Detroit during the school year, such as those attending U-M’s
Dearborn campus. We assume that 100 percent of WSU students who were
originally from outside of Detroit are in the city because of the URC and that 80
percent of students originally from Detroit are attending college in Detroit because
of the URC.
There are 28,335 URC students living in or attending school in Detroit. Some of
these students also work for the URC, and the economic impact of these students
was included in the employee calculations. Therefore, these students need to be
removed to avoid double counting. There were 27,194 net new students in Detroit
after adjusting for student workers and students who would have attended school
in Detroit even in the absence of the URC.
Total spending was determined based on detailed profiles for students living
on or off campus. These profiles were also created separately for graduate
and undergraduate students. In total, we estimate that the net new students
spent $274 million in 2015. This student spending does not directly translate
into a Detroit economic impact. Much of this spending occurs outside of the
city. Regional purchase coefficients were used to determine how much student
spending actually occurred in Detroit. Adjustments were made to the local
purchasing coefficients of real estate (rental), transit (such as buses), and
retail bookstores to reflect student spending more closely. After making these
adjustments, we estimate that URC students spend $97.7 million directly in Detroit
each year due to the presence of the URC. This economic activity has a multiplier
of 1.43, meaning for every dollar of direct economic impact there is $0.43 of
indirect and induced impact.
Therefore, the total economic impact of student spending is:
„„ $140.0 million a year
„„ 1,406 jobs

Alumni Spending
An estimated 11,211 URC alumni live in Detroit—6,572 with an undergraduate
degree, and 4,639 with a graduate degree. Alumni living in the city earned an
estimated $649.1 million.8
Most of these earnings cannot be said to be the result
of the URC. Many of these alumni were likely to have attended college elsewhere
in the absence of the URC. For the purposes of estimating the economic impact to
Detroit, we include the portion of alumni earnings that we assume are attributable
to their attendance at the URC. To do this, we produce an estimate of the
additional earnings these workers have as a result of attendance. URC alumni
earn more on average than graduates from other Michigan colleges. We estimate
the amount that URC workers earn on average and compare that average to
the average Michigan college graduate with the same years of experience,
and use that increment when estimating the net economic impact. On average,
URC alumni living in Detroit earn 23 percent more than graduates from other
universities with a similar degrees and years of experience.9
Accounting only for the increase in income alumni receive because they have a
URC degree results in a direct effect on Detroit’s economy of $121.5 million, with a
total effect of:
„„ 590 jobs supported with the spending resulting from the incremental earnings
of URC alumni
URC Tax Payments
Although the URC is exempt from property taxes, it did generate a significant
amount of tax revenues in Detroit. The city levies an income tax at a rate of
2.4 percent for residents and 1.2 percent for nonresidents. The URC paid
approximately $400 million in wages to commuting and resident faculty and staff
in 2014, generating approximately $5.5 million in city income taxes. Including
indirect and induced economic activity brings the estimated income tax payments
resulting from URC activity to $7.1 million, representing approximately 2.8 percent
of total Detroit income tax collections.
The URC is exempt from property taxation. The indirect and induced economic
activity of the URC does result in property tax payments, however. In 2014,
these property tax payments totaled an estimated $8.4 million. Only 40 percent
of property tax payments actually go to the City of Detroit, however; the State
of Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and other entities also
receive shares. Payments to the City of Detroit were approximately $3.3 million,
representing 1.5 percent of city property taxes (City of Detroit 2015).
8
The methodology for estimating alumni earnings is detailed in Appendix A.
9
See Appendix A.

Engaging Detroit

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Appendix A: Methodology
Overview
This appendix contains an overview of the methodologies and assumptions used to produce the research and engagement
and economic impact estimates. It includes:
„„ Research Award Methodology
„„ IMPLAN Model
„„ Operational and Capital Expenditures Modeling
„„ Operational Expenditures
„„ Capital Expenditures
„„ Employee Impact
„„ Student Spending
„„ Alumni Spending
„„ Tax Impact
Research Award Methodology
To quantify the amount of research that is “Detroit-centric,” we collaborated with URC staff to review research awards data
from the URC universities (including all University of Michigan campuses) for projects active from 2010 to 2014.
The team’s working definition for “Detroit-centric” included any research or outreach activity that focused on people and
organizations primarily in the city of Detroit. While many activities were physically located in the city, a number of projects
extended beyond the city to include surrounding communities. The team used professional judgment to determine if the
majority benefit went to Detroit residents. In other cases, the activity was conducted primarily on university campuses, but the
focus of the work was on Detroit residents and issues, the outcomes of which would impact the people of Detroit.
The search method was based on the model used in previously published URC industry reports (e.g., Blue Economy), and
includes a multitiered search process conducted by several independent researchers. The first tier of the search process
includes analysis of recognized search terms—such as “Detroit,” “urban,” and names of Detroit neighborhoods—as well
as terms that relate to the challenges facing Detroit—such as “disparities” or “revitalization.” The next tier is reviewing the
titles of awards receiving funding from organizations known to support research and engagement in Detroit (e.g., Skillman
Foundation). All awards of researchers who had at least one project tagged as Detroit-centric were reviewed, as were all
awards supported by funders that received a Detroit tag for at least one award made.
„„ In many cases, the title of the award provided insufficient information to determine if it was focused on Detroit. For these,
researchers investigated the nature of the awards by reviewing available materials, such as dedicated web pages, press
releases, grant applications, medical trial applications and calls for participants, and published journal articles.
Reconciliation of independent researchers’ coding of awards was conducted through discussion and review, resulting in a
codified list of awards.
Our estimate for the amount of awards active during the 2010–2014 period includes projects that started before 2010 and
others that were active after 2014. We allocated the amount of awards that “count” during this period by:
„„ Dividing the total award amount by the estimated number of days between the award start and end dates listed in the
data
„„ Estimating the number of days in each year from 2010 to 2014 that were between the project’s start and end dates
„„ Multiplying the average daily amount of the award by the number of days during the target years for which the project
was active
This methodology is limited in that it does not account for any systematic variation in spending of research award amounts,
such as a tendency to spend down awards more heavily toward the beginning or end of the projects.

Appendix A | 50
Engaging Detroit
IMPLAN Model
The economic impact estimates were generated using IMPLAN (IMpact analysis for PLANning). IMPLAN was developed
by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in the 1970s and was further developed in the 1980s through a partnership with the
University of Minnesota. It is currently owned by IMPLAN Group LLC in Huntersville, North Carolina. IMPLAN uses 536
industry classifications to model the economy. Data are available at the national, state, county, and zip code level. Zip code
level data can be aggregated to create regions and cities.
URC institutions provided line item Detroit spending information for 2014–2015. PSC used these data to model the economic
impact of the URC on Detroit using a hybrid bill of goods modeling approach (Swenson, 2013). Under this approach, the
characteristics of the college and university sector in IMPLAN were modified to match the actual characteristics of URC
university spending data. The model’s direct coefficients attribute spending across industrial sectors. These coefficients were
adjusted to reflect actual university spending.
Margins
Wholesale and retail trade purchases need special treatment in economic impact analysis. Trade margins need to be
applied to the purchase price of wholesale and retail purchases.1
Trade margins identify the share of a sale that stays with
the wholesaler or retailer. This trade margin represents the markup value of purchased goods. Adjusting for this trade margin
is important, because goods purchased in the city are often not produced there. A significant portion of the purchase price
is attributable to production and transportation costs, and these costs should not be included as part of the overall economic
impact to the city. IMPLAN provides the trade margins for wholesale and retail industries. These can be used by either
building the model through an analysis by parts, or by identifying the trade margins to “deflate” the purchase price of goods
to include only the share that actually remains in the region. This analysis deflated the purchase price of retail and wholesale
purchases.
Operational and Capital Expenditures Modeling
In total, nearly 1,800 individual URC purchase line items were coded for use in IMPLAN for the operational, capital, and
hospital impact estimates. This information was categorized by type of activity for use in the IMPLAN model. In many
cases, the vendor name did not indicate the industry of the firm. In these cases, PSC researched the firm to identify the
appropriate spending sector. All operational expenditures valued at $20,000 or greater were coded for analysis. Operational
expenditures valued at less than $20,000 were also coded when the vendor had already been identified or the universities
provided information on the appropriate sector. All capital and hospital expenditures were coded for IMPLAN regardless
of value. In total, $285 million of the $288 million in line item expenses in Detroit were categorized and applied to a sector in
IMPLAN.
Once the major IMPLAN sectors were identified, the ratio of operational spending to total spending for each sector was
calculated. This allowed the industry impacts to be further tailored to the specific spending patterns of the URC. This process
was done for each of the 15 industries with the greatest share of URC spending. The capital expenditure and hospital
expenditure models were run using an industry change model that apportioned purchases directly to the appropriate
industry.
After balancing the model to allocate any uncategorized URC spending to other sectors, industry multipliers were
reconstructed.
1
For more information on trade margins, visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis website and reference the RIMS II Handbook: An Essential
Tool for Regional Developers and Planners. Available at: https://bea.gov/regional/pdf/rims/RIMSII_User_Guide.pdf.

Operational Expenditures
Operational and hospital expenditures were combined for presentation in the report. Exhibit A1 shows these combined
direct, indirect, induced and total employment and impact.
EXHIBIT A1. Economic Impact, Operational Expenditures
Impact Type Employment Economic Impact (millions of $)
Direct Effect N/A $170.8
Indirect Effect 434 $58.8
Induced Effect 77 $10.6
Total Effect 511 $240.2
The individual analyses for the operational and hospital expenditures are presented separately below.
This analysis assumed that 90 percent of the $185,652,402 total URC operational expenditures were new to Detroit, meaning
that $167,087,162 would not have been spent but for the presence of the URC. Trade margins were applied to retail and
wholesale purchases prior estimation of the total economic impact. Exhibit A2 shows the results of the net operational
expenditures IMPLAN analysis, not including hospital spending.2
The direct effect of the URC spending is lower than the total
net spending of $167 million, due to margining of wholesale and retail trade purchases.
EXHIBIT A2. Economic Impact, Operational Expenditures (not including hospitals)
Impact Type Employment Labor Income Value Added Output
Direct Effect N/A N/A N/A $164,927,500
Indirect Effect 382 $23,178,304 $32,680,887 $57,329,649
Induced Effect 67 $2,953,950 $5,182,125 $9,182,214
Total Effect 449 $26,132,255 $37,863,011 $231,439,363
*Totals may differ due to rounding.
Health Insurance Expenditures
Health insurance payments included in operational expenditures were broken down into major spending categories. To
remove the potential for double-counting health insurance benefits with URC staff benefits, health benefit payments to faculty
and staff living in Detroit were removed when analyzing the impact of URC payroll expenditures on Detroit’s economy. Health
insurance expenditures were allocated to several underlying industries to better capture how these expenditures flow through
the economy. Administrative costs were assumed to represent 15 percent of health insurance costs. The remainder was
allocated across various health sectors. Based on a Health Research Institute (2014) report, this analysis assumed that of the
remaining funds:
„„ 31 percent is spent on inpatient care
„„ 19 percent on outpatient care
„„ 31 percent on professional services
„„ 15 percent on pharmacy services
„„ 4 percent other
2
The IMPLAN economic impact tables do not sum across columns. Labor income is part of the total value added presented, and the value
added (which already includes labor income) is part of the total output, but these are not the only contributors to total output.

Appendix A | 52
Engaging Detroit
We assumed that 100 percent of the administrative costs were attributable to Detroit’s economy, since the health insurers
had a significant employment presence in the city. Finally, since most of the employees associated with the medical
expenses paid by the URC do not live in Detroit, we assumed that only 5 percent of the total medical expenses associated
with U-M and MSU faculty/staff and 50 percent of WSU medical expenses actually occurred in Detroit.
Hospital Expenditure Analysis
While the URC does not directly operate hospitals in Detroit, it does utilize Detroit hospital services and partners with the
hospitals for educational purposes. The spending on hospitals by the URC was modeled separately, and then combined with
the total operational expenditures for reporting purposes. This analysis assumed that 80 percent of the total $7,363,825 in
hospital expenditures were new to Detroit, meaning $5.9 million would not have been spent in the city otherwise.
EXHIBIT A3. Economic Impact, Hospitals
Direct Effect 41 $3,065,644 $3,329,171 $5,891,060
Indirect Effect 11 $578,190 $855,435 $1,490,407
Induced Effect 10 $442,197 $775,494 $1,374,042
Total Effect 62 $4,086,031 $4,960,100 $8,755,509
Capital Expenditures
University expenditures on capital goods, including construction projects, were examined separately from operational
expenditures. These expenditures are highly variable from year to year. In 2015, the URC had $247,843,853 in capital
expenditures, including construction, with vendors in Detroit. An additional $49,994,442 was spent on construction activities
that occurred in Detroit, but were paid to non-Detroit vendors.
Construction Sector
Construction expenditures create a unique situation when looking at a small geographic area, such as a single city. While a
Detroit construction company may be the vendor, the actual construction may be occurring elsewhere in the state. Often, a
large portion of supplies and labor are purchased close to the location of the construction project, so applying the full value
of a construction expenditure to the city would overestimate the actual impact. We assumed that all construction projects with
Detroit contractors valued under $500,000 were fully attributable to the city. Construction projects by WSU were assumed
to be 100 percent local, regardless of value. Construction projects occurring outside of the city, but awarded to a Detroit
vendor, were given a 20 percent administrative and 15 percent labor/material share of the total project value.
Construction that occurred in Detroit, but were awarded to non-Detroit vendors, still impact the local economy. Just as we
assume that construction that occurs outside of the city would not have a full effect on Detroit’s economy, we also assume
that construction occurring in Detroit by outside vendors would have some effect on the local economy, through the purchase
of local goods and/or labor. This analysis assumes that 40 percent of the total projects, expenses have a local impact.
After adjusting for the percentage of construction spending that is estimated to have actually occurred in Detroit, these
expenses were combined with other capital expenditures for a total contribution of $135,196,102 to the Detroit’s economy.
The analysis assumed that 95 percent of the spending would not have occurred if not for the presence of the URC (meaning
that 5 percent would have occurred in Detroit regardless, such as another university using a Detroit vendor to build a
dorm room). After accounting for the local construction impact, and the net new impact, total Detroit capital spending was
$128,436,297. The direct effect estimated and reported in Exhibit A4 is lower than the net Detroit spending because it takes
into account wholesale and retail margins, when necessary.

EXHIBIT A4. Detroit Economic Impact, Capital Expenditures
Direct Effect 647 $41,572,135 $50,569,502 $128,053,832
Indirect Effect 164 $10,551,893 $15,553,330 $29,678,574
Induced Effect 166 $7,325,699 $12,859,293 $22,787,153
Total Effect 976 $59,449,727 $78,982,125 $180,519,559
Employee Impact
For reporting purposes, resident and commuting employee economic impacts were combined. However, these groups differ
in how they spend money in the city, and therefore, were estimated separately.
URC faculty and staff who reside in Detroit were modeled through a labor income change analysis, using regional purchase
coefficients to capture the impact of their spending. This allowed for leakages from the economy due to purchases by
residents outside of Detroit. The total faculty and staff counts and wages, including benefits (provided directly by the
university or using a university fringe rate) were provided for all staff living in or working in Detroit. The detailed information
allowed a precise split between resident and nonresident faculty and staff. In total, the URC employed 8,327 faculty and staff:
1,981 residents and 6,346 commuters. The total impact for resident and commuting faculty and staff is presented in Exhibit A5.
EXHIBIT A5. Total Employee Impact: Detroit Resident Employees and Commuters
Direct Effect 7,494 $124,866,931 N/A $124,866,931
Indirect Effect N/A N/A N/A N/A
Induced Effect 626 $23,039,568 $38,995,984 $68,699,171
Total Effect 8,120 $147,906,499 $38,995,984 $193,566,102
Net Resident Impact
The URC has 1,981 university faculty and staff living in Detroit; in total, they earn $106.2 million per year. We assumed that
90 percent of URC employees living in Detroit are doing so because of the URC’s presence. The total net new employees to
Detroit include 1,783 resident faculty and staff with a payroll of $95,556,026,3
resulting in a total economic impact of $142.6
million and 2,124 jobs.
EXHIBIT A6. Detroit Economic Impact, Resident Faculty and Staff
Impact Type Employment Labor Income Value Added Economic Impact
Direct Effect 1,783 $95,556,026 N/A $95,556,026
Induced Effect 341 $15,128,359 $26,528,920 $47,004,201
Total Effect 2,124 $110,684,385 $26,528,920 $142,560,227
3
IMPLAN automatically calculates a percentage of local commuters and removes their spending from the labor impact model. PSC adjusted
the input value of labor income to account for the fact that all resident employees are in fact residents of Detroit. Commuters were estimated
separately. This was necessary because the model assumes only a 32 percent commuter rate for Detroit, while the URC population commut-
er rate is much higher.

Appendix A | 54
Engaging Detroit
Commuter Spending Profile
A yearly spending profile for commuters was developed to estimate the economic contribution of non-resident faculty and
staff. Several sources were used to compile a single average spending profile for use in IMPLAN:
„„ $896 per year on lunch (Sillin 2016)
„„ $780 per year for coffee (Muniz 2014)
„„ $1,476 per year for commuting costs (Wolters Kluwer 2016)
„„ $1,980 on miscellaneous retail expenditures
The miscellaneous retail expenditures were determined from the 2015 Gallup poll that estimated that discretionary spending
for the average individual American is $86 per day or $602 per week (Riffkin 2015). Commuting, lunch, and coffee spending
was subtracted from the total, leaving $533 per week in discretionary spending, or $380.73 per work week. This research
assumed that 10 percent of these remaining discretionary funds were spent within the city of Detroit for miscellaneous goods
and services, for a total of $38.07 per week in additional expenditures or approximately $1,980 annually.
Based on these assumptions, we estimated that employees working in Detroit spent an average of $5,132 in Detroit, or a total
of $32,567,672.
Net Commuter Impact
We also assumed that 90 percent of commuters work in Detroit because of the URC, resulting in 5,711 net new commuting
employees with a total net spending of $29,310,905. Much of this spending is on the purchase of retail goods or services
(gasoline, food and beverage stores, etc.), meaning that only the retail margin is counted as an impact directly to Detroit.4
The total impact for URC commuters to Detroit is $49 million, with 5,711 commuters and an additional generation of 285 jobs.
EXHIBIT A7. Detroit Economic Impact, Commuters
Impact Type Employment Labor Income Value Added Economic Impact
Direct Effect 5,711 $29,310,905 N/A $29,310,905
Induced Effect 285 $7,911,209 $12,467,065 $21,694,970
Total Effect 5,996 $37,222,114 $12,467,065 $51,005,875
Student Spending
We made several assumptions to estimate the net impact of student spending. First, given that there are few schools in
Detroit that have the same draw and presence as WSU and U-M Dearborn, we assumed that all students who live in Detroit
and attend a URC institution, but who are originally from another part of the state, are only in Detroit because of the URC. For
students originally from Detroit, we assumed that 80 percent are attending school in Detroit because of the URC.
We excluded tuition payments from our analysis, since this impact is captured through the analysis of university spending.
We also excluded spending for on-campus housing. Finally, graduate assistants and medical residents who worked for the
universities in Detroit were excluded, since they were captured in the employee analysis. The total number of graduate assistants
and medical students working in Detroit was subtracted proportionally from the categories of “from Detroit” and “non-Detroit”
students. Four percent of graduate students attending WSU are “from Detroit” while 96 percent are not. These percentages were
applied to graduate assistants and medical residents working in Detroit for removal from the total student counts.
In total, there are 28,335 URC students living in or attending school in Detroit. After removing employees and adjusting for
students who would have attended school in Detroit anyway, there were 27,194 net new students.
4
Commuter purchases were modeled using an industry change analysis in IMPLAN. The economic impact is presented on the same basis
as the income change model used for residents to make the impacts comparable.

Student Data
The total number of undergraduate, graduate, and professional students living in Detroit was provided by URC institutions.
This allowed for a breakdown of spending by type of student to more accurately depict the total economic impact. Estimated
student budgets provided a baseline for estimating student expenditures in Detroit (WSU 2016j; CollegeBoard 2016). Full-
time and part-time student spending profiles were modeled for both undergraduate and graduate students. Students were
further divided into those living on campus, those living off campus with a parent, and those living off campus independently.
In total, 12 student spending profiles were developed.
Student expenditure estimates available online from WSU break down student spending into the following categories:
„„ Books and supplies
„„ Room and board
„„ Miscellaneous
„„ Transportation
„„ Tuition-related expenses5
Several of these categories were further broken down to allow for more precise estimation of the economic impact of students and
more accurate modeling in IMPLAN. A high-level spending profile used for full-time undergraduate students is presented below.
EXHIBIT A8: 2015–2016 Full-time Undergraduate Student Budget
Budget Item Living With Parent Living Off Campus Living On Campus
Books & Supplies $1,196 $1,196 $1,196
Room & Board* $1,350 $9,133 $9,874*
Groceries $1,350 $1,350 N/A
Room N/A $7,783 N/A
Transportation $3,681 $3,681 $1,082
Miscellaneous $1,548 $1,980 $1,944
Restaurants $471 $602 $346
Entertainment $369 $472 $518
Miscellaneous $708 $905 $994
Groceries N/A N/A $86
Subtotal $7,775 $15,990 $4,222
*To avoid double-counting, the economic impact analysis does not include room and board for students living on campus,
but does include miscellaneous expenses on groceries they may purchase.
*Totals and sub-totals may differ due to rounding.
Student expenditures on transportation and miscellaneous expenditures were further broken down into categories such as
gas, car insurance, cell phone expenditures, restaurant purchases, etc. We estimated that students in Detroit due to the
presence of the URC spent $274 million in 2014–2015. Regional purchase coefficients were used to determine how much
student spending actually occurred in Detroit. Adjustments were made to the local purchasing coefficients of real estate
(rental), transit (such as buses), and retail bookstores to reflect regional spending more closely. Retail margins were applied
to this spending where appropriate. In total, students spent $97.7 million directly in Detroit due to the presence of the URC.
5
Tuition-related expenses are not included in the spending pattern of students, as this would constitute a double counting with university
expenditure.

Appendix A | 56
Engaging Detroit
EXHIBIT A9: Economic Impact, Student Expenditures
Direct Effect 1,119 $31,098,637 $61,270,691 $97,697,262
Indirect Effect 165 $8,826,054 $13,766,300 $25,523,882
Induced Effect 122 $5,400,364 $9,477,441 $16,793,893
Total Effect 1,406 $45,325,055 $84,514,432 $140,015,038
Alumni Spending
The URC provided a count of the alumni living in every zip code in Michigan, which was used to calculate the number of
URC alumni living in Detroit. In total, an estimated 11,211 URC alumni live in Detroit—6,572 with an undergraduate degree,
and 4,639 with a graduate degree.
Using URC provided data on undergraduate/graduate counts and graduation year in combination with the American
Community Survey (ACS) data on age, education, wages and employment for the city of Detroit, a detailed age/income
distribution was developed for both graduate and undergraduate degree holders. This distribution takes into account the
estimated experience graduates have based on their year of graduation. Earnings were adjusted up to reflect the fact that
graduates of URC institutions make more than the average Michigan college graduate. This was estimated using federal
scorecard data from the U.S. Department of Education (2016). The weighted average of earnings for alumni of the URC
institutions was 23 percent higher than for the comparison group, so wage estimates for URC alumni were increased by 23
percent above the average wage. Alumni living in the city earned an estimated $649.1 million.
Many of these alumni would have attended college elsewhere in the absence of the URC. For the purposes of estimating the
economic impact to Detroit, we included only the portion of alumni earnings that we estimated were attributable to their URC
attendance. As noted, URC alumni living in Detroit earn 23 percent more than graduates from other universities with similar
degrees and years of experience. This increment was used to calculate the economic impact of alumni, which is a net new
total of $121,467,621. All alumni who currently reside in Detroit were included in the analysis. The total economic impact is
presented in Exhibit A10.
EXHIBIT A10: Economic Impact, Alumni Expenditures
Direct Effect N/A $121,467,621 $0 $121,467,621
Induced Effect 590 $26,135,383 $46,346,696 $82,318,657
Total Effect 590 $147,603,004 $46,346,696 $203,786,278
Tax Impact
The URC provided an estimate of the wages paid to resident and nonresident staff. We calculated an estimate of taxable
income per worker by calculating the average income per worker, and then reduced it by the average household size,
multiplied by Detroit’s personal exemption of $600. We assumed an average household size of 2.71 people for resident
staff and an average household size of 2.53 for nonresident staff, the average household sizes for Detroit and Michigan,
respectively (U.S. Census Bureau 2016). We then calculated the average household income tax payment by multiplying
taxable income by Detroit’s tax rate of 2.4 percent for residents and 1.2 percent for nonresidents. This calculation resulted in
an estimated income tax payment of $5.5 million for URC faculty and staff.

The $5.5 million in income represented $0.01388 in income tax for each dollar of wages. We applied this rate to all other
labor income (net of benefits) identified by the IMPLAN model. This added an additional $1.5 million in income taxes which
rounded up to total income tax payments of $7.1 million.
Facilities owned by the URC are exempt from property tax payments. We used the IMPLAN model estimates of property
tax payments for induced and indirect effects. The IMPLAN model identified $8.4 million in state and local property tax
payments. The average property tax rate in Detroit is 84.5 mills (Detroit Economic Growth Corporation n.d.). Of this, 33.5
mills (39.6 percent) are dedicated to the city. Therefore, we estimated that URC activity resulted in $3.3 million in property tax
payments to the city.
Appendix B:
URC Sector Reports
Over the past eight years, Michigan’s University Research Corridor – an alliance between Michigan State University, the
University of Michigan and Wayne State University –has commissioned a series of reports examining the contributions of the
URC to key sectors of Michigan’s economy. Key findings include:
Talent for the Global Economy (2015)
„„ Among top research university clusters, the URC universities ranked first in medical degrees and total degrees awarded,
and enrollment, and second in advanced degrees in high-tech fields such as engineering and sciences.
„„ Of the 32,000 URC graduates each year, more than a third earn degrees in high-demand fields, such as medicine and
engineering.
„„ Ann Arbor, East Lansing and Midtown Detroit residents 25 years old and older are three times more likely to have a
degree compared to other Michigan communities.
Blue Economy (2014)
„„ One in five Michigan jobs (718,700) is associated with water-enabled or water-related industries.
„„ From 2009-2013, URC universities received 2,100 awards totaling nearly $300 million and supporting 341 researchers
from dozens of departments for water-related research and outreach.
„„ Each year, URC universities produce more than 3,400 graduates prepared to analyze and find solutions to water-related
issues in academia, government, and the private sector.
Alumni Entrepreneurship (2013)
„„ A 2013 survey of URC alumni found 19.1 percent of respondents had founded or co-founded a business.
„„ URC alumni entrepreneurs started or acquired businesses at double the national average rate among college graduates
between 1996 and 2012, and many of these companies were in fields outside their major area of study.
„„ URC alumni entrepreneurs have started businesses in every state and more than 100 countries.
„„ Nearly half of the businesses started by URC alumni entrepreneurs began in Michigan.
„„ URC alumni-started firms were nearly 1.5 times more likely to stay in business versus the national average.
Automotive Innovation (2012)
„„ The URC universities confer more than 3,600 degrees annually in auto-ready disciplines, supplying the industry with talent.
„„ Between FY 2007 and 2011, the URC universities spent $300 million on more than 1,400 auto projects. More than 28% of
the research was funded by private industry – nine times the average share of industry funding for all university R&D at
these institutions.
„„ URC researchers have helped automakers improve vehicle quality and safety, improve engine efficiency and
performance, and reduce fossil fuel use.

Appendix B | 58
Engaging Detroit
Information and Communication Technology (2011)
„„ URC universities spent nearly $74 million on research projects with a strong IT focus in FY2010.
„„ Nearly 40% of the approximately 150 URC-assisted start-ups between 2001 to 2011 had an ICT component.
„„ Information technology employs about 3.5 percent of the state’s workforce (135,000 workers) – a significant stand-alone
sector and the underpinning for much of the major industry activity and growth represented in previous sector reports.
Advanced Manufacturing (2010)
„„ In 2007, Michigan’s advanced manufacturing industry employed 381,351 workers, accounting for 10.3 percent of all
employment. One-third of the Midwest’s advanced manufacturing jobs were in Michigan, paying an average wage of
$64,122.
„„ URC universities spent $101 million on advanced manufacturing R&D in 2009.
„„ URC universities are educating more than 14,000 students in engineering.
Life Sciences (2009)
„„ Michigan’s life sciences industry employed more than 79,000 workers, (2.1 percent of all employment in 2006).
„„ Between 1999 and 2006, life sciences industry employment grew by 10.7 percent while manufacturing employment
dropped by 24 percent.
„„ Life sciences wages averaged $83,494 in 2006.
„„ In 2008, URC universities spent $887 million on life sciences research and development.
„„ R&D expenditures grew 69 percent since the founding of the Life Sciences Corridor in 1999.
Alternative Energy Research and Development (2008)
„„ Michigan has a comparative advantage in biomass and wind compared to the energy potential in the other 49 states.
„„ URC universities spent more than $79.5 million on R&D related to alternative energy in 2007.
„„ More than 50% of all alternative energy R&D supported the auto industry.

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