Databases and data structures are both essential for managing and organizing data, but they serve different purposes. The key difference is that databases focus on storing, retrieving, and managing large volumes of structured information, while data structures are designed to optimize the efficiency of data manipulation within a program.While databases are often larger and persistent, data structures are temporary and designed for use within active programs. Both are crucial to different aspects of software development, with databases focusing on large-scale data management and data structures aimed at improving the efficiency of computational tasks. In practice, developers often use databases in ... Read More

What is a Decision Table? Decision Tables provide a structured, tabular format that clearly lists all possible conditions and corresponding actions, making them ideal for scenarios where multiple factors need to be considered simultaneously. This format is particularly useful in rule-based systems where clarity and precision are paramount. Decision Tables are often favored for their ability to handle complex logic efficiently, offering a compact overview of decisions in a concise, easy-to-update format. Example of a Decision TableLet's take the scenario of Online Order Discount Eligibility. An e-commerce company uses a decision table to determine whether customers are ... Read More

A heap is a data structure which is based on tree. This tree is a complete binary tree which consists of N nodes and log N height. The elements whose priority is highest or lowest can be easily removed. This heap structure is displayed in the form of an array. The heaps can be used to derive maximum and minimum values. Heap is of two types which are Min Heap and Max heap and in this article, we will see the difference between them. What is Min Heap? The key in the Min Heap is available at the root node. ... Read More

Linked List The linked list is a linear data structure containing elements called nodes. Each node consists of two main components: data (payload of that node) and a pointer to the next node in the list. They are simple and efficient to use providing easy allocation and deallocation of memory. Doubly Linked List Doubly linked list is a special type of linked list which again consists of a basic element called nodes. Each node consists of three main components: data (payload of that node), a pointer to the previous node of the sequence and a pointer to the next ... Read More

In today’s world with a large amount of data and interconnected systems, a vast amount of data is created and stored across various machines. One challenging challenge is to sort this data stored across multiple devices. Sorting being a fundamental operation in computations is used for optimal retrieval, search and analysis of data. But with distributed systems and various interconnected machines, this task of sorting becomes difficult and important. Problem Statement Given an array containing N linked lists that depict N different machines. Each of these linked lists contains some variable number of numbers in sorted order. The task is ... Read More

Segment Tree A segment tree is a tree data structure used for storing intervals and segments. It is a static structure, i.e. it cannot be modified once it is built. Segment trees are used to handle range queries on an array or a similar linear data structure. In a segment tree, we divide an input array into segments and precompute the values for these segments. Each node in a segment tree depicts an interval or segment of the array. The root node represents the entire array and each child node represents the segments formed by dividing the parent node. This division leads ... Read More

Segment Tree − A segment tree is a tree data structure used for storing intervals and segments. It is a static structure, i.e. it cannot be modified once it is built. Segment trees are used to handle range queries on an array or a similar linear data structure. In a segment tree, we divide an input array into segments and precompute the values for these segments. Each node in a segment tree depicts an interval or segment of the array. The root node represents the entire array and each child node represents the segments formed by dividing the parent node. This ... Read More

In computer science, binary matrix holds a very strong position containing a lot of information as the data is depicted using 0’s and 1’s which is the language of computers. In binary matrix, unique row refers to a row that is not identical to any other row in the matrix. Each unique row contains unique information that is not present anywhere else in the matrix except the row itself. Discovering these unique rows give information about relationships between rows, patterns in the matrix and identification of critical elements. Problem Statement Given a binary matrix mat[] containing 0’s and 1’s. The ... Read More

Trie − A trie is a tree-based data structure used to store and retrieve a dynamic set of strings. Compressed Trie − A compressed trie is a variation of the trie data structure used for storing and searching dynamic sets of strings. Memory usage is minimised by sharing common prefixes. In a compressed trie, nodes with only one child are merged with their parent nodes compressing the common prefixes into a single edge. Suffix Tree − A suffix tree is a data structure used in string processing to store and search for all suffixes of a given string. It represents all possible suffixes ... Read More

Anagrams − An anagram is a word or a phrase formed by rearranging the alphabets of another word or phrase, usually once. Some examples of anagrams are given below − Top - Pot Silent - Listen Post - Stop Dog - God Problem Statement Given an array of words arr[]. For the given array print all the anagrams together. Sample Example 1 Input arr[] = {“star”, “god”, “vile”, “save”, “evil”, “care”, “arts”, “race”, “dog”, “vase”} Output arts star care race dog god evil vile save vase ... Read More