Android Jetpack 组件

1、ViewModel

用于将数据与Activity分离，这样在Activity生命周期中，数据不会丢失。

（1）简单使用

    implementation ("androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0") // 使用ViewModel组件需要额外添加

简单计数器

<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/infoText"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:textSize="32sp"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/plusOneBtn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="Plus One"/>
</LinearLayout>

package com.jpc.jetpackapp

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel

// 与MainActivity有关的数据
class MainViewModel: ViewModel() {
   
   
    var counter = 0;
}

package com.jpc.jetpackapp

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
   
   
    private lateinit var viewModel: MainViewModel
    private lateinit var infoText: TextView
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
   
   
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        infoText = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.infoText)
        // ViewModelProvider(<你的Activity或Fragment实例>).get(<你的ViewModel>::class.java)
        // 不在onCreate方法中创建ViewModel是因为他的生命周期比Activity长，如果Activity重建就会重新创建ViewModel造成数据丢失
        viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this).get(MainViewModel::class.java)
        val plusOneBtn = findViewById<Button>(R.id.plusOneBtn)
        plusOneBtn.setOnClickListener{
   
   
            viewModel.counter++
            refreshCounter()
        }
        refreshCounter()
    }
    private fun refreshCounter(){
   
   
        infoText.text = viewModel.counter.toString()
    }
}

登录示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
        android:id="@+id/text_input_account"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="200dp"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="25dp"
        >
        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
            android:id="@+id/et_account"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:background="@color/white"
            android:hint="账号"
            />
    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
        android:id="@+id/text_input_password"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/text_input_account"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="25dp"
        >
        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
            android:id="@+id/et_password"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:background="@color/white"
            android:hint="密码"
            />
    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

    <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
        android:id="@+id/btn_login"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/text_input_password"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:layout_margin="64dp"
        android:insetTop="0dp"
        android:insetBottom="0dp"
        android:inputType="textVisiblePassword"
        android:text="登  录"
        app:cornerRadius="12dp"
        />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

data class User(val account: String, val password: String) {
   
   
}

package com.jpc.mvvmstudy.ui

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import com.jpc.mvvmstudy.logic.model.User

class MainViewModel: ViewModel() {
   
   
    var user: User? = null
}

package com.jpc.mvvmstudy

import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider
import com.jpc.mvvmstudy.databinding.ActivityMainBinding
import com.jpc.mvvmstudy.logic.model.User
import com.jpc.mvvmstudy.ui.MainViewModel

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
   
   
    lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
   
   
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        enableEdgeToEdge() // 开启全屏显示
        bindi