base/pickle.h

// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef BASE_PICKLE_H__
#define BASE_PICKLE_H__

#include <string>

#include "base/base_export.h"
#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/gtest_prod_util.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/strings/string16.h"

class Pickle;

// PickleIterator reads data from a Pickle. The Pickle object must remain valid
// while the PickleIterator object is in use.
class BASE_EXPORT PickleIterator {
 public:
  PickleIterator() : read_ptr_(NULL), read_end_ptr_(NULL) {}
  explicit PickleIterator(const Pickle& pickle);

  // Methods for reading the payload of the Pickle. To read from the start of
  // the Pickle, create a PickleIterator from a Pickle. If successful, these
  // methods return true. Otherwise, false is returned to indicate that the
  // result could not be extracted.
  bool ReadBool(bool* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadInt(int* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadLong(long* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadUInt16(uint16* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadUInt32(uint32* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadInt64(int64* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadUInt64(uint64* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadFloat(float* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadString(std::string* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadWString(std::wstring* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadString16(string16* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadData(const char** data, int* length) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
  bool ReadBytes(const char** data, int length) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;

  // Safer version of ReadInt() checks for the result not being negative.
  // Use it for reading the object sizes.
  bool ReadLength(int* result) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT {
    return ReadInt(result) && *result >= 0;
  }

  // Skips bytes in the read buffer and returns true if there are at least
  // num_bytes available. Otherwise, does nothing and returns false.
  bool SkipBytes(int num_bytes) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT {
    return !!GetReadPointerAndAdvance(num_bytes);
  }

 private:
  // Aligns 'i' by rounding it up to the next multiple of 'alignment'
  static size_t AlignInt(size_t i, int alignment) {
    return i + (alignment - (i % alignment)) % alignment;
  }

  // Read Type from Pickle.
  template <typename Type>
  inline bool ReadBuiltinType(Type* result);

  // Get read pointer for Type and advance read pointer.
  template<typename Type>
  inline const char* GetReadPointerAndAdvance();

  // Get read pointer for |num_bytes| and advance read pointer. This method
  // checks num_bytes for negativity and wrapping.
  const char* GetReadPointerAndAdvance(int num_bytes);

  // Get read pointer for (num_elements * size_element) bytes and advance read
  // pointer. This method checks for int overflow, negativity and wrapping.
  inline const char* GetReadPointerAndAdvance(int num_elements,
                                              size_t size_element);

  // Pointers to the Pickle data.
  const char* read_ptr_;
  const char* read_end_ptr_;

  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PickleTest, GetReadPointerAndAdvance);
};

// This class provides facilities for basic binary value packing and unpacking.
//
// The Pickle class supports appending primitive values (ints, strings, etc.)
// to a pickle instance.  The Pickle instance grows its internal memory buffer
// dynamically to hold the sequence of primitive values.   The internal memory
// buffer is exposed as the "data" of the Pickle.  This "data" can be passed
// to a Pickle object to initialize it for reading.
//
// When reading from a Pickle object, it is important for the consumer to know
// what value types to read and in what order to read them as the Pickle does
// not keep track of the type of data written to it.
//
// The Pickle's data has a header which contains the size of the Pickle's
// payload.  It can optionally support additional space in the header.  That
// space is controlled by the header_size parameter passed to the Pickle
// constructor.
//
class BASE_EXPORT Pickle {
 public:
  // Initialize a Pickle object using the default header size.
  Pickle();

  // Initialize a Pickle object with the specified header size in bytes, which
  // must be greater-than-or-equal-to sizeof(Pickle::Header).  The header size
  // will be rounded up to ensure that the header size is 32bit-aligned.
  explicit Pickle(int header_size);

  // Initializes a Pickle from a const block of data.  The data is not copied;
  // instead the data is merely referenced by this Pickle.  Only const methods
  // should be used on the Pickle when initialized this way.  The header
  // padding size is deduced from the data length.
  Pickle(const char* data, int data_len);

  // Initializes a Pickle as a deep copy of another Pickle.
  Pickle(const Pickle& other);

  // Note: There are no virtual methods in this class.  This destructor is
  // virtual as an element of defensive coding.  Other classes have derived from
  // this class, and there is a *chance* that they will cast into this base
  // class before destruction.  At least one such class does have a virtual
  // destructor, suggesting at least some need to call more derived destructors.
  virtual ~Pickle();

  // Performs a deep copy.
  Pickle& operator=(const Pickle& other);

  // Returns the size of the Pickle's data.
  size_t size() const { return header_size_ + header_->payload_size; }

  // Returns the data for this Pickle.
  const void* data() const { return header_; }

  // For compatibility, these older style read methods pass through to the
  // PickleIterator methods.
  // TODO(jbates) Remove these methods.
  bool ReadBool(PickleIterator* iter, bool* result) const {
    return iter->ReadBool(result);
  }
  bool ReadInt(PickleIterator* iter, int* result) const {
    return iter->ReadInt(result);
  }
  bool ReadLong(PickleIterator* iter, long* result) const {
    return iter->ReadLong(result);
  }
  bool ReadUInt16(PickleIterator* iter, uint16* result) const {
    return iter->ReadUInt16(result);
  }
  bool ReadUInt32(PickleIterator* iter, uint32* result) const {
    return iter->ReadUInt32(result);
  }
  bool ReadInt64(PickleIterator* iter, int64* result) const {
    return iter->ReadInt64(result);
  }
  bool ReadUInt64(PickleIterator* iter, uint64* result) const {
    return iter->ReadUInt64(result);
  }
  bool ReadFloat(PickleIterator* iter, float* result) const {
    return iter->ReadFloat(result);
  }
  bool ReadString(PickleIterator* iter, std::string* result) const {
    return iter->ReadString(result);
  }
  bool ReadWString(PickleIterator* iter, std::wstring* result) const {
    return iter->ReadWString(result);
  }
  bool ReadString16(PickleIterator* iter, string16* result) const {
    return iter->ReadString16(result);
  }
  // A pointer to the data will be placed in *data, and the length will be
  // placed in *length. This buffer will be into the message's buffer so will
  // be scoped to the lifetime of the message (or until the message data is
  // mutated).
  bool ReadData(PickleIterator* iter, const char** data, int* length) const {
    return iter->ReadData(data, length);
  }
  // A pointer to the data will be placed in *data. The caller specifies the
  // number of bytes to read, and ReadBytes will validate this length. The
  // returned buffer will be into the message's buffer so will be scoped to the
  // lifetime of the message (or until the message data is mutated).
  bool ReadBytes(PickleIterator* iter, const char** data, int length) const {
    return iter->ReadBytes(data, length);
  }

  // Safer version of ReadInt() checks for the result not being negative.
  // Use it for reading the object sizes.
  bool ReadLength(PickleIterator* iter, int* result) const {
    return iter->ReadLength(result);
  }

  // Methods for adding to the payload of the Pickle.  These values are
  // appended to the end of the Pickle's payload.  When reading values from a
  // Pickle, it is important to read them in the order in which they were added
  // to the Pickle.
  bool WriteBool(bool value) {
    return WriteInt(value ? 1 : 0);
  }
  bool WriteInt(int value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  // WARNING: DO NOT USE THIS METHOD IF PICKLES ARE PERSISTED IN ANY WAY.
  // It will write whatever a "long" is on this architecture. On 32-bit
  // platforms, it is 32 bits. On 64-bit platforms, it is 64 bits. If persisted
  // pickles are still around after upgrading to 64-bit, or if they are copied
  // between dissimilar systems, YOUR PICKLES WILL HAVE GONE BAD.
  bool WriteLongUsingDangerousNonPortableLessPersistableForm(long value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  bool WriteUInt16(uint16 value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  bool WriteUInt32(uint32 value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  bool WriteInt64(int64 value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  bool WriteUInt64(uint64 value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  bool WriteFloat(float value) {
    return WriteBytes(&value, sizeof(value));
  }
  bool WriteString(const std::string& value);
  bool WriteWString(const std::wstring& value);
  bool WriteString16(const string16& value);
  // "Data" is a blob with a length. When you read it out you will be given the
  // length. See also WriteBytes.
  bool WriteData(const char* data, int length);
  // "Bytes" is a blob with no length. The caller must specify the lenght both
  // when reading and writing. It is normally used to serialize PoD types of a
  // known size. See also WriteData.
  bool WriteBytes(const void* data, int data_len);

  // Same as WriteData, but allows the caller to write directly into the
  // Pickle. This saves a copy in cases where the data is not already
  // available in a buffer. The caller should take care to not write more
  // than the length it declares it will. Use ReadData to get the data.
  // Returns NULL on failure.
  //
  // The returned pointer will only be valid until the next write operation
  // on this Pickle.
  char* BeginWriteData(int length);

  // For Pickles which contain variable length buffers (e.g. those created
  // with BeginWriteData), the Pickle can
  // be 'trimmed' if the amount of data required is less than originally
  // requested.  For example, you may have created a buffer with 10K of data,
  // but decided to only fill 10 bytes of that data.  Use this function
  // to trim the buffer so that we don't send 9990 bytes of unused data.
  // You cannot increase the size of the variable buffer; only shrink it.
  // This function assumes that the length of the variable buffer has
  // not been changed.
  void TrimWriteData(int length);

  // Payload follows after allocation of Header (header size is customizable).
  struct Header {
    uint32 payload_size;  // Specifies the size of the payload.
  };

  // Returns the header, cast to a user-specified type T.  The type T must be a
  // subclass of Header and its size must correspond to the header_size passed
  // to the Pickle constructor.
  template <class T>
  T* headerT() {
    DCHECK_EQ(header_size_, sizeof(T));
    return static_cast<T*>(header_);
  }
  template <class T>
  const T* headerT() const {
    DCHECK_EQ(header_size_, sizeof(T));
    return static_cast<const T*>(header_);
  }

  // The payload is the pickle data immediately following the header.
  size_t payload_size() const { return header_->payload_size; }

  const char* payload() const {
    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(header_) + header_size_;
  }

  // Returns the address of the byte immediately following the currently valid
  // header + payload.
  const char* end_of_payload() const {
    // This object may be invalid.
    return header_ ? payload() + payload_size() : NULL;
  }

 protected:
  char* mutable_payload() {
    return reinterpret_cast<char*>(header_) + header_size_;
  }

  size_t capacity() const {
    return capacity_;
  }

  // Resizes the buffer for use when writing the specified amount of data. The
  // location that the data should be written at is returned, or NULL if there
  // was an error. Call EndWrite with the returned offset and the given length
  // to pad out for the next write.
  char* BeginWrite(size_t length);

  // Completes the write operation by padding the data with NULL bytes until it
  // is padded. Should be paired with BeginWrite, but it does not necessarily
  // have to be called after the data is written.
  void EndWrite(char* dest, int length);

  // Resize the capacity, note that the input value should include the size of
  // the header: new_capacity = sizeof(Header) + desired_payload_capacity.
  // A realloc() failure will cause a Resize failure... and caller should check
  // the return result for true (i.e., successful resizing).
  bool Resize(size_t new_capacity);

  // Aligns 'i' by rounding it up to the next multiple of 'alignment'
  static size_t AlignInt(size_t i, int alignment) {
    return i + (alignment - (i % alignment)) % alignment;
  }

  // Find the end of the pickled data that starts at range_start.  Returns NULL
  // if the entire Pickle is not found in the given data range.
  static const char* FindNext(size_t header_size,
                              const char* range_start,
                              const char* range_end);

  // The allocation granularity of the payload.
  static const int kPayloadUnit;

 private:
  friend class PickleIterator;

  Header* header_;
  size_t header_size_;  // Supports extra data between header and payload.
  // Allocation size of payload (or -1 if allocation is const).
  size_t capacity_;
  size_t variable_buffer_offset_;  // IF non-zero, then offset to a buffer.

  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PickleTest, Resize);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PickleTest, FindNext);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PickleTest, FindNextWithIncompleteHeader);
};

#endif  // BASE_PICKLE_H__