base/task/post_job.h

// Copyright 2019 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef BASE_TASK_POST_JOB_H_
#define BASE_TASK_POST_JOB_H_

#include <limits>

#include "base/base_export.h"
#include "base/callback.h"
#include "base/check_op.h"
#include "base/location.h"
#include "base/memory/raw_ptr.h"
#include "base/memory/ref_counted.h"

namespace base {
namespace internal {
class JobTaskSource;
class PooledTaskRunnerDelegate;
}

class TaskTraits;
enum class TaskPriority : uint8_t;

// Delegate that's passed to Job's worker task, providing an entry point to
// communicate with the scheduler. To prevent deadlocks, JobDelegate methods
// should never be called while holding a user lock.
class BASE_EXPORT JobDelegate {
 public:
  // A JobDelegate is instantiated for each worker task that is run.
  // |task_source| is the task source whose worker task is running with this
  // delegate and |pooled_task_runner_delegate| is used by ShouldYield() to
  // check whether the pool wants this worker task to yield (null if this worker
  // should never yield -- e.g. when the main thread is a worker).
  JobDelegate(internal::JobTaskSource* task_source,
              internal::PooledTaskRunnerDelegate* pooled_task_runner_delegate);

  JobDelegate(const JobDelegate&) = delete;
  JobDelegate& operator=(const JobDelegate&) = delete;

  ~JobDelegate();

  // Returns true if this thread *must* return from the worker task on the
  // current thread ASAP. Workers should periodically invoke ShouldYield (or
  // YieldIfNeeded()) as often as is reasonable.
  bool ShouldYield();

  // If ShouldYield(), this will pause the current thread (allowing it to be
  // replaced in the pool); no-ops otherwise. If it pauses, it will resume and
  // return from this call whenever higher priority work completes.
  // Prefer ShouldYield() over this (only use YieldIfNeeded() when unwinding
  // the stack is not possible).
  void YieldIfNeeded();

  // Notifies the scheduler that max concurrency was increased, and the number
  // of worker should be adjusted accordingly. See PostJob() for more details.
  void NotifyConcurrencyIncrease();

  // Returns a task_id unique among threads currently running this job, such
  // that GetTaskId() < worker count. To achieve this, the same task_id may be
  // reused by a different thread after a worker_task returns.
  uint8_t GetTaskId();

  // Returns true if the current task is called from the thread currently
  // running JobHandle::Join().
  bool IsJoiningThread() const {
    return pooled_task_runner_delegate_ == nullptr;
  }

 private:
  static constexpr uint8_t kInvalidTaskId = std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max();

  const raw_ptr<internal::JobTaskSource> task_source_;
  const raw_ptr<internal::PooledTaskRunnerDelegate>
      pooled_task_runner_delegate_;
  uint8_t task_id_ = kInvalidTaskId;

#if DCHECK_IS_ON()
  // Value returned by the last call to ShouldYield().
  bool last_should_yield_ = false;
#endif
};

// Handle returned when posting a Job. Provides methods to control execution of
// the posted Job. To prevent deadlocks, JobHandle methods should never be
// called while holding a user lock.
class BASE_EXPORT JobHandle {
 public:
  JobHandle();

  JobHandle(const JobHandle&) = delete;
  JobHandle& operator=(const JobHandle&) = delete;

  // A job must either be joined, canceled or detached before the JobHandle is
  // destroyed.
  ~JobHandle();

  JobHandle(JobHandle&&);
  JobHandle& operator=(JobHandle&&);

  // Returns true if associated with a Job.
  explicit operator bool() const { return task_source_ != nullptr; }

  // Returns true if there's any work pending or any worker running.
  bool IsActive() const;

  // Update this Job's priority.
  void UpdatePriority(TaskPriority new_priority);

  // Notifies the scheduler that max concurrency was increased, and the number
  // of workers should be adjusted accordingly. See PostJob() for more details.
  void NotifyConcurrencyIncrease();

  // Contributes to the job on this thread. Doesn't return until all tasks have
  // completed and max concurrency becomes 0. This also promotes this Job's
  // priority to be at least as high as the calling thread's priority.
  void Join();

  // Forces all existing workers to yield ASAP. Waits until they have all
  // returned from the Job's callback before returning.
  void Cancel();

  // Forces all existing workers to yield ASAP but doesn’t wait for them.
  // Warning, this is dangerous if the Job's callback is bound to or has access
  // to state which may be deleted after this call.
  void CancelAndDetach();

  // Can be invoked before ~JobHandle() to avoid waiting on the job completing.
  void Detach();

 private:
  friend class internal::JobTaskSource;

  explicit JobHandle(scoped_refptr<internal::JobTaskSource> task_source);

  scoped_refptr<internal::JobTaskSource> task_source_;
};

// Callback used in PostJob() to control the maximum number of threads calling
// the worker task concurrently.

// Returns the maximum number of threads which may call a job's worker task
// concurrently. |worker_count| is the number of threads currently assigned to
// this job which some callers may need to determine their return value.
using MaxConcurrencyCallback =
    RepeatingCallback<size_t(size_t /*worker_count*/)>;

// Posts a repeating |worker_task| with specific |traits| to run in parallel on
// base::ThreadPool.
// Returns a JobHandle associated with the Job, which can be joined, canceled or
// detached.
// ThreadPool APIs, including PostJob() and methods of the returned JobHandle,
// must never be called while holding a lock that could be acquired by
// |worker_task| or |max_concurrency_callback| -- that could result in a
// deadlock. This is because [1] |max_concurrency_callback| may be invoked while
// holding internal ThreadPool lock (A), hence |max_concurrency_callback| can
// only use a lock (B) if that lock is *never* held while calling back into a
// ThreadPool entry point from any thread (A=>B/B=>A deadlock) and [2]
// |worker_task| or |max_concurrency_callback| is invoked synchronously from
// JobHandle::Join() (A=>JobHandle::Join()=>A deadlock).
// To avoid scheduling overhead, |worker_task| should do as much work as
// possible in a loop when invoked, and JobDelegate::ShouldYield() should be
// periodically invoked to conditionally exit and let the scheduler prioritize
// work.
//
// A canonical implementation of |worker_task| looks like:
//   void WorkerTask(JobDelegate* job_delegate) {
//     while (!job_delegate->ShouldYield()) {
//       auto work_item = worker_queue.TakeWorkItem(); // Smallest unit of work.
//       if (!work_item)
//         return:
//       ProcessWork(work_item);
//     }
//   }
//
// |max_concurrency_callback| controls the maximum number of threads calling
// |worker_task| concurrently. |worker_task| is only invoked if the number of
// threads previously running |worker_task| was less than the value returned by
// |max_concurrency_callback|. In general, |max_concurrency_callback| should
// return the latest number of incomplete work items (smallest unit of work)
// left to processed. JobHandle/JobDelegate::NotifyConcurrencyIncrease() *must*
// be invoked shortly after |max_concurrency_callback| starts returning a value
// larger than previously returned values. This usually happens when new work
// items are added and the API user wants additional threads to invoke
// |worker_task| concurrently. The callbacks may be called concurrently on any
// thread until the job is complete. If the job handle is detached, the
// callbacks may still be called, so they must not access global state that
// could be destroyed.
//
// |traits| requirements:
// - base::ThreadPolicy must be specified if the priority of the task runner
//   will ever be increased from BEST_EFFORT.
JobHandle BASE_EXPORT PostJob(const Location& from_here,
                              const TaskTraits& traits,
                              RepeatingCallback<void(JobDelegate*)> worker_task,
                              MaxConcurrencyCallback max_concurrency_callback);

}  // namespace base

#endif  // BASE_TASK_POST_JOB_H_