PostgreSQL aggregates with order_by using OuterRef raise FieldError

[Adam Johnson]

Like #36404, I have also encountered some FieldErrors for a PostgreSQL ArrayAgg that uses an OuterRef in its order_by clause.

The issue is reproduced ​in ​this example project, with models:

from django.db import models


class Book(models.Model):
    position = models.IntegerField()


class Chapter(models.Model):
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

And QuerySet:

from django.contrib.postgres.aggregates import ArrayAgg
from django.db.models import OuterRef, Subquery

from example.models import Book, Chapter

Book.objects.annotate(
    chapter_ids=Subquery(
        Chapter.objects.annotate(
            ids=ArrayAgg(
                "id",
                order_by=[OuterRef("position")],
            )
        ).values("ids")[:1]
    )
)

This error occurs:

$ python t.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/.../t.py", line 15, in <module>
    Chapter.objects.annotate(
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        ids=ArrayAgg(
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    ...<2 lines>...
        )
        ^
    ).values("ids")[:1]
    ^
    File "/.../django/db/models/manager.py", line 87, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "/.../django/db/models/query.py", line 1647, in annotate
    return self._annotate(args, kwargs, select=True)
            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "/.../django/db/models/query.py", line 1699, in _annotate
    clone.query.add_annotation(
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        annotation,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^
        alias,
        ^^^^^^
        select=select,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
    File "/.../django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1218, in add_annotation
    annotation = annotation.resolve_expression(self, allow_joins=True, reuse=None)
    File "/.../django/contrib/postgres/aggregates/mixins.py", line 33, in resolve_expression
    return super().resolve_expression(*args, **kwargs)
            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "/.../django/db/models/aggregates.py", line 63, in resolve_expression
    c = super().resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize)
    File "/.../django/db/models/expressions.py", line 300, in resolve_expression
    expr.resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "/.../django/db/models/expressions.py", line 300, in resolve_expression
    expr.resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "/.../django/db/models/expressions.py", line 941, in resolve_expression
    col = super().resolve_expression(*args, **kwargs)
    File "/.../django/db/models/expressions.py", line 902, in resolve_expression
    return query.resolve_ref(self.name, allow_joins, reuse, summarize)
            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "/.../django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 2049, in resolve_ref
    join_info = self.setup_joins(
        field_list, self.get_meta(), self.get_initial_alias(), can_reuse=reuse
    )
    File "/.../django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1900, in setup_joins
    path, final_field, targets, rest = self.names_to_path(
                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        names[:pivot],
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    ...<2 lines>...
        fail_on_missing=True,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
    File "/.../django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1805, in names_to_path
    raise FieldError(
    ...<2 lines>...
    )
django.core.exceptions.FieldError: Cannot resolve keyword 'position' into field. Choices are: book, book_id, id

This error again bisects to e306687a3a5507d59365ba9bf545010e5fd4b2a8. The cause is similar: duplicate OuterRef resolution occurs due to a clause left in OrderableAggMixin.resolve_expression().

[Adam Johnson]

I just realized this is actually a duplicate of #36405: OrderableAggMixin.order_by became Aggregate.order_by in #35444.

Updating that ticket with the description, and will update the existing PR instead.