09/04/2015

SAPTipsandTricks

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Tips&Tricks

Security

Hints

Programming

Enhancements

Glossary

WhoneedsABAPers???
Thefunctionalperson's
toolforstresstestingand
dataconversions..
Siameaseisaneasytousetoolthatallowsyoutomigratedata,upload

Troubleshooting

mySAPTips&Tricks
YoumayhavenoticedthatinECCtheservicesforobjectbutton(GenericObjectServicesGOS)ismissingfromthesales
order.ThiscanbeusefultofindrelatedIDOCSbutwastakenoffin4.7duetoperformancereasons.Ifyousetuser
profile/parameterSD_SWU_ACTIVEtoXbygoingtoSYSTEMUSERPRFOLEOWNDATAthebuttonwillbeavailabletoyou
again.

SAPR/3Tips&Tricks
Loggingonwithoutbeingauthorized
Client066usuallyexistsinaSAPsystemduetoEarlyWatchservices.Oftenthisclientdoesnothavemasterusers.Ifitistrue,
anyonecanlogintothesystemusingtheclient066,userSAP*,andpasswordPASS.Enjoyyourself.
Specialcopyandpaste
ClickontheareaandpressCTRL+Y.Itallowsyoutocopymanylinesatonceandpastethemafterwards.
Longmessagesonfooter
Clickonthemessageandholdthemousebutton.Aftermovingthemousetotheleftside.
Directinputlogs
ThetransactionBMV0(directinputlogs)showsalldirectinputlogs.
GraphicsonSAPscript
TheprogramRSTXLDMCcanbeusedtouploadgraphics(fileextension.tifonPCfiles)intoindividualstandardtext.
Addingicons
ChecktheiconcodeusingtransactionICON.AtechnicalviewcanbefoundattheincludenamedICON.Sequencesof
charactersbeginandfinishwiththesymbol@.Evenplainfilesunderoperatingsystemcancontainthosestrings.
Fillingupanemptydatefieldquickly
StrikethekeyF4(orclickonmatchcodesymbol)andpressESCAPE.Thecurrentdateisautomaticallyset.
SettingupmoduleFI/COwithoutusingIMG
AlmostallparameterscanbesetusingthetransactionsORFA(AssetAccounting),ORFB(FinancialAccounting),andORKS
(CostCenterAccounting).
Displayingcheckobjectwhennotauthorized
SoonafterthelocktrytoaccessthetransactionSU53.Itreportsthelastobjectsverifiedandalsotherespectivevalues.
Tableanalysesbetweentwosystems
ThecontentsofatablebetweentwosystemscanbecheckedthroughthetransactionOY19.
Correctionandtransportsystem
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SAPTipsandTricks

ThetransactionSE10providestheeasiestwaytomanageanyrequest/transportandcorrections.
Generalcommandfieldformats
/n
Skiptothenextrecordifyouareprocessingonebatchinputsession
/bend
Cancelabatchinputforegroundprocess
/nend
CloseallR/3sessionsandlogoff
/nxxxx Callthetransactionxxxxinthesamesession
/o
Generateasessionlist
/oxxxx Callthetransactionxxxxinanadditionalsession
/i
Deletethecurrentsession
/h
Turnthedebugmodeon
/$tab
Resetallbuffers(forSystemAdministrators)
/$sync Synchronizeinstancesbuffers(forSystemAdministrators)

Reportcommandfieldformats
%pri
Printthecurrentreport
%pc
Downloadthecurrentreport
%sc
Callthefindfunction
p+
Gotothenextpage
p
Gotothepreviouspage
p++
Gotothelastpage
p
Gotothefirstpage

Helpfulreports
RSCLTCOP
RSAVGL00
RSINCL00
RSBDCSUB
RSTXSCRP
RSORAREL
RGUGBR00
RSPARAM
RSUSR003
RSUSR006

Copytablesacrossclients
Tableadjustmentacrossclients
Extendedprogramlist
Releasebatchinputsessionsautomatically
TransportSAPscriptfilesacrosssystems
GettheOracleRelease
Substitution/Validationutility
Displayallinstanceparameters
CheckthepasswordsofusersSAP*andDDICinallclients
Listuserslastlogin

Unconditionalmodewhenimportingorexportingarequest/transport
RunthecommandR3transuunderuserSysIDadm.
Mainreturncodesoftpprogram
0
Successfullydone
4
Warningsoccurred
8
Errorsoccurred
12
Fatalerrorsoccurred
16
Internalerrorsoccurred

Schedulingofsystemmaintenancejobs
RSBTCDEL
Cleantheoldbackgroundjobrecords
RSDBCREO
Cleanbatchinputsessionlog
RSPO0041
Removingoldspoolingobjects
RSSNAPDL
CleantheoldABAPerrordumps

Lockingthewholesystem
UsingthecommandtplocksysSysIDonlytheuserSAP*willbeallowedtologin.ThecommandtpunlocksysSysIDcancels
thelock.
ConnectionbetweenSAPR/3andoperatingsystem
Thecommandsapevtcanbeusedtotriggeraneventfromtheoperationsystem.Thus,ajobpreviouslydefinedwithinR/3willbe
released.
SQLcodehelp
RunthecommandoerroraerrornumberunderuseroraSysID.
Oracleimportandexportexplanations
Runthecommandimphelp=yesunderuseroraSysID.Thisformatcanalsobeusedwithexp,impst,andexpst.
SAPR/3HintsTOP
Ofcourseitdoesnotguaranteeasuccessfulimplementation.Itisagreatdealofsummedupaid,though.
Teamintegrationhastobeenhanced
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Sethighstandardsofperformanceforimplementationteam
ITteamsandusershavetoworkcloselyduringtheimplementation
Newwaysofthinkingandactingmustnotbediscarded
Donotunderestimatetheusertrainingneeds
Projectmanagementshouldbeonthecriticallist
ThenearestSAPbranchshouldbeyourpartner
Consultantsarenotalwaysthekeytosucceed
Consultantsareagoodsourceofknowledge.Ontheotherhand,lettingthemmakeconfigurationchangesthetransferof
knowledgewillbeharmed
Foreignconsultantsusuallydonotknowcountryspecificdetails
Deepeningyourbasisknowledgeisalwaysuseful
AvoidchangingstandardR/3objectsasmuchaspossible
AlwaysfollowtheSAPrulestogivenamestoyourownobjects
EstablishSAPconnectionassoonaspossible
Exchangeinformationwithothercompanies
FocusoninterfaceswithnonR/3applications
Planthewholeenvironmentcarefully(servers,network,protocols,etc.)
Developmentandproductionenvironmentshouldbetotallyindependent
SAPR/3EnhancementsTOP

SomespecialfeaturesallowyouwidemodificationswithoutchangingstandardSAPR/3objects.Thosetechniquesarenotaswidespread
astheyshouldbe.Infacttheyarepowerfultools.
Fieldexit
Afterenteringavalueinafield,itcanbecheckedthroughafieldexit.Thesystemmakesthefieldvalueavailabletobechecked
andchangedinanABAP/4function.
Userexit
Pointspreviouslysetinthesystemthatletyouevaluatedata.ThefieldsavailablearealsopreviouslydefinedbySAP.Allfields
valueavailablecanbecheckedinanABAP/4program.
Validation
Itallowssoliddataentryregardingspecialrules.Accordingtopreviousrules,thesystemcanevaluateanentryandamessage
canappearontheuser'sterminalifacheckstatementisnotmet.Avalidationstepcontainsprerequisitestatementandcheck
statement.BothofthemaredefinedusingBooleanLogicorcallinganABAP/4form.
Substitution
Fieldscontentscanbechangedusingsubstitution.Whendataarebeingentered,thedatacanbesubstitutedbyanothervalue
regardingrulespreviouslydefined.Asubstitutionstepcontainsprerequisitestatement,substitutionvalueandsubstitutionexit.All
ofthemaredefinedusingBooleanLogicorcallinganABAP/4form.
Set
Valuesorrangesofvaluesarespecifiedunderasetname.Setsareeasiertocreateandmaintaininsteadofusingtables.They
giveyoumoreflexibilitywhenmaintainingyoursystem.
Keywords
Itallowschangesonfielddescriptionaccordingtodataelement.Theshortkeywordusedonmostscreentoidentifythe
correspondingfieldcontentscanbechangedtoo.
Requirements&formulas
ABAP/4formsthatcanbeusedtohandlepricingprocedures,roundingrules,copyanddatatransportSalesactivities.

SAPR/3TroubleshootingTOP
Systemgetsstuck
Ithappensmostlywhenarchiveareaisoverloaded.Runtheprogrambrarchivewithdeletionoptiontoreleasediskspace.
Shortdump
Notalwaystheproblemistechnical.TrytocreateallSAPofficeusersthroughtransactionSO32(createallSAPofficeusers)and
reviewyourapplicationdatacarefully.
Fieldexitsarecompletelyignored
MakesureyourSAPprofileparametercontainstheoptionabap/fieldexit=yes.
TransactionSE16(tablecontents)doesnotworkproperly
Makeusageofthemenuoptiontoregeneratethedisplayprogram.Youcanalsotrychangingkeywordsaccordingtofieldnames.
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SAPTipsandTricks

ChooseOption>Parametersusers.
Rollbacksegmentsaretoosmall
Beforeincreasinguptherollbacksegmentsizeyoushouldverifyyourprograms.Veryoftentheproblembelongstothem.
Filesforrollbacksegmentsarealreadyenormous
Checktherollbacksegmentsconfiguration.Ithastomatchtheallocatedareaontablespaces.Changeshavetobedoneusing
Oracletools.
Extendedhelpunderwindowsdoesnotlinkcorrectly
Checkthefilesapdoccd.iniunderyourpresentationserver.Itmustbepresentinthemainwindowsdirectoryandshouldassignto
helpfilesdirectory.
Releaseprocedurewithclassificationdoesnotwork
Asamatteroffactyouarenottheonlyonetonoticeit.Ithardlyworks.Beforeusingreleasestrategyyoushouldapplyallnotes
onOSS.Praymightbeusefultoo.
Transportareaisoverloaded
ThecommandtpclearoldSysIDcleansupthetransportareaaccordingtoparameterspreviouslysetontheplainfileTPPARAM.
Instancedoesnotestablishcommunication
ShutdownthewholesystemandchecktheInterprocessCommunicationFacilities.Anyreferencesshouldbefound.Eitherthe
commandIPCS(UNIX)orshowipcINSTANCENUMBER(SAP)showallmessagequeue,semaphoresetandsharedmemory
identifier.BeforetryingagainyouhavetoremovethemusingthecommandIPCRM(UNIX)orcleanipcINSTANCENUMBER
(SAP).

Note:

Researchbasedonversion3.0funderUnix,OracledatabaseandWindows.

SAPR/3SecurityTOP

Simplechangescanriseyoursystemsecurity.UsageofSAProuterisagoodchoicewhencorrectlyimplemented.LoginthroughSAP
LogonPad(fromversion3.0fonwards)improvetheaccesscontrol.SAPprofileparametersshallalsocontain:
Rdisp/gui_auto_logout=1800
Theuserconnectionisclosedafter30minuteswithoutusage.
Login/fails_to_session_end=3
After3wrongpasswordtheconnectionisautomaticlyclosed.
Login/fails_to_users_lock=5
After5wrongpasswordtheuserislocked.
Login/min_password_lng=6
Passwordlengthatleast6characters.
Login/password_expiration_time=90
Passwordexpiresafter3months.

Note:Idonothavetowastemytimetellingyoutochangealldefaultpasswords.
MakesuretohavethemasteruserSAP*inallclientsotherwiseanyonecanlogintoyoursystem.SeeTips&
Tricks.

SAPR/3ProgrammingTOP

IndeedthesepowerfulABAP/4functionsareveryinterestingandcanbringsomeadvantages.Improveyourhomedevelopmenteasily.
Theybelongtostandardobjectsandshouldneverbechanged.
Ws_upload
Transferfilesfromthefrontendtotheapplicationserver.
Ws_download
Transferfilesfromtheapplicationservertothefrontend.
Ws_excel
Downloadfilesatthefrontendinexcelformat.
Bp_joblog_read
Fetchjoblogexecutions.
Rs_send_mail_for_spoollist
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SendmessagefromABAP/4programtoSAPoffice.
Bp_event_raise
TriggeraneventfromABAP/4program.
So_wind_spool_list
Browseprinterspoolnumbersaccordingtouserinformed.
So_spool_read
Fetchprinterspoolaccordingtothespoolnumberinformed.
G_set_get_all_values
Fetchvaluesfromaset.
Rzl_sleep
Hangthecurrentapplicationfrom1to5seconds.
Rzl_submit
Submitaremotereport.
Ws_execute
Executeanexternalprogramonthepresentationserver.
Ws_file_delete
Deletefileatthefrontend.
Ws_volume_get
Getthelabelfromafrontenddevice.
Ws_msg
Createadialogboxinwhichyoudisplayanonelinemessage.
Popup_to_display_text
Createadialogboxinwhichyoudisplayatwolinemessage.
Popup_to_confirm_step
Createadialogboxinwhichyoumakeaquestionwhethertheuserwishestoperformthestep.
Popup_to_confirm_with_message
Createadialogboxinwhichyouinformtheuseraboutaspecificdecisionpointduringanaction.
Popup_to_confirm_with_value
Createadialogboxinwhichyoumakeaquestionwhethertheuserwishestoperformaprocessingstepwithaparticularobject.
Popup_to_confirm_loss_of_data
Createadialogboxinwhichyoumakeaquestionwhethertheuserwishestoperformaprocessingstepwithlossofdata.
Popup_to_decide
Createadialogboxinwhichyourequiretheuserbetweenthetwoprocessingalternatives,ortocanceltheaction.
Popup_to_decide_with_message
Createadialogboxinwhichyouinformtheuseraboutaspecificdecisionpointviaadiagnosistext.
BusinessObjects
SAPR/3GlossaryTOP

InformationTechnologyhasmanykeywordsandSAPR/3hasintroducedmanyothers.Inordertounderstandevenbetterthisfieldyou
shouldkeepinmindthoseterms.
ALE(ApplicationLinkEnabling)
ItprovidesintegrationforseparateR/3systems,keepingfullinteraction.Thismakespossibledistributedenterpriseapplications.
Applicationserver
TheapplicationserverisusedtorunthebusinessapplicationprogramsintheR/3client/serverconcept.Theapplicationmodules
areloadedfromthedatabaseservertotheapplicationserverasrequired.Thustheapplicationserverrequiresonlystorage
capacitytoaccommodateUNIX,SwappingandtheSAPruntimeenvironment.
BatchInput
Atechniquetoinputdatasafely.Itensuresapplicationdataintegrityforbackgroundinterfaces.Itpretendstobesomeonetyping.
Seealsodirectinput.
CATT(ComputerAidedTestTool)
Itallowsyoutocombineandautomatesequencesofrepeatabletransactionsintestprocedures.CATTreducesthenumberof
manualtests,andforcesyoutotestsystematically,defininginputvaluesandexpectedtestresults.
CCMS(ComputerCenterManagementSystem)
Itallowsyoutomonitor,controlandconfigureyourR/3system.Thistoolsetletsyouanalyzeanddistributeclientworkloadsand
reportonresourceconsumptionforsystemcomponents.
CentralSystem
InanR/3centralsystem,bothapplicationanddatabasesoftwarearerunononecomputer.
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Client
Incommercial,organizationalandtechnicalterms,aselfcontainedunitinanR/3systemwithseparatemasterrecordsandits
ownssetoftables.
Client/ServerSystem
Client/serversystemsarestructuredmodularly,withcomponentsworkinginasender/receiverrelationship.Softwarecomponents
canalsobeusedinaclient/serverrelationship.
CommunicationServer
Itprovidestheconnectionbetweenlocalareaandwideareanetworksandmaybeeitherarouter,abridgeoragateway.InR/3
installations,thecommunicationservermustsupporttheTCP/IPprotocoloverwideareanetworks.
Companycode
Thesmallestorganizationalunitforwhichacompleteselfcontainedsetofaccountscanbedrawnupforpurposesofexternal
reporting.Thisinvolvesrecordingallrelevanttransactionsandgeneratingallsupportingdocumentsforlegallyrequiredfinancial
statements,suchasbalancesheetsandprofitandlossstatements.
Computertype
TheR/3systemsupportsvariouscomputertypesofSAP'splatformpartners,suchasBull,DEC,IBMandHP.Thesuitabilityofa
particularcomputertypedependsonsufficientCPUperformance.
CPIC(CommonProgrammingInterfaceCommunications)
CommonProgrammingInterfaceofCommunicationhasbeenintroducedbyIBMasahighlevelinterfacetoSNA/LU62.CPIChas
becomethesubjectoftheX/OpenstandardizationandisusedbySAPtofacilitateprogramtoprogramcommunicationbetween
R/3andexternalsystem.SAPoffersCPIClibrariesbasedonTCP/IP.
Correction
Itcontainsalltheobjectsthatadeveloperhaschangedorcreated.Italsocontrolscustomizingthathasbeenmaintained.
CSP
AsystemtohelpSAPemployeestogivecomprehensivesupporttotheirclients.
Databaseserver
ThedatabaseserverstorestheSAPapplicationprogramsanddataintheR/3client/serverconcept.ItalsohandlestheSAP
updateprogramandbatchjobs.
DirectInput
Arecenttechniquetoinputdatasafely.Itensuresapplicationdataintegrityforbackgroundinterfaces.Seealsobatchinput.
Dispatcher
ThesystemR/3agentthatidentifiesthetypeoftask(online,update,batch,etc.)andsendsthejobtoanidleworkprocess.
EarlyWatch
ItisaservicethatentailshavingyourR/3installationregularlyinspectedbySAPemployees,inothertoensurehighsystem
availabilityandhighdatathroughputatalltime.
Ethernet
ItisaLANarchitectureusingbustopology.Thetransmissionspeedis10MBit/s.
FDDI(FiberDistributedDataInterchange)
Itisalocalhighspeednetworkwithringtopologybasedonlightwaveconductors.Thetransmissionspeedis100MBit/s.
Fieldstatus
Indicatorthatspecifieswhetherafieldcantakeanentryintheentryscreenorifitmustbefilled.
Firewall
Itisameansofcontrollingaccessthroughapublicnetworktoaprivatenetwork.
FTP(FileTransferProtocol)
ItisthemostcommonlyusedfiletransmissionprotocoloftheTCP/IPprotocolfamily.
GUI(GraphicUserInterface)
AgraphicalinterfaceusedbySAPenvironmentaspartofthethreetiers.Itisnormallycalleduserfrontend.
IDES(InternationalDemonstrationandEducationSystem)
Itisamodelofaninternationalfirm.Itisaseparatedemonstrationandeducationsystemforspeedingupthepilotprocess.
IMG(ImplementationManagementGuide)
ItisahierarchicalstructurethatreflectstheR/3componenthierarchyandcontainseveryconfigurationactivity.Releasedfrom
version3.0onwards.
Instance
Itmeansapplicationserverandeachonehasitsownsetofworkprocesses.
IDoc(IntermediateDocument)
AnIDocisadatacontainerfordataexchangebetweenSAPsystemsorbetweenanSAPsystemandanexternalsystem.
ITS(InternetTransactionServer)
ItlinkstheR/3applicationserverwithoneormoreWebservers,thusenablingtheR/3tocommunicatewiththeInternet.
Kernel
Itmeansastandardcorepreviouslyconfigured.Asetofdefaultparametersdeliveredwiththesystem.
LAN(LocalAreaNetwork)
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Itisanetworkfoaatightlylimitedareawithhighleveldatatransmissionperformance.CommonLANsincludeEthernet,Token
RingandFDDI.TheseLANssupportdifferenttransportprotocols,suchasTCP/IPandIPX.
Matchcode
Atoolforfindingspecificrecord.Itismadeupofsearchterms.Itisusedtofindpossibleentriesforaninputfield.
Numberrange
Arangeofnumbersthatarelaiddownperfilefortheassignmentofdocumentnumbers.Itcanbeinternal(carriedoutautomatically
bythesystem)orexternal(carriedoutmanuallybytheuser).
OLE
ItisatechniqueintroducedbyMicrosofttoincorporateobjectsofoneapplicationintoanother.
OSS(OnlineServiceSystem)
SAP'sOnlineServiceSystemoffersfastandeffectivehelpforR/3Systemproblems.Itisalsothebasicelementof
communicationsbetweencustomers,partners,andSAP.
Repair
Itcontainsalltheobjectsthatadeveloperhaschangedbuttheoriginalsoftheobjectsarelocatedinanothersystem.
RFC
AwaytoimplementcommunicationbetweenapplicationprogramsviaAbap/4functioncall.
Semaphores
Whenaworkprocesslocksaresource,itsetsasemaphore.Anotherworkprocessthatalsowantstoaccessitmustthenwait.
SysID
Asetofthreelettersornumberthatidentifyasystem.SomesetsarenotallowedbecausetheyareusedbySAP.Theyare
informedwhenthesystemisinstalled.
TCP/IP
Itisthemostwidelyusedtransportprotocolforopensystems.R/3clientsandserverscommunicateusingTCP/IP.
Telnet
ItprovidesterminalaccesstohostsusingTCP/IPprotocol.ItisawellknowncommandamongSystemsAdministrators.
TokenRing
ItisaLANarchitecturewithringtopology.Thetransmissionspeedis4MBit/sor16MBit/s.Thisinvolvesa'freetoken'which
circlesthelooppickinguptransmissions.Thereceiverstationplacesaconfirmationbitintothebusytoken.Assoonasthebusy
tokenreachesthesenderstationagain,itisconvertedbacktoafreetokenandsentontothenextstation.
Transport
Itisarequesttotransportobjectsfromthesoftwaredevelopmentenvironment,identifiedasthesourcesystem,tothespecified
targetsystem.
WAN(WideAreaNetworks)
Theyarenormallyoperatedeitherbythetelephonecompanyorbyprivatecompaniesthatofferleasedlines,switchedlinesor
packetlines.
Workprocess
WorkprocessesperformthebulkoftheprocessingcarriedoutbySAPsystems.Theyperformdialogstepsinusertransactions
andcarryoutupdates,lockmanagement,printingservices,andsoon.
Workbench
TheABAP/4Workbench,agraphicalprogrammingenvironment,isusedtocreateapplicationprograms.Theprogrammingtoolsare
accessedusingbuttons,dialogsandwindows.
Workflow
Itconsistsoftimeandlogicalsequenceofworkitems,whichareprocessedbyhumanagentsormechanicalprocessingunits.
X.25
Itisastandardizednetworkaccessprotocolforthepacketswitchingnetwork.Themaximumtransmissionspeedis64KBit/s.
ThankstoRicardoFernandesdeMirandaforsubmittingthisdocument.

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