Memory Map of OMAP
Memory Map of OMAP
ABSTRACT
The TMS320C6713’s high performance CPU and rich peripheral set are tailored for
multichannel audio applications such as broadcast and recording mixing, home and large
venue audio decoders, and multi-zone audio distribution. The TMS320C6713 device is
based on the high-performance advanced VelociTI very-long-instruction-word (VLIW)
architecture developed by Texas Instruments (TI). The VelociTI architecture provides ample
performance to decode a variety of existing digital audio formats and the flexibility to add
future formats.
This paper will describe the following parts of the TMS32C6713 processor and their impact
on high performance multichannel audio systems:
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 System I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 C67x CPU and Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Fixed and Floating Point Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Load/Store Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4 Benchmark Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Two-Level Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 Cache Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 Cache Hides Off-Chip Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Unified L2 for Program and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Real Time Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4.1 Interrupt Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4.2 Real Time I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.5 Cache Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1
SPRA921
4 McASP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1 McASP Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2 TDM Synchronous Transfer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 DIT Transfer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4 McASP clock generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5 McASP Error Handling and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.6 McASP Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
List of Figures
Figure 1 Digital Surround Receiver Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2 Generalized High Performance Multichannel Audio System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 3 TMS3206713 CPU and Peripheral Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
List of Tables
Table 1 C6713 Benchmark Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1 Introduction
High performance, multichannel audio applications are evolving at a rapid rate. In the consumer
space, many standards have been defined. For example:
• Theater and home theater surround standards including: Dolby Pro Logic (II), Dolby Digital
(EX), DTS(-ES), Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (SDDS).
• Digital audio formats for portable and/or higher density (greater compression) playback:
MPEG 2 Layer 3 (MP3), AAC, MPEG 4, Microsoft Windows Media, Meridian Lossless
Packing(MLP) (DVD-Audio), Rich Music Format (RMF).
In addition to consumer standards, many companies are developing their own high performance
multichannel audio applications. Digital technology is being applied to large venues such as
stadiums, auditoriums, and movie theaters to tune the listening experience to the room
acoustics. Audio broadcast, production, and recording equipment implement effects generation
as well as multichannel audio mixing, equalization, enhancement, and music.
2 TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems
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• Glueless external memory interface (EMIF) capable of interfacing to SDRAM for bulk
external storage of additional code or delay buffers. The EMIF also supports synchronous
burst SRAM (SBSRAM), asynchronous memories, and peripherals with parallel interfaces.
• A host-port interface (HPI) for direct connection to a host processor
Figure 3 shows additional peripherals and the internal connection of the device. This includes:
• A highly efficient 16-channel enhanced direct memory access (EDMA) controller connects
the peripherals to the internal and external memory. This controller can interleave transfers
from different sources/destinations on a cycle-by-cycle basis, avoiding dead time of most
DMAs when a higher priority transfer interrupts a lower priority one.
• Highly configurable PLL and clocking control logic to enable a variety of ratios of system and
CPU clocks
• 256K bytes of internal memory to provide a large internal program and data store
• Two multichannel buffered serial ports (McBSPs) provide general connection to multiple
serial standards including SPI
• Two general-purpose timers to count system events or generate clock outputs
Optical Optical L
digital digital RAM/ROM R Record out
in receiver
S/P DIF
receiver
Coaxial
digital
in
Multichannel
Multichannel analog
TMS320C6713 D to A out
Multichannel conversion
analog
in
Amp
Multichannel
Multiplexer
A to D
L conversion Amp
R
L Amp Speaker
R level
Stereo L Amp out
analog R
in L Amp
R
L
R
Subwoofer
out
Tuner
System
controller
TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems 3
SPRA921
Directly
connected to
SDRAM other system
components
EMIF GPIO
Serially
Host ROM controlled
processor interface
devices
McBSP0 Enhanced
DMA
controller
I2C1 (16
channel)
I2C0 L2
memory L1D cache 2–way
Timer 1 192K set associative
bytes 4K bytes
Timer 0
Clock generator
oscillator and PLL Power–
x4 through x25 down
GRO multiplier logic
32 /1 through /32
HPI dividers
4 TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems
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TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems 5
SPRA921
3 Two-Level Cache
3.1 Cache Overview
The TMS320C6713 device utilizes a highly efficient two-level real-time cache for internal
program and data storage. The cache delivers high performance without the cost of large arrays
of on-chip memory. The efficiency of the cache makes low cost, high-density external memory,
such as SDRAM, as effective as on-chip memory.
The first level of the memory architecture has dedicated 4K Byte instruction and data caches,
L1I and L1D respectively. The LII is direct-mapped where as the L1D provides 2-way
associativity to handle multiple types of data. The second level (L2) consists of a total of 256K
bytes of memory. 64K bytes of this can be configured in one of five ways:
• 64K 4-way associative cache
• 48K 3-way associative cache, 16K mapped RAM
• 32K 2-way associative cache, 32K mapped RAM
• 16K direct mapped associative cache, 48K mapped RAM
• 64K Mapped RAM
Dedicated L1 caches eliminate conflicts for the memory resources between the program and
data busses. A unified L2 memory provides flexible memory allocation between program and
data for accesses that do not reside in L1.
6 TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems
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TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems 7
SPRA921
4 McASP
8 TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems
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In the TDM synchronous transfer mode, the McASP continually transmits and receives data
periodically (since audio ADCs and DACs operate at a fixed-data rate). The data is organized
into frames.
In a typical audio system, one frame is transferred per sample period. To support multiple
channels, the choices are to either include more time slots per frame (and therefore operate with
a higher bit clock) or to keep the bit clock period constant and use additional data pins to
transfer the same number of channels. For example, a particular six-channel DAC might require
three McASP serial data pins; transferring two channels of data on each serial data pin during
each sample period (frame). Another similar DAC may be designed to use only a single McASP
serial data pin, but clocked three times faster and transferring six channels of data per sample
period. The McASP is flexible enough to support either type of DAC but a transmitter cannot be
configured to do both at the same time.
For multiprocessor applications, the McASP supports a large number of time slots per frame
(between 2 and 32), and includes the ability to ‘disable’ transfers during specific time slots.
In addition, to support of S/PDIF, AES-3, IEC-60958, CP-430 receivers chips whose natural
block (McASP frame) size is 384 samples; the McASP receiver supports a 384 time slot mode.
The advantage to using the 384 time slot mode is that interrupts may be generated synchronous
to the S/PDIF, AES-3, IEC-60958, CP-430 receivers, for example the ‘last slot’ interrupt.
TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems 9
SPRA921
A typical usage for the frame sync pins is to carry the left-right clock (LRCLK) signal when
transmitting and receiving stereo data. The frame sync signals are individually programmable for
either internal or external generation, either bit or slot length, and either rising or falling edge
polarity.
Some examples of the things that a system designer can use the McASP clocking flexibility for
are:
• Input a high-frequency master clock (for example, 512fs of the receiver), receive with an
internally generated bit clock ratio of /8, while transmitting with an internally generated bit
clock ratio of /4 or /2. (An example application would be to receive data from a DVD at 48
kHz but output up-sampled or decoded audio at 96 kHz or 192 kHz.)
• Transmit/receive data based one sample rate (for example, 44.1 kHz) using McASP0 while
transmitting and receiving at a different sample rate (for example, 48 kHz) on McASP1.
• Use the DSP’s on-board AUXCLK to supply the system clock when the input source is an
A/D converter.
Upon the detection of any one or more of the above errors (software selectable), or the
assertion of the AMUTE_IN pin, the AMUTE output pin may be asserted to a high or low level
(selectable) to immediately mute the audio output. In addition, an interrupt may be generated if
enabled based on any one or more of the error sources.
5 Conclusion
The TMS320C6713 peripheral set enables the device to directly interface to a variety of
components in these systems. The McASPs provide highly-flexible direct interconnect to the
digital audio streams as well as high performance audio data converters. The two-level cache
enables efficient data management and real time I/O while hiding performance issues
associated with low cost external SDRAM. The TMS320C6713 DSP device architecture is
ideally suited for multichannel, high-performance audio applications.
10 TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems
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6 References
1. TMS320C6713 Floating-Point Digital Signal Processor data sheet (SPRS186)
2. TMS320C6211Cache Analysis application report (SPRA472)
3. TMS320C6000 DSP Multichannel Audio Serial Port (McASP) Reference Guide (SPRU041)
4. TMS320C621x/C671x Two-Level Internal Memory Reference Guide (SPRU609)
5. TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide (SPRU189)
6. TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide (SPRU190)
7. Payan, Reimi, DSP software and hardware trade-offs in Professional Audio Applications,
Audio Engineering Society, 112th Convention. 2002 May 10–13 Munich, Germany
TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor Optimized for High Performance Multichannel Audio Systems 11
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