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Contents

What is What is Data Analysis ?

What is Data Analysis ? Data Analysis Methods

Main Data Analysis

Data Analysis Software

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What is Data Analysis ?

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What is Data Analysis ? : The process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and

4.5 (90.37%) 81
modeling data with the objective of discovering useful information, arriving at
ratings

conclusions, and supporting the decision making process is called Data

Analysis. There are multiple facets and approaches with diverse techniques for the data
analysis. The data analysis in statistics are generally divided into descriptive statistics,
exploratory data analysis (EDA), and con rmatory data analysis (CDA). Data need to be
cleaned. Data cleaning is the process of correcting the outliers and other incorrect and
unwanted information. There are several types of data cleaning process to employ
depends on the type of data to be cleaned. For quantitative data methods the outlier
detection can be used to get rid of anomaly in the data. Spellcheckers can used to lessen
the amount of mistyped words in case of textual data.

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8/2/2019 What is Data Analysis ?

Business intelligence covers the data analysis that run heavily on aggregation,
disaggregation, slicing and dicing, focusing on the business information. Predictive
analytics is the application of statistical or structural models for predictive forecasting. Text
analytics is the application of statistical, linguistic, and structural models to extract and
classify information from texts. All these are varieties of data analysis.

What is Data Analysis ? Data Analysis Methods

Data Analysis consists of several phases. These are Initial phase data cleaning and quality
analysis, quality of measurement, analysis and main data analysis.

Data Analysis

Initial phase data analysis:

1.Data Cleaning :
This is the rst process of data analysis where record matching, deduplication, and column
segmentation are done to clean the raw data from di erent sources.

2.Quality Analysis:
Using frequency counts, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, median,
normality histograms such as skewness, kurtosis, frequency, where the n variables are
compared with variables of external to the data set.

3.Quality of Measurement:
Using con rmatory factor analysis and Analysis of homogeneity.

4.Analysis:
There are many analyses which can be done during the initial data analysis phase.
Univariate statistics ,single variable.

Bivariate associations correlations.

Graphical techniques scatter plots.

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8/2/2019 What is Data Analysis ?

Nominal and ordinal variables.

Frequency counts in numbers and percentages.

Associations

Circumambulations

Hierarchical loglinear analysis

Loglinear analysis  for the identi cation of important  variables and possible
confounders.

Exact tests or bootstrapping in case of subgroups are small

Computation of new variables.

Continuous variables.

Distribution.

Statistics - M, SD, variance, skewness and kurtosis.

Stem and leaf displays.

Box plots.

Main Data Analysis

1.Using exploratory and con rmatory approaches:
In an exploratory analysis no clear hypothesis is stated before analysing the data, and in a
con rmatory analysis clear hypotheses about the data are tested.

2.Stability of results
Stability of results using cross validation,sensitivity analysis and statistical methods.

3. Analysis using di erent statistical methods

1.General linear model: The di erent statistical models which the general linear model are
based are t test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA, MANCOVA, ordinary linear regression and F-
test. This is multiple linear regression model's generalization to the case of more than one
dependent variable.
2.Generalized linear model: This is an extension and generalisation of the general linear
model for discrete dependent variables.
3. Structural equation modelling: These are sable for assessing latent structures from
measured manifest variables.
4. Item response theory: Models for used for assessing one latent variable from several
binary measured variables.

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8/2/2019 What is Data Analysis ?

Data Analysis Approaches

1.Ethnographic Analysis
2.Narrative Analysis
3.Phenomenological Analysis
4.Constant Comparative Analysis
5.Hermeneutic Analysis
6.Discourse Analysis
7.Grounded Theory Analysis
8.Content Analysis
9.Cross cultural Analysis

Process of Analysis
• Look at the data from the perspective of what you want to know
• Estimate the averages of the data
• Evaluate the exceptions from the average

Data Analysis Software

Orange Data mining, R Software Environment, Weka Data Mining, Tableau Public,
Arcadia Data, Microsoft R, ITALASSI, Shogun, Trifacta, ELKI, Scikit-learn, Data Applied,
Lavastorm Analytics Engine, Gephi, DataMelt, TANAGRA, Julia, RapidMiner Starter
Edition, SciPy, KNIME Analytics Platform Community, Dataiku DSS Community, Google
Fusion Tables, Massive Online Analysis, NodeXL, DataPreparator, NetworkX, NumPy,
OpenRe ne, DataWrangler, PAW, ILNumerics, ROOT, DataCracker, Scilab, FreeMat,
Ipython, jMatLab, SymPy, Fluentd, EasyReg, Matplotlib

Top Free Data Analysis Software (https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/top-data-analysis-software/)

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8/2/2019 What is Data Analysis ?

ELKI

Nvivo, ATLAS.ti, MAXQDA, Quirkos, webQDA, Dedoose, HyperRESEARCH, Raven’s Eye,

Qiqqa, Focuss On, F4analyse, Annotations, Datagrav, QDA Miner, and SaturateApp are
some of the top Qualitative Data Analysis Software.

Top Qualitative Data Analysis Software (https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/top-qualitative-data-analysis-software/)

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8/2/2019 What is Data Analysis ?

ATLAS.ti

General Architecture for Text Engineering – GATE, Coding Analysis Toolkit, FreeQDA,
TAMS, Transana, ConnectedText, RQDA, Qiqqa, LibreQDA, QCAmap, Visão, Aquad,
Weft QDA, Cassandre, ELAN, CATMA, Compendium, fs/QCA, Tosmana, QDA Miner Lite
Kirq are some of the Top Free Qualitative Data Analysis Software.

Top Free Qualitative Data Analysis Software (https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/top-free-qualitative-data-analysis-software/)

Compendium
 
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More Information on Predictive Analysis Process

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Predictive Analytics Process Flow
For more information of predictive analytics process
(https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/what-is-predictive-analytics/), please review the
overview of each components in the predictive analytics process: data collection (data
mining) (https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/what-is-data-mining/), data analysis
(https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/data-analysis/), statistical analysis
(https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/statistical-analysis/), predictive modeling
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