KORBEL FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC. .

Purok Spring Uno, Brgy. Morales, Koronadal City

Contact No. 887-2051

Subject: Creative Writing Grade Level: 12

Quarter: 1st Week: 6

I. OBJECTIVE:

1. identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in fiction

2. write short exercises exploring key elements of fiction

3. write a short scene applying the various elements, techniques, and literary devices

II. PRE-ASSESSMENTS: Just Think About This

What was the best story you have read?

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Is there any character from the story/novel in which you want to imitate? Who was him/her?
Why do you like his/her
character?___________________________________________________________________

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III. CONTENT

Reading and Writing Fiction

FICTION is a series of imagined facts which illustrates facts which illustrates truths about
human life. It does not require the presentation of actual people and situations, but characters
and incidents may be based on actual people and real life events.

Principal Types of Fiction

1. Short Story is a brief, artistic form of prose fiction which centers on a single main
incident and intends to produce a single dominant impression.
2. Novel is an extensive prose narrative, a book-length story written in prose usually
comprising 75, 000- 100,000 words. Because of its length, the novel can develop more
characters, a more complicated plot, more elaborate settings and more themes
 Different Genres of Fiction
A. Fable- it is a brief story that offers some pointed statements of truth or explicitly
states a moral. The characters are animals or natural forces with human traits
and characteristics.
Example: Aesop’s The Hare and the Tortoise
B. Parable – it is a brief narrative with a realistic plot. It implicitly teaches a moral.
The Holy Bible is rich source of timeless parables by Jesus Christ
Example: The Prodigal Son
C. Tale – it contains strange and wonderful events without detailed characterization
such as the ones we read in fairy tales and bedtimes stories.
Example: Jack and the Beanstalk
D. Realistic Fiction – the characters are ordinary men and women like the people
we encounter in daily basis and those with real issues realistically dealt with.
Example: Novels of Sinclair Lewis and the James
E. Romantic Fiction - it is a narrative that focuses on adventurous and daring
actions. It is usually set in a remote place and time with dashing hero who saves
a beautiful maiden in distress. It often views life as optimistic and idealistic; thus it
prefers a happy ending
Example: Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility
F. Naturalistic Fiction- it is also called extreme or ultra-realism. Characters are
portrayed as having little or no free will.
Example: Guy de Maupassant’s ”The Necklace”
G. Historical Novel- it is a detailed reconstruction of life in another time and perhaps
in another place. It recaptures the spirit and atmosphere of an age or era in the
past.
Example: Sir Walter Scotts’ Ivanhoe
H. Psychological Fiction- it transfers its setting from the outside world to the mind
and the inner life of a character. The psychological novelist uses the method
called “ stream of consciousness” to externalize the thoughts, ideas, sensations,
memories, impressions that rush through the mind without order or coherence.
I. Science Fiction- it deals with futuristic concepts such as new world settings,
futuristic science and technology, space and time travel, intergalactic warfare,
extra-terrestrial life, alien abduction and parallel universe
Example: Michael Faber’s Under the Skin
J. Non- fiction novel/ Fictionalized Account- this is also known as reconstructed
biography. It is a novel based on the true story or real people and real life events
Example: Ruman Capote’s cold Blood

Elements of the Genre

1. CHARACTER is an imagined person who inhabits a story, but characters may also be
based on real people whom the writer uses as a models. Characters are not limited to
human beings. It is the first essential ingredient in any successful story.

Types of Characters
a. Stock characters or stereotyped characters- these are characters that require
less- detailed portrayal.
b. Hero/Heroine – the hero is the good guy or leading male character who opposes
the villain or the bad guy. The leading female character is the heroine. In most
modern fiction, however, the lead character is just an ordinary human being like the
rest of us.
c. Protagonist- it is an older and more neutral term than “hero” for the leading
character which does not imply either the presence or absence of outstanding
virtue. The protagonist’s opponent is the antagonist.
 d. Major and Main Characters- they are also called lead characters and we think of
them as more complex than the minor characters, the other figures who appear in a
story.
e. Foil – serves as a contrast to the major character to highlight the particular qualities
of the latter.
f. Flat Characters and Round Characters- Flat characters are stock characters or
stereotypes who are somehow capable of advancing the plot, but require only the
barest outlines of description. Round characters are usually the protagonist. They
have more than just one trait. They are complex and at times complicated.
g. Static and Dynamic Characters- Static character do not experience basic
character changes through the course of the story. Dynamic characters experience
changes throughout the development of the story. A dynamic character may
undergo sudden changes but these are usually expected based on the events of the
story.
Writing Tips
How do you create a character? How do you bring your characters to life?
According to Lagos Egri, the writer must know the 3 dimensions of fictional
characters according to:
 Physical – refers to the physical dimensions such as body type, helath,
clothing, and movement.
 Sociological – refers to the character’s name, biographical details,
social status, economic status, race and ethnicity, family members and
relationships, residence, education, profession and beliefs
 Psychological – refers to the personality, speech patterns, attitudes
towards self and others, hobbies, and interests, talents, likes and
dislikes, habits, dreams and ambitions, fears, sources of laughter,
anger, worry or stress, his/her attitude toward the opposite sex
teachers, superiors, friends and competition.

2. POINT OF VIEW- refers to the narrator in the story. Every story has a narrator, the teller
of the story from whose eyes we look through as we read.
 First person- the narrator is a participant in the action. It uses the pronoun “I’ “we”
and the narrator may be either a major character who tells us directly his or her
own version of the events of the story
 Second person- it is used to tell a story to another character with the word “You”.
It is mostly told in the future tense. It creates an effect similar to conversational
anecdotes. The reader may identify himself or herself as the person addressed
by the writer
 Third person- it is the most common point of view and uses the pronoun he, she,
they. It employs a nonparticipant narrator who can usually move from place to
place to describe action and report dialogue. The words “I”, “You” and “Me” only
appear in dialogues.

3. PLOT – is a sequence of events that has a beginning, a middle and an end. It is a

pattern of actions, events and situations. It gives shape to the different parts of a story
just like the framing of a house or the skeleton of the body.
  Exposition – is the part of a story where the characters and setting are introduced
 Conflict – is a struggle or problem. It occurs in three phases: Rising Action,
Climax and Falling action. This adds suspense and excitement to a story
 Rising Action – is the events that increase the tension. These events lead to the
climax.
 Climax – can be one or many problems that create the high point of the story.
Usually at the climax, you can foreshadow the story’s ending
 Falling Action- is when the tension decreases and everything begins to settle
down
 Resolution is when the conflict has been solved and usually indicates the ending.

4. SETTING & ATMOSPHERE

Setting refers to the place and time where and when an events happens. Where a story
takes place is called locale.
Atmosphere or mood is the element that evokes certain feelings or emotion in
readers

 Physical environment refers to all things or characteristics that are discernible

 Sociological environment refers to the cultural, economic, and political attributes
of a place and its inhabitants
 Psychological Environment refers to the personality of a placed used as the
setting

5. CONFLICT is an event situation or circumstances that shakes up a stable situation; it is

a struggle between two opposing forces
 External Conflict arises between the character and an outside force.
Examples: conflict against the forces of nature
conflict against other characters
conflict against society.
 Man against Nature- struggle which positions the protagonist against an
animal or force of nature
 Man against Man – involves stories where characters are pitted against
each other.
 Man against Society – involves stories where man stands against a man-
made institutions
 Internal Conflict arises within the character himself
 Man against Self – a struggle that involves a character trying to overcome
his/her own nature or make a choice between two or more paths.

6. THEME refers to the central idea, the thesis, the message a story conveys or a
generalization or an abstraction from it.
To understand the theme of a story, you may look carefully of the following:
 Dramatic Issue- a story has a dramatic premise which sets its core dramatic
issue. The issue then moves toward resolution, which sets up the fulfilment. It is
the heart of a story’s premise and revolves around human needs.
 Moral – it is what a story shows us- an objective, universal truth that we were
unaware or before reading a story. We get to realize that message are actually
important lessons in life
 Insight- is the capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a
person or thing.
 NARRATIVE DEVICES

1. Foreshadowing is the hint of what is about to take place later. It also serves as a
signpost that gives the sensitive reader an idea of what may happen in a story.

2. Symbol is a thing that suggests more than its literal meaning. It is a concrete thing that
represents a something in abstract.

3. Mood refers to the attitude of the poet towards subject matter. It refers to the emotional
and intellectual attitudes of the author towards his/her subject matter in a given literary
work.

4. Tone refers to the intellectual and emotional attitudes of the poet towards intended
audience.

IV. ASSESSMENT:

Write a story that has something to do with any of the following. Choose only one. After writing
the story, identify the following;

a. Characters
b. Conflict
c. Theme

1. A memorable incident during your Junior- Senior Prom

2. An argument or quarrel that you witnessed
3. Receiving a present from someone you like
4. Receiving a present from someone you don’t like
5. Saving someone from embarrassment
6. Observations about campaign period
7. Having a parent who is an OFW
8. Street children begging on street
9. Success story
10. Bullying

Note: Essay is different from a story. Consider the elements and dialogue in this
output. You may write it or encode it.

V. FEEDBACK

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Parent’s Signature: ________________________________

Teacher’s Signature: _______________________________

Coordinator’s Signature: ______________________________