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Fang ICE Performance Testing

This document provides an overview of engine performance testing and optimization. It discusses measuring the full load performance characteristics of brake torque, power and fuel consumption. Engine performance maps show constant fuel consumption and power contours on a load-speed graph. Testing measures parameters like power, torque, speed, fuel consumption and in-cylinder pressure. Different dynamometers are used to measure power and torque. Fuel consumption is measured by volume or mass. Air consumption uses an orifice and pressure differential. In-cylinder pressure uses a piezoelectric transducer.

Uploaded by

Tim Wong
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
89 views

Fang ICE Performance Testing

This document provides an overview of engine performance testing and optimization. It discusses measuring the full load performance characteristics of brake torque, power and fuel consumption. Engine performance maps show constant fuel consumption and power contours on a load-speed graph. Testing measures parameters like power, torque, speed, fuel consumption and in-cylinder pressure. Different dynamometers are used to measure power and torque. Fuel consumption is measured by volume or mass. Air consumption uses an orifice and pressure differential. In-cylinder pressure uses a piezoelectric transducer.

Uploaded by

Tim Wong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internal Combustion Engines MAE 408

Engine Performance and Testing Dr. Peter B. Corson, 3171 Broughton Hall Slides courtesy of Dr. Tiegang Fang Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department North Carolina State University

Engine Full Load Performance


Three characteristics curves showing the brake torque, brake power, and brake specific fuel consumption
Intermittent

Example Full Load Performance

Example Full Load Performance

Engine Performance Maps


Added contours of constant BSFC and constant power to the load-speed graph Load is commonly denoted by torque or BMEP

Constant power curves

Engine Performance Maps contd


These help to describe the effect of load-speed variations

There is one load-speed combination with BSFC reaching a minimum

Optimizing Engine Performance


Finding the engine work in the region of low BSFC and high efficiency

For constant speed, BSFC decreases with increasing load (due to mechanical efficiency loss) and then increases up to the full load conditions (due to over fueling with poor combustion) 7

Optimizing Engine Performance contd

For constant load, BSFC decreases with increasing speed (due to heat loss) and then increases up to the maximum speed conditions (due to friction loss) 8

Optimizing Engine Performance contd


The optimum efficiency curve can only be achieved by using the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) technique

Map Example

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Map Example: Engine Torque vs. Throttle

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% Car Load Curve 30% 20% 0%

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Engine Testing
Parameters to be measured:
1. Power (brake, indicated) 2. Torque 3. Speed 4. Fuel consumption 5. Air consumption 6. In-cylinder pressure for combustion analysis 7. Other parameters such as pressures, temperatures, etc. Specific equipment is required for different parameters

Engine Test Cell

Control Room

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Power, Torque, and Speed Measurement


Power, Torque, and Speed are measured by dynamometers (dynos) Three types of dynos are commonly used: 1. Fluid or Hydraulic dynamometers (water brakes) 2. Eddy current dynamometers 3. Electric dynamometers Types 1 and 2 can only absorb power from the engine Type 3 (electric) can absorb power from the engine or deliver power to engine, which can be used to motor the engine to measure the friction power

Water brake dyno

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Power, Torque, and Speed Measurement contd

Eddy current dyno

Electric Dynos (AC and DC)

AC electric dynos are newer and response faster.

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Fuel Consumption Measurement


Measurement includes two types: Mass or Volume Volume measured using rotameter: Float in a tapered tube Reading affected by viscosity and temperature of fuel Volume measured using turbine flow meter Volume measured by positive displacement flow meters: Advantage: independent of viscosity

Rotameter

Turbine flow meter

Positive displacement flow meters

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Fuel Consumption Measurement contd


Mass: steady state batch flow measurement with scale and beaker Mass: Coriolis flow measurement Fluid passes through a vibrating tube, causing the tube to twist; the amount of twisting is proportional to the mass flow

Coriolis mass flow meter

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Air Consumption Measurement


Most common: calibrated orifice or nozzle Pressure drop across orifice or nozzle increases with flow rate Pressure differential measured with pressure transducer Normally calibrated by manufacturer under controlled conditions Orifice or nozzle cause slight air restriction

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Engine Combustion Data Acquisition


Pressure-volume conditions in combustion chamber easily measured Two-channel shaft encoder (synchronize the timing) Top Dead Center (TDC) pulse Crank angle pulses at <0.25 degree intervals Piezoelectric transducer for measuring in-cylinder pressure Sensor slight recessed Effect of connecting passage Special coatings on the surface to limit radiant energy transfer Water cooled to prevent damage at high temperatures Can be used to calculate energy release rate

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Engine Test Facility

Typical engine test facility

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