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Pre Coding

This document discusses pre-coding techniques used in MIMO systems to decrease interference and increase data rates. Pre-coding is a preprocessing technique performed at the transmitter that exploits transmit diversity. It requires channel state information to optimize the precoder with the decoder. Linear precoding techniques like maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing are less complex than nonlinear precoding, but nonlinear approaches can achieve capacity.

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6 views

Pre Coding

This document discusses pre-coding techniques used in MIMO systems to decrease interference and increase data rates. Pre-coding is a preprocessing technique performed at the transmitter that exploits transmit diversity. It requires channel state information to optimize the precoder with the decoder. Linear precoding techniques like maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing are less complex than nonlinear precoding, but nonlinear approaches can achieve capacity.

Uploaded by

sec21ec114
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9.

4 PRE-CODING

9.4.1 Introduction

&The main difficulty in MIMO channels is the separation of the data streains
which are sent in parallel. To decrease the multi-user interference and
increase the data rate in MIMO system, we are using the pre-coding
technique.
o It is apreprocessing technique that performs transmits diversity and it is
similar to equalization, but the main difference is that we are in need to
optimize the precoder with a decoder. The Channel cqualization aims to
9.10
Wireless Communication
minim1Ze channel errors. but the nrecoder aims to minimize the error in the
receiver output.
Ihe precoding is atechnigue which exploits transmit diversity by weighting
nyormation stream, i.e. the transnitter sends the coded information to the
receiver in order to get the prior knowledee of the channel. The receiver is a
channel
Stmple detector, such as matched flter, and does not have to know the
of the
SIde injormation. This technique will reduce the corrupted effect
comnunication channel.
YY1
S; 2 Y2
Linear
Detection output
Lnfomation Deimux Modulation precoder
&
SOurce
decoding
S

CSIT

Fig.9.10. Block diagram of MIMOpre-coding


CSIT- Channel State Information at Transmitter
MIMOsystems is
& Pre-coding or pre-equalization of the transmitted signals for
Channel State
the type of processing at the transmitter requires the
Information (CSI).
o In order to obtain CSI at the transmitter, the channel should be fixed (non
mobile) or approximately constant over a reasonably large time period.
o If CSI is available at the transmitter end then the transmitted symbols either
for asingle-user or for multiple users can be partially separated by means of
pre-equalization at the transmitter.

9.4.2 Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time Architecture ( V-BLAST)


cs V-BLAST is a transmitter-receiver architecture which is mainly used to
implement multiplexing in MIMO.
9.11
Multiple Antenna Techniques

This architecture can then achieve atmost a diversity order of NR, Since each
eo
received by NR antennas.
coded symbol is transmitted from one antennaand
can average over the randomness
co By coding across the sub-channels, BLAST
of the individualsub-channels and get better outage performance.

Coder
Modulator Stream 1
Channel
Data Coder
SP Modulator Stream 2
sOurce

Coder
Modulator Stream M

Fig.9.11. BLAST structure

9.4.3 Working Principle


For example, you are sending information's' and it will pass through the
channel, h' and Gaussian noise, 'n'. Then, the received signal at the receiver
front-end will be,
r=sh +n
The receiver will have to know the information about 'h' and 'n'. It will
suppress the effect of 'n' by increasing SNR. It needs information about the
channel h' and this will increase the complexity.
The receiver mobile units have to be simple for many reasons like cost, size of
mobile unit. So, the transmitter, base station, will do the hard work and
predicts the channel.
Let us call the predicted channel hest and for a system with precoder, the
information will be coded: The received signal will ber = h s +n.
co If your prediction is perfect, h =h andr =$+ n and it turns out to be the
detection problem in Gaussian channels which is simple.
9.12 Wireless Communication
9.4.4 Types of Pre-Coding
co Precoding can be realized without requiring channel state CSI at the
ransmitter, while such information is essential to handle the inter-user
interference in multi-user systems.
o In multi-user multi-antenna transmitter communicates
MIMO,
Simultaneously with multiple receivers (each having one or multiple
antennas). This is known as Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA). From
an implementation perspective, precoding algorithms for SDMA systems can
be sub-divided into,

i) Linear precoding, and


(ii) Nonlinear precoding.
The capacity achieving algorithms are nonlinear, but linear precoding
approaches usually achieve areasonable performance with much lower
complexity.
Linear precoding strategies include Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT),
Zero-Forcing (ZF) precoding, and Transmit Wiener precoding.
co The Nonlinear precoding is designed based on the concept of Dirty Paper
Coding (DPC), which shows that any known interference at the transmitter
can usually be subtracted without the penalty of radio resources if the optimal
precoding schemePerformance
can be applied on the transmit signal.

Nonlinear
Precoding
Linear
Precoding
Compexity
Fig.9.12. Linear Vs nonlinear precoding.

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