Automated Systems

and How They Are

Used In Different
Scenarios
Enhancing Safety, Efficiency, and
Reliability through Automation

By Safial Din Rishan

Class 10 Jupiter
Table of Contents:
1. Objective ................................................................................................................................ 1

2. Introduction to Automation in Various Environments ............................................ 1

3. Automated Lighting Systems in Residential Settings ............................................ 2

4. Automated Chemical Processes in Laboratory Settings ...................................... 3

5. Safety Measures in Automation .................................................................................... 4

6. Components of Automated Systems ........................................................................... 4

7. Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and Their Functionality ................................ 5

8. Advantages of Automation .............................................................................................. 6

9. Disadvantages and Challenges of Automation ......................................................... 6

10.Conclusion: The Future of Automation ........................................................................ 6

 This document provides an overview of the role of

Objective automation in various environments, including

residential and laboratory settings, focusing on their
components, safety measures, advantages, and
challenges. It also examines Distributed Control
Systems (DCS) as a critical element in these automated
systems.

Automation in Automation in Lighting and

Lighting and
01 Security Security
Automated systems in residential environments enhance both convenience
Microprocessor and security. A lighting system in a garden, for instance, can use light and
Control and
02 Sensor
infrared sensors to detect low light levels or movement, activating garden
lights only when necessary. This integration reduces energy usage and
FeedbackFocus on increases bulb lifespan by keeping lights off when they’re not needed..
Advantages
Safety and and
Limitations
03 Efficiency
Microprocessor Control and Sensor
Feedback
A microprocessor manages this setup by processing data from light and
infrared sensors to control an LED array around the garden and lighting in
decorative fountains. As it grows dark, the light sensor triggers the
microprocessor to illuminate both the garden and the fountain. The infrared
sensor also activates lighting when movement is detected, adding a layer of
security for unoccupied homes.

Advantages and Limitations

This automation setup lowers energy consumption and increases safety by
automating lighting based on real-time conditions. However, initial
installation costs and periodic maintenance requirements present
challenges, and wireless options may occasionally experience connection
issues compared to hardwired systems.ctions if necessary, adding a
secondary layer of safety to prevent unforeseen system failures.

Page 01
Introduction to
Automation enhances convenience and energy efficiency
in residential settings by integrating systems such as
sensors, microprocessors, and LED lighting arrays to

Automation in Home enable precise control over lighting conditions. In a typical

automated lighting system, Distributed Control Systems
(DCS) are used to manage inputs from light and infrared

Lighting Systems sensors. This setup allows for real-time adjustments based
on environmental cues, such as ambient light levels or
movement in the garden, reducing human involvement and
promoting energy savings.

Introduction to Automation in Home Lighting

Introduction to Systems
Automation in
01 Nuclear Power
Automation enhances convenience and energy efficiency in residential
settings by integrating systems such as sensors, microprocessors, and LED
Plants lighting arrays to enable precise control over lighting conditions. In a typical
How the automated lighting system, Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are used to
manage inputs from light and infrared sensors. This setup allows for real-
02 Automated
time adjustments based on environmental cues, such as ambient light
Lighting System levels or movement in the garden, reducing human involvement and
Works
Key Processes in a promoting energy savings.

03 Residential How the Automated Lighting System

Lighting System
Works
Automated lighting in residential spaces functions by responding to external
conditions, such as changes in light levels and movement detection. As
evening approaches and ambient light diminishes, a light sensor signals the
microprocessor to activate LED lights in the garden and initiate a pre-
programmed lighting display. Simultaneously, an infrared sensor detects
movement, activating additional lights as needed for security. This system
combines data from sensors to provide both energy-efficient lighting and
added security, reducing energy costs while enhancing safety.
Key Processes in a Residential Lighting System
Lighting Activation by Light Sensor
The automated lighting system uses a light sensor to detect declining
ambient light. As it gets darker, the sensor sends signals to the
microprocessor, which then activates the garden's LED lights. This helps
save energy by only turning on lights when necessary.

Security and Movement Detection

An infrared sensor detects movement in the garden, which signals the
microprocessor to activate security lights. This component functions both
day and night, enhancing security by illuminating the area whenever
movement is detected. Together, these sensors create a responsive
lighting environment that prioritizes energy efficiency and safety.
 Automated Lighting and Laboratory Control
Systems
Automated systems in both residential and laboratory settings combine sensors,
microprocessor controls, and actuators to improve safety, efficiency, and
convenience. Here’s how these systems operate and why they’re beneficial:

 Real-Time Monitoring:
 In a garden, light sensors detect ambient brightness
levels, activating lights when it becomes dark.
Similarly, in a laboratory, level sensors and colorimeters
monitor chemical processes, ensuring accurate and
timely reactions.
 Preventive Safety Measures:
 Automated systems in both settings use sensors to
detect abnormal conditions. In a garden, infrared
sensors track motion for security purposes, while in a
laboratory, the system will stop the chemical flow if
unsafe levels are reached, ensuring precise control and
safety.
 Energy Efficiency and Reduced Human Intervention:

Garden lighting only activates when needed, reducing

energy use, and the lab’s automated chemical dispensing
minimizes the need for human interaction.

Page 03
 Automated Lighting and Laboratory
Control Systems
Automated Lighting System in Gardens: The garden
lighting system uses light sensors to detect when
the surrounding environment becomes dark,
automatically turning on an array of LED lights
for illumination. These lights only activate as
needed, reducing energy consumption significantly.
Additionally, infrared sensors detect movement,
providing a security layer by lighting up only
when someone enters the garden. This sensor data
is processed by a microprocessor that sends
signals to the interface and actuators,
controlling the LED array effectively. The system
can even adjust brightness, further extending bulb
life.

 Automated Chemical Process in Laboratories:

In laboratory settings, automated systems
manage chemical processes to enhance safety
and accuracy. For instance, when conducting
experiments with reactive chemicals, a burette
dispenses precise amounts of a liquid chemical
into a reaction vessel. The microprocessor
receives data from level sensors on how much
liquid has been added and from a colorimeter
that measures color changes indicating the
reaction’s progress. This control ensures that
each reaction occurs safely, even with
hazardous chemicals, and that the process is
repeatable with consistent results.
Key Components in Laboratory
Automation:
 Level Sensors – Track how much liquid is added
to ensure precise dosing.
 Colorimeter – Measures the color in the
reaction vessel to signal completion.
 Microprocessor Control – Analyzes sensor data
Figure 2 Nuclear Power Plant In the Future
to control the burette, ensuring accurate
timing and reaction control.
 Actuators – Control the flow of liquid from
the burette, automatically stopping when the
reaction is complete.


Page 04
 Automated systems play a critical role in safeguarding

It’s A Double nuclear reactors by swiftly handling potential hazards,

from initiating emergency shutdowns (SCRAM) to
detecting radiation leaks. While these systems enhance

Edged Sword
safety and operational efficiency, they come with
challenges such as high initial costs and the risk of
system failures or cyberattacks. Balancing the benefits
of faster responses and increased safety with the
challenges of maintenance and security is key to their
effective use in nuclear power plants. The objective of
this documentation is to provide a detailed analysis of
automated systems implemented in Nuclear Power
Plants, explaining their critical role in enhancing safety,
Safety Protocols  The microprocessor controls efficiency,
improving operational the openingandand closing
reducing of the
human
and Shutdown tap in 'A'; error.
this isThis
done by sending signals to an actuator
report outlines the essential components ofthat
a
01 Systems:Automate operates nuclear
the tap.power
This plant
means andthe
examines how automation
microprocessor has can
optimize the performance and reliability of each system.
d Control and automatic control of the experiment with no human
Advantages
Monitoring of interaction needed. This type of automated system is of
Automated
Systems Systems great benefit to pharmaceutical companies when
02 in Nuclear Plants developing new drugs and vaccines (several experiments
can be carried out at the same time with only one person
Disadvantages
needed to monitor the system). The main advantages of
and Challenges
03 this automated system are: more consistent [repeatable]
results less dangerous lespecially if the chemicals used are
hazardousl faster results (several different experiments can
be done simultaneously! automatic analysis of the results is
possible fewer highly trained staff needed for each
experiment. results/experiments can be monitored
anywhere in the world in real time.

 The main disadvantages of this automated systern are:

less flexible than when using human technicians security
risks are always present if the data is being shared globally
equipment can be expensive to buy and set up in the first
place. Finally, there are many automated systems being
used in both industry and scientific research that
incorporate artificial intelligence (AI).

They are able to see patterns in results that could be

missed by humans. While all of this is positive, there are a
few disadvantages in this approach: a change in skills set
(is it the human or the AI that controls the research?) AI is
dependent on the data which trains it.

Page 05
 Conclusion: The Future
Advantages:

o Energy Efficiency: Lights only activate when necessary, reducing energy consumption.
o Safety: Automated lighting in response to movement enhances security.
o Customization: Programmable light displays offer flexibility for different occasions.

Disadvantages:

o Initial Costs: Installation can be expensive.

o Maintenance: Wireless systems require regular maintenance to ensure reliability.

System Components and Functions:

o Burette (Equipment A): Holds and dispenses one chemical into the reaction vessel (Equipment B) in
controlled amounts.
o Microprocessor: Processes data from level sensors and colorimeters, adjusting chemical addition
rates based on reaction progress.
o Colorimeter and Actuator Controls:
o Colorimeter: Measures color changes in the reaction, indicating completion.
o Actuator: Operates the burette’s tap, managing chemical flow with precision.
o Advantages:
o Consistent Results: Automation ensures repeatable outcomes with minimal variability.
o Safety: Reduces exposure to hazardous chemicals.
o Scalability: Multiple experiments can run simultaneously with one operator.
o Disadvantages:
o Flexibility: Automated setups are less adaptable than human technicians.
o Security: Remote monitoring introduces potential cybersecurity risks.
o Cost: High initial costs for setup and equipment.
REFERENCES:
1. Smith, J. A. (2020). Automation in Everyday Life: Residential and Laboratory
Applications. New York: Tech Press.
2. Johnson, R. T., & Lee, K. M. (2021). Automated Systems: Principles and Practices.
Boston: Academic Publishing.
3. Wikipedia
4. Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science 2nd Edition Course Book