AI Project Cycle

Notes Class 9
,2022-23
The AI Project Cycle is a step-by-step process that a
company must follow in order to derive value from an AI
project and to solve the problem.

There are five different stage of AI Project Cycle.

Stage of AI Project Cycle

1. Problem Scoping
Whenever we begin a new project, we encounter a number of
challenges. In fact, we are surrounded with issues! These
issues might be minor or major; sometimes we overlook them,
and other times we require immediate attention.

To understand a problem, determine the different aspects that

affect the problem, and define the project’s goal are problem
scoping.

How to Identify the Problem Scoping in AI

Project
Follow the following steps to identify the problem scoping from
the project –

 Understand why the project was started.

 Define the project’s primary objectives.
 Outline the project’s work statement.
 Determine the most important goals.
 Choose important milestones.
  Determine the major constraints.
 Make a list of scope exclusions.
 4Ws Problem Canvas

The 4 W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and

Why. This 4 W’s helps to identify and understand the problem
in a better manner.

a.Who – The “Who” element helps us to understand and

categorize who is directly and indirectly affected by the
problem, and who are known as Stakeholders.

b.What – The “What” section aids us in analyzing and

recognizing the nature of the problem, and you may also
gather evidence to establish that the problem you’ve chosen
exists under this block.

c.Where – What is the situation, and where does the problem

arise.

d.Why – Refers to why we need to address the problem and

what the advantages will be for the stakeholders once the
problem is solved.

Statement of the Problem Template

After you’ve completed the above 4Ws, make a summary of
what you’ve learned. The problem statement template is the
name for this summary. This template summarizes all of the
important points in one place. So, if the same problem comes
again, this statement will make it much easier to fix.
2. Data Acquisition
The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work
with is known as data acquisition. Data can be in the form of
text, video, photos, audio, and so on, and it can be gathered
from a variety of places such as websites, journals, and
newspapers.

What is Data
Data is a representation of facts or instructions about an
entity that can be processed or conveyed by a human or a
machine, such as numbers, text, pictures, audio clips, videos,
and so on.

There is two type of data –

1. Structured Data
2. Unstructured Data

a.Structured Data
When data is in a standardized format, has a well-defined
structure, follows a consistent order, and is easily accessible
by humans and program. This data is in the form of numbers,
characters, special characters etc.

b.Unstructured Data
Unstructured data is information that doesn’t follow traditional
data models and is therefore difficult to store and manage.
Video, audio, and image files, as well as log files, are all
examples of unstructured data.

Dataset
Dataset is a collection of data in tabular format. Dataset
contains numbers or values that are related to a specific
subject. For example, students’ test scores in a class is a
dataset.

The dataset is divided into two parts

a.Training dataset – Training dataset is a large dataset that

teaches a machine learning model. Machine learning
algorithms are trained to make judgments or perform a task
through training datasets. Maximum part of the dataset
comes under training data (Usually 80%)

b.Test dataset – Data that has been clearly identified for

use in tests, usually of a computer program, is known as test
data. 20% of data used in test data

Acquiring Data from Reliable Sources

There are six ways to collect data.

a.Surveys
A research method for gathering data from a predetermined
sample of respondents in order to get knowledge and insights
into a variety of issues.

b.Cameras
We can collect visual data with the help of cameras,
this data is unstructured data that can be analyzed via
Machine learning.

c.Web Scripting
Web scribing is a technique for collecting structured data from
the internet, such as news monitoring, market research, and
price tracking.
d.Observation
Some of the information we can gather through attentive
observation and monitoring.

e.Sensors
With the help of sensors also we can collect the data. A
device that detects or measures a physical property are
called sensors, such as biomatrix.

f. Application program interface

An API is a software interface that enables two apps to
communicate with one another.

How to create a System Map with example

of Water Cycle.

All of the constituents of the Water Cycle are circled in this

System Map.
With the help of arrows, the map depicts the cause and effect
relationships between elements. The arrowhead represents the
effect’s direction, while the (+ or -) indicates their relationship. If
the arrow with the + sign goes from X to Y, it suggests the two
are directly related.

That is, as X rises, Y rises as well, and vice versa. If the arrow,
on the other hand, goes with a – sign between X and Y, it
signifies that both elements are inversely connected.

This means that while X increases, Y decreases, and

vice versa. Now, it’s your turn to build your own

System Map!
3. Data Exploration
In order to better understand the nature of the data, data
analysts utilize data visualization and statistical tools to convey
dataset characterizations, such as size, amount, and accuracy.

Data exploration is a technique used to visualize data in the

form of statistical methods or using graphs.

Why Data Exploration

Exploration helps you gain a better understanding of a dataset,
making it easier to explore and use it later. It also helps to
quickly understand the data’s trends, and patterns.

About Data Visualization Chart

Data visualization charts are graphical representations of data
that use symbols to convey a story and help people understand
large volumes of information.

The following are some of the most frequent data

visualization chart and graph formats:
a.Column Chart – A column chart is a basic Visualization
chart that uses vertical columns to represent data series.
Because column lengths are easy to compare, column charts
are an effective approach to demonstrate the changes in the
data.

b.Bar Chart – A bar chart is a visual representation of

category data. The data is displayed in a bar chart with multiple
bars, each representing a different category.
4. Modelling
AL, ML & DL

Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence
in robots that have been trained to think and act like humans.
The term can also refer to any machine that demonstrates, like
humans, the ability to learn and solve the problem is Artificial
Intelligence.

Machine Learning
Machine learning is a part of an Artificial Intelligence application
in which we give data to the machine and allow them to learn
for themselves. It’s essentially getting a machine to accomplish
something without being specifically programmed to do so.

Deep Learning
Deep learning is a part of Artificial Intelligence that uses neural
networks with multilayer. Deep learning analyzes the data,
learns the data and solves the problem the same as a human.
Deep learning requires the machine to be educated with a large
quantity of data in order to train itself.

Rule Based
The rule-based approach to AI modeling is when the developer
defines the relationship or patterns in data. The machine follows
the developer’s rules or instructions and completes its job
properly.
What is Modeling
An AI model is a program that has been trained to recognize
patterns using a set of data. AI modeling is the process of
creating algorithms, also known as models, that may be
educated to produce intelligent results. This is the process of
programming code to create a machine artificially.

Learning Based Approach

Refers to AI modeling in which the developer hasn’t
specified the relationship or patterns in the data. Random
data is provided to the computer in this method, and the
system is left to figure out patterns and trends from it.
When the data is unlabeled and too random for a human to
make sense of, this method is usually used.

Decision Tree in AI
The concept of Decision Trees is similar to that of Story
Speaker. It’s a rule-based AI model that uses numerous
judgments (or rules) to assist the machine in determining
what an element is. The following is the basic structure of a
decision tree:

Points to Remember
When creating Decision Trees, one should carefully examine the
dataset provided and try to determine what pattern the output
leaf follows. Try picking one output and figuring out the common
links that all similar outputs have based on it.
When building a decision tree, it’s common for the dataset to
have
redundant material that’s of no use. As a result, you should
make a list of the parameters that directly affect the output and
use only those when designing a decision tree.

For a single dataset, there may be several decision trees that

lead to correct prediction. The most straightforward option
should be selected.

5Evaluation
After a model has been created and trained, it must be
thoroughly tested in order to determine its efficiency and
performance; this is known as evaluation.