LECTURE 1 – ARDUINO BASICS

THIS LECTURE WILL INTRODUCE YOU TO THE ARDUINO PLATFORM AS WELL AS

BASIC PROGRAMMING CONSTRUCTS LEADING UP TO BLINKING LEDS!

PRESENTED BY SEBASTIAN GOSCIK

ABOUT ME

Name: Sebastian “The Crab” Goscik Projects:

• ERNIE (EARS Robotic Navigator and Intrepid Explorer)
Email: [email protected] • EARS Ordering system
EARS Electronics Officer • Custom V-USB Development board (Arduino compatible)
• Android app with 500,000+ Total installs.
• Many more at http://www.goscik.com
Volunteer work:
• Headstart – Weeklong course for sixthformers. ERNIE was
created specifically for this event.
• Teaching – Such as this very class

BY SEBASTIAN GOSCIK FOR EARS

WHAT IS

• Electronics and Amateur Radio Society

• Pre-Surrey society with a heritage in amateur radio and space tech
• Technical society with a focus on member projects and the maker community
• The main things we provide are our workshop (“The Shack”) and support for
your projects beyond this course
• Email: [email protected]

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REQUIREMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE
COURSE
• A laptop with the Arduino software installed.
• Windows, Mac OS X and Linux versions are available at:
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
• Windows versions may require administrator access to install drivers.
• As we go along, the programming constructs you need to know will be taught.
• If you have any issues please ask one of the demonstrators and they will be more than
happy to help you.

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 A3 - Exploring serial communication
COURSE STRUCTURE (Friday 14th November 6-8pm)
• UART to PC
A1 - Basic Arduino introduction • SPI (using SPI temp sensor)
(Wednesday 22 October 6-8pm) • I2C (using I2C temp sensor)
• What is an Arduino and what can it do.
• IDE feature guide A4 - Advanced features Arduino
• Explanation of Arduino sketch structure (Friday 28th November 6-8pm)
• Basic programming Blink on board LED • Shift register for more IO
• Blink an external LED • Interrupts to speed up code
• Timer interrupts
A2 - Exploring other pin functions • EEPROM
(Friday 31st October 6-8pm)
• Get button input to toggle a LED A5 - Final project (Friday 12th December 6-9pm)
• Analogue read using a potentiometer
• Analogue Write to dim a LED • Put your newfound Arduino skills to use in the final
• Tone to make sounds with a buzzer project.

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KIT CONTENTS

• 1x Breadboard
• 1x LED
• 1x RGB LED
• 1x Buzzer
• 3x 100R Resistors
• 1x USB Cable
• 1x Arduino
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WHAT IS AN ARDUINO?

Features
• 14 Digital I/O pins
• 6 Analogue inputs
• 6 PWM pins
• USB serial
• 16MHz Clock speed
• 32KB Flash memory
• 2KB SRAM
• 1KB EEPROM

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THE ARDUINO IDE
The main features you need to know about are:
• Code area: This is where you will type all your code
• Info panel: This will show any errors during compiling or
uploading code to your Arduino
• Verify: This allows you to compile your code to code the
Arduino understands. Any mistakes you have made in the
syntax of your code will be show in the info pannel
• Upload: This does the same as verify but will then send your
code to your Arduino if the code is verified successfully
• Serial Monitor: This will open a window that allows you to
send text to and from an Arduino. We will use this feature
in later lectures.

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THE ARDUINO IDE
By far one of the most valuable part of the Arduino software
is its vast library of example programs. All features of the
Arduino are demonstrated in these.

Optional libraries usually add their own examples on how to

use them.

Arduino shields will often come with their own libraries and
therefore their own examples.

If these examples don’t cover what you need….Google it!

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BEFORE WE BEGIN CODING

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STRUCTURE OF AN ARDUINO “SKETCH”
void setup()
{
// put your setup code here, to run once:

}
void loop()
{
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

NB: A copy of this can be found in File>Examples>1. Basics>BareMinimum

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MY FIRST SKETCH ( BY )
int onBoardLED;

void setup()
{
//Arduinos have an on-board LED on pin 13
onBoardLED = 13;
pinMode(onBoardLED, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
digitalWrite(onBoardLED, HIGH);
delay(500); //delay measured in milliseconds
digitalWrite(onBoardLED, LOW);
delay(500);
}
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BREADBOARD

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LEDS

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 EXTERNAL LEDS

Try make an LED pin blink in a pattern on a pin of your choice

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PWM – PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

PWM allows you to create a fake analogue signal

by toggling a pin high and low. The amount of
overall time the pin spends high effects the average
voltage of the signal.
This works well for dimming LEDs so long as the
frequency of pulses is faster than the eye can pick
up
An Arduino UNO can only do PWM on pins:
3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11
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PWM EXAMPLE
int ledPin;
void setup()
{
ledPin = 10;
//Note that PWM doesn't need a pinMode
}
void loop()
{
analogWrite(ledPin, 50);
delay(500);
analogWrite(ledPin, 255);
delay(500);
}

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 LOOPY LOOP LOOOOOOOPS!
For loop: Allows you to loop a certain number of times
• Counter initialisation
• Counter condition
• What to do when loop iteration finishes

for (int counter = 0; counter<10; counter+=1)

{
//Do a barrel roll
}

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LOOPY LOOP LOOOOOOOPS!

While loop: Allows you to loop until a condition is met

• Condition

while(digitalRead(10) == LOW)
{
//Such loop, many iteration, WOW!, much condition met
}

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FINAL CHALLENGE

Task 1: Make the RBG LED cycle through 7 possible colours

Task 2: Make the LEDs fade from Red > Blue > Green > RED

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