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13-Distributed Databases

The document discusses distributed databases and distributed database management systems. It defines key concepts like distribution, autonomy, and heterogeneity. It also describes local and global transaction steps in distributed DBMS architectures. Advantages include organizational structure, availability, reliability and performance. Disadvantages include increased complexity, cost, security and integrity challenges.

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Shazia wasim
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

13-Distributed Databases

The document discusses distributed databases and distributed database management systems. It defines key concepts like distribution, autonomy, and heterogeneity. It also describes local and global transaction steps in distributed DBMS architectures. Advantages include organizational structure, availability, reliability and performance. Disadvantages include increased complexity, cost, security and integrity challenges.

Uploaded by

Shazia wasim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distributed DB & DBMS

Concepts

Distributed Database
A logically interrelated collection of shared data, physically distributed
over a computer network.

Distributed DBMS
Software system that permits the management of the distributed
database and makes the distribution transparent to users.
Main Characteristics

• Data at multiple sites


• DM at each site.
• Local requirements
• Global perspective
Distributed Processing
Concepts
• Distribution
– Refers to the distribution of data. i.e. physical distribution of data over
multiple sites that looks as one logical pool to the user.
– Client/Server distribution
– Peer-to-peer system: Each machine has full DBMS functionality
• Autonomy
– Autonomy is the distribution of control, not data.
– It is the level to which individual DBMSs can operate independently.
– The local operations of the individual DBMSs are not affected by their
participation in the multidatabase system.
– The queries process by individual DBMSs should not be affected by the
execution of global queries
Concepts
• Heterogeneity
– Heterogeneity may occur in various form in distributed system, ranging from
hardware heterogeneity and differences in networking protocols, data model,
query language and transaction management protocols

• Homogeneous DDBMS
– All sites use same DBMS product.
– Much easier to design and manage.
Distributed DBMS Architecture
showing Local Transaction Steps

3 5

Local transaction – all data stored locally


Local Transaction Steps

• Application makes request to distributed DBMS


• Distributed DBMS checks distributed data repository for
location of data. Finds that it is local
• Distributed DBMS sends request to local DBMS
• Local DBMS processes request
• Local DBMS sends results to application
Distributed DBMS architecture
showing global transaction steps

2
3
1
7 6
8
4

Global transaction – some data is at remote site(s)


Global Transaction Steps

• Application makes request to distributed DBMS


• Distributed DBMS checks distributed data repository for location of data. Finds
that it is remote
• Distributed DBMS routes request to remote site
• Distributed DBMS at remote site translates request for its local DBMS if
necessary, and sends request to local DBMS
• Local DBMS at remote site processes request
• Local DBMS at remote site sends results to distributed DBMS at remote site
• Remote distributed DBMS sends results back to originating site
• Distributed DBMS at originating site sends results to application
Advantages of DDBMS

• Organizational Structure : Organizations naturally distributed


• local autonomy :Data can be placed at the site close to the user
• Improved availability : Continue function despite failure
• Improved Reliability : Data replication
• Improved Performance: Data near the site (access speed factor)
• Economics :Data transmission cost (centralized vs Distributed)
• Modular Growth :Adding new sites is easy without effecting the operation of
other site
Disadvantages of DDBMS

• Complexity : Hides distributed nature from user


• Cost :Maintenance cost increase with complexity
• Security: Multiple locations
• Integrity: Communication and processing costs
• Lack of Standards: No tools to convert centralized DBMS to distributed DBMS
• Lack of Experience: Not much general purpose DDBMS
• Database Design more complex : Replication

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