Ih.

fqnoYd^{

J,,rr'lanlg, ; f T,V-tV 15 lineaz -lhen f ,fu) ;o de(.,ned a +h cl.t"tBpc-kpsh'o

yotXnowal of ep/ ttelpn ttpzcse#*lio" 4 T 6ilh Resyett +o rt! bsx
- /,wh {7'ol-
the left,r- Lesis"is lels m hn tide)

^
Jrptiqt kte is p ar,u^l! *e guverl sa1twl afr such matz,cd havr, the ene
+1(L). Ltt*psn p fl)
bg^$ ' Lct V= P. (z) Let T'P,Lz) ->P,Lr) h A\ drftne
'.
'

T Grx)), fi(z)+ (7+r)f '.;,) Eas4 l" circc\t T ;s linearl.

' Find {, td ard crgenrotve.r { e.,,9envec}uRs 4T
TpL.e 0'11tv,,7"\ , ,

-T(t). I

Tt^)= tr+btr*l)= 2zt+l

-fLt")'f +(t+l)2't = 37't2*

A'[r1, = f-r ,]
:l-'"
' :

l: ,"
= (t-t)(z-Do-D
fr(n)'t k):= dey i' ' 2. I 1
lo 2-b
Lo o t-tJ
The noots 4 {oCo) aiLe 7= | ,2 ,3 . lel h,. , v,=l awl zr.3 I .

\ pRwiox theoqerh , {heRe e?(isr }, , p, f, e P" ,rl,J;:l^}fi

,
p t z3
'i',1 . ;

{(p,) = P, * (zt+D p,' = P, F ir p, ' l'p,- p,) ' ,

'i.2
TQJ =' V,'r (r+r) p) = t'p, , ',

h+Dpj.p
w p'-e/'tbt+c th'cn' (a,b'' €0
t:)r't:::R;ie::::-i.t,
Jolri ,y (r" &, b) c; &=0 ) b=C LF.
Thcn p, = ex + a, 0-eF,
 €e
.ttrl
f(yr), par (ttDpu'= 3y,
(*t) " LV,
fi
U fr'Av'+bx+c a,b,L L(
{hen (zatDt
Zaf r tb ' 2ax'+ Zbx r k
Jo 2a'b a"rl 0'& .

so
fr'ax"+2rya a€F
N* Nt can labc pr='l t pr=xt\ , pr' {*lt \
-

Tunh d; ao 6npli zecJ sr'nce Jhew rt is+s r hesis f V +l'ef arsisfs ,{ qfhualaeJ
fi,{ buis ()''f t ) z+t , x'tLxilf
De nile
v'{t
Nw u7o'=[|
,0, f. l)

lil
TheoBern
hlr, Rtcalt [tr")1, = AC"]n)

M'J# tv;l e

/kn [rJ*

, if
(nnn psely t-len i+ fril*t
foo- [t nJ
* [TJ" Lvro
*h'+ rach @ "
;t an aaUtVe-rlw u.ti1l, tll^value
J ^U
fr*, the d;Xnal

Throai4' lt
Ar^y"Cp) +hon {^&) is r pulrrorvrral ,( dTjzec n uslo1, I
ln,l,nq trc((-iuenl it C,)'
T(nrnen ek, holds ha 1'V+V r^rlq^pe T linuz, cl i^ V=n
Plef.. {o ct)= derfn-td
J+(s a .qarena\ fe't lhrl clet C ..^rl'en Ceft.Cp) is a survr 4
"
/n!) scrlar,"J , a& of r^rhich is t ytofiuck ol n eyrtrjer fu'^ fhe
rrnahr/.
-fh't irnpliu tt4* uch
*+tne (nl) Suvnwwnds til h t p)1",0,*J
4 dtgnee. tn , antl vlar*Iy a4e : $ill haVc Qe4zee n ) ahictn' Ys lhe
5ummantl tonin4 fR', lde vnpin dt'qqna I ."
This ,*Ltrt it- cltaB lhe+ +tx b'Ar" aefftotcnt df ('.
 f4

let T h r lrneop lerehp an vethB

,Spn V (w'**, din Gr) ,ovel f
@'Jf T ha,s h dtst ncf
tj*urtuA trh.n T is t ff"" li+abte
T+rrlt'T is dis6onatizable-+ J rla,sis ?-iojtnuethBsjnLrJ, r*t"61rra( /
rntpiet,aBe ogr-nuttaes

Nrlahrrt ofEiatnswce I

IL+ o" t )n cllenuslus h, T

*hcn denrt lt e assooiakd e$onsyaa E z t-- N k- zL)
I t .,

hwrna' q ,,, d1.l+tnch e{envrl,r<.o *h.r, E o,O E v,= ,o\

?,_aee \'
?f'Lt{ 'ue Eo,neV"
to Tv=Z,v Tv = 4-v
so 2,V=.A.-V,
b,* A,{ Vt so != o .

b(@, l

)&f[U)hepol,lnonid
Ne trd t 4e Nt,cn ,f(d
,. J',l
i.c. cah be uN4oh ss d ynodurk o{ lircer< prllh6rnielE N/ cref( 4 c"n'hrls
fzor the $'etd,
NeL, gven
) q/ f
A, sylfo :

. .:
+,?i{ .:"T;1utli 'x: #';1;1^ F

Thwppn'7abT 4 V A.s abo{e

1 ir d,irXrnatiz"rbb i{f
(t) {r ' syl,*s ov€R F , i

(r) slt'n ( f )= rnul\(")

ML(t(z)=* o( hnes v js r wt of f, I

=f '{ G-a) f*ru in ft

 (t-t)(t-)' 4
Ltun Ll*' +, (A= L
RrlrtJ opL 0 )l ,2
tll/ro
tnult(o) = [
rnqt& {t), I

mL((+ (z), z

Etaynok,
' l- lc+ V- P,k) i

T ((C^))'( cr) rf (r) (z+z)

I ("r Lzr+cr") = a +(a,+b*a)(zd)

Js f diatnaltzeble 2I

U (l , f t, /,lrr
A' cfln Ttl= l+ztz'
Th)- o+zt^'
Tq) = o+7rz'

l*6 , f, (u) ' dct (nJ 6- t r)

d*1,-r o ol t) (t ) (t)

l', ''-,' :)
i

,cr(, spbtt lhc ,/l^ualues ,tou

w[t (o)-- | ,
i

Tnult t,) = |
hult (z) = I
'

C ]'eoL din G,)'r t drn (€,)=/ ) / llrQ)= I

l1n* ,L, (8,) >t V/, +tu1 ry durh,,41- eyqdru^
d"'n G,)v t aru-'assxiad t^li flt
ol"i n G)v(
'
 6t
l[o* E,nE,=E,nE, = E,n e' = fuI \ b,,,tna"

d)^ tv)'3 d 0," AV oti Lz I

lsgrt^t oh'n ( e) \.2 .

l"n- tutne ; € f o, t', z\ .

Thbn ;J st E; n E; {{oj ,uilh [*J-

a

E,5

iltno /rrn ( ei) 22. oli L 2-

oL n (gr)"1 O L;L2

8, T is At*rt^aabk

W' 7 aA<x'alue (* T :

I 1X^^Go) l mwL+(v>
,.
eelzll 'f: \/+V is d.,egrnaliubte if Jhrpt eri-rl-s'a hais fl "F V :

tuLh {h"t CfJo it" J dtiVdnal 'hrtztr

8,m,bn(, +€fYl.n G) is' ctia1onah.agble ;f lhe lnansrtztneh'an /^ F\F'
is O t/*ahztbte ,

{hcorw^' A is dtaronettztole' i(f xS, Etfln:),

';_i^K, rlr:'r:::frr, :

Jn fatt; t( v,,,.-{,gFo i, a fu,, 4 ayaveduzs fr* A, pYo

Q'(u, v^---v^) sA's.F'es ttna (Noie.ThB rttunet v,,.t.-vA ane ltne.teli;rdup.)

^(/ f .:,je,,_. _,ehJ g f" /,r,lAe sfanlat/, /as,.s.

fhen b:l dlf nlibn A = nAf
Lct An,ft^Jr.
Q-'Aa=[LnJo
kh/ ne pzov"l lta* [LeJp ,:, J;Vn"/ ,'/f
i

P ts t hsis ,/ arlyrccfa<.t.
iii

Q,X JyPle^'Ltsl fi,vrre we

@ &na ,UZrd a- Anae lr^ frrnsA'an uAos6 tnetzip -tr, r- t
U
fr'{,,2,r'l ues
IJe thwul
^ (:': ;l {--
I

t'* a =('i Now +,K, /uv( a,-'AA

1)
 6L
!-.-

T,ra fi
4'--
t

I Sptincss ,f lr&) , 11nO /t'at-

Ita=
4 T ;s dt>lldnthuuk
(2,- t)(2,-n)" . (o^-t)
, T spltts,. f:
i'o *^J fa+t * is lincaa. tVt lhis is owa tr.

Ex^lh' /tlot7<.tt ) A =

lotol:1'- 2as e+ t
A = 4ws'3,- 4 <o whtn
Jo ,*Aett 0 <g< TL t

{o/1') ntl sylif o{ep- [R., rin, ;f Jra, no rtnls in R.

clocs

Nole /$"/- fn te) syl;{t ovee C , ancl fuew aae L

disn,! unpk1 4 A , Ml //tt a'gnveohes
eiTave/aes
acsoaak/ ,t/ thui etXenvaluet
.ft" 4 A,*' a dieX"iata'nX barrs

Fu,rAen An,t tpli;b9 ov€K ,A

o
Prl4^avnisl
4"c' ,f oA
,4rhei ilose/'
.

D D; ntn tiohs4 E4cnspnrcr

Lcl r, Vu-n (l
f,n tdv€F, E^r=,lveV I Tv=avi o r,fubspacc of V. :

I Ne shwctr lhal il's elorcd undga scelap ut(.L ,\ \

I

'
lA
\
u,ve E^
,fkn Thtrr)"J,fu)tT&)",au11v= a (utv) -)uttvQLrf
\
l

futlu, T' Pn tr) - P. (r) t(p) ' ={ '- t.

Nok {^&)= GD" L4 a'inc.t', /r, /0,'i g, o\ :

Thra fo(Q :p!*s.) +^&\=(t)".L.t.L--..1 \ O " ."/

Nok {hc on!. eiqenualttc is 2.o , ant, lh ,uns4,*u*s ,( P; (r) aw
+fu Nsoc'tskl uynvuloe,t -

, . ro d,', E, = cli, f"\! I .

to T tt ,pl ollaqorel,Zailt {in(L
ntttt(v'1 =nnL{h)=n IL

o;
I