18 CIV 59 – ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Module 4 and 5

Module 4- Global Environmental Concerns

Ground water depletion/recharging, Climate Change; Acid Rain; Ozone Depletion; Radon and
Fluoride problem in drinking water; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people, Environmental
Toxicology.

Module 5 -Latest Developments in Environmental Pollution Mitigation Tools

G.I.S. & Remote Sensing, Environment Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Systems,
ISO14001; Environmental Stewardship- NGOs.

1. Environmental protection act was enacted in the year

a) 1986 b) 1992
c) 1984 d) 1974

2. Which of the following is an NGO

a) Narmada Bachao Andolan b)Bombay natural history society
c) Centre for science & Environment d) All of the above

3. Economic security is measured on the basis of

a) Income b) Labour market & employment
c) Work, job & skills d) All the above

4. Socio-economic security in environmental aspects involves

a) Fairness & equity in distribution cost for complex existing generation
b) Welfare of the present generation
c) Intra & intergenerational equity of resources
d) All of the above

5. Minamata episode of Japan is due to the poisoning of

a) Lead b) Nickel
c) Mercury d) Cadmium

6. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?

a) 1.0mg/l b) 1.25mg/l
c) 1.50mg/l d) 1.75mg/l

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7. Electromagnetic radiations can cause
a) Plague b) Malaria
c) Cancer d) Dengue fever

8. Among the fresh water available in the earth the percentage of surface water is about
a) 50% b) 10%
c) 5% d) less than 1%

9. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle?

a) Precipitation b) Infiltration
c) Transpiration d) Perspiration

10. The ground water depends on

a) Amount of rain fall b) Geological formations
c) Run off d) All the above

11. The earth‘s land surface covered by forest is about

a) 1/4 b) 1/3
c) 2/3 d) 1/5

12. About _____% of the earth surface is covered by water

a) 53% b) 19%
c) 71% d) 33%

13. The term acid rain was coined in the year

(a) 1952 (b) 1852
(c) 1652 (d) 1752

14. Physical pollution of water is due to

a) Dissolved oxygen b) turbidity
c) pH d) None of the above

15. Which green house gas is known as colourless, non-flammable, sweetish odour & laughing
gas?
a) Methane b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrous oxide d) Sulphur hexa fluoride

16. Global warming could affect

a) Climate b) increase in sea level
c) Melting of glaciers d) All the above

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17. Each chlorine –free radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules.
a) 100 b) 10,000
c) 1,00,000 d) 100

18. Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to

a) Urbanization b) Industrialization
c) Increase in vehicle pollution d) None of the above

19. Cancer & related diseases are caused due to

a) Primary radiation b) Non-ionizing radiation
c) Ionizing radiation d) Secondary radiation

20. The major contributors to the acid rain are known as

a) Precursors b) Processors
c) Protons d) pollutants

21.World ozone day is celebrated on

a)September 16th b)June 5th
c)September 30th d)March 21st

22. Ozone layer thickness is measured in which units?

a) PPM b) PPM
c) Db d) DU

23. The equivalent of one Dobson unit is

a) 0.1mm b) 0.01 mm
c) 0.1 m d) 0.01m

24. Ozone hole is said to occur when the ozone level decreases below
a) 200DU b) 2000DU
c) 20DU d) 2 DU

25. What is the pH range of drinking water

a) 6 to 9.9 b) 6.5 to 8.5
c) 6 to 8.5 d) 6.5 to 7.5

26.Normal average thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is around
a) 200DU b)300DU
c) 400DU d) 500DU

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27. Which of the following have more penetration power?
a) Alpha particles b) Beta particles
c) Gamma-rays d) None of these

28. Temporary hardness of water is due to

a) Chloride hardness b) manganese hardness
c) calcium hardness d) carbonate hardness

29. Water without fluoride causes

a) Corrosion b) dental cavities
c) scale formation d) tooth decay

30. The organ of bod usually damaged from lead poisoning

a) Kidney b) Lungs
c) lever d) heart

31. Global warming may bring about the following changes in the eliminate of the earth
a) increase in rainfall b) desertification
c) drought d) all of the above

32. Earth day‘ is held every year on

a) June 5th b) November 23rd
c) April 22nd d) January 26th

33. Which of the following involves children in environmental awareness?

a) Ecomark b) Ecoclub
c) Eco task force d) All of these

34. Which of the following is NOT a correct pair?

a) World Forest Day—March 21 b) Earth Day—June 5
c) World Population Day—July 11 d) World Day for Water—March 22

35. The Karnataka state pollution control Board (KSPCB) was constituted in the year
a) 1974 b) 1982
c) 1986 d) 1976

36. The water (Prevention & control of pollution) act was enacted in the year
a) 1986 b) 1974
c) 1994 d) 2004

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37. The Karnataka state pollution control Board (KSPCB) was established in the year
a) 1974 b) 1982
c) 1986 d) 1976

38. Blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinemia) is caused by the contamination of water due to
a) Phosphates b) Sulphur
c) Arsenic d) Nitrate

39. Important factor that cause water borne disease is

a) using contaminated sewage for irrigation
b) leaching of untreated fecal and urinary discharges into water bodies.
c) discharge of industrial waste
d) by eating contaminated food.

40. EIA means

a) Environmental industrial impact b) Eco industrial act
c) Eco impact assessment d) Environmental impact assessment

41. E I A is related to
a) Resource conservation b) Efficient equipment/process
c) Waste minimization d) All the above

42.Which of the following is a key element of E I A?

a) Scoping b) Screening
c) Identifying & evaluating alternatives d) All the above

43. Which of the following is the ill effect of urbanization?

a) Decrease in agriculture land b) loss of greenery
c) loss of water bodies d) All the above

44. Acid rain can be controlled by

a) reducing SO2 & NO2 emissions b) reducing oxygen emission
c) increasing number of lakes d) increasing the forest cover

45. Which of the following statement about ozone is true?

a) Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b) Ozone protects us from the harmful UV radiation of Sun
c) Ozone is highly reactive
d) All the above

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46. Green house gas emission from burning fuel in automobiles around
a) 16% b) 10%
c) 20% d) 5%

47. The required iron content in drinking water as specified by BIS is

a) 300mg/lt b) 30mg/lt
c) 3mg/lt d) 0.3mg/lt

48. The pH value of acid rain was recorded in early days.

a) 2.5 b) 7.5
c) 4.7 d) 5.7

49. Methemoglobinemia is caused by the contamination of water due to

a) Mercury b) Nitrate
c) Arsenic d) cadmium

50. Stone cancer is an effect of

a) climate change b)Hard water
c)acid rain d) excess of calcium

51. Maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water

a) 1.0mg/l b) 1.25mg/l
c)1.50mg/l d)1.60mg/l

52. Which of the following gas is not concern to green house effect?
a) CO2 b) CH4
c) SO2 d) H2O vapours

53. Among all oxides of nitrogen which one is responsible for the formation of acid rain?
a) Nitrous oxide b) Nitric oxide
c) Nitrogen Trioxide d) Nitrogen pentoxide

54. World Ozone day is being celebrating on every year

a) 15th Sept. b) 16th Oct.
c) 16th Sept. d) 22nd Apr.

55. Contribution of carbon dioxide to global warming from industries

a) 50% b) 24%
c) 25% d) 75%

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56. Animal husbandry may result in
a) Acid rain b) Ozone depletion
c) Global warming d) snowfall

57. Percentage of ground water available on earth's environment is

a) 0.02 b) 0.5
b) 1.5 d) 0.2

58. Environmental impact assessment

a) Is a study of feasibility of a project
b) Is a study of bio-physical characteristics of the environment that may result from a human
action.
c) Both ‗a‘ and ‗b‘
d) None of the above

59. What is the average concentration of ozone in the ozone layer of the atmosphere?
a) Nearly 100% b) Greater than 90%
c) Between 10-50% d) Less than 10ppm

60. Which of the following devices can be used to measure ozone in the stratosphere from the
ground?
a) Spectrometer b) Photometer
c) Spectrophotometer d) Spectro-ozonometer

61. Who discovered the formation of ozone from photochemical reactions?

a) G.M.B Dobson b) Sydney Chapman
c) Carl Sagan d) Henri Buisson

62. Which of the following UV radiations is responsible for causing sun burns and skin cancer?
a) UV-A b) UV-B
c) UV-C d) All of the mentioned

63. When was the ozone hole discovered?

a) 1974 b) 1964
c) 1994 d) 1984

64. Which of the following chemicals are responsible for the depletion of the stratospheric ozone
layer?
a) Refrigerants b) Propellants
c) Foam-blowing agents d) All of the mentioned

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65. The Montreal Protocol bans the production of which of the following chemical substances?
a) Chlorine, bromine, CFCs, freons
b) Carbon tetrachloride, halons, trichloroethane, CFCs
c) CFCs, bromine, halons, freons
d) CFCs, halons, freons

66. Which of the following is the largest sink for carbon dioxide gas?
a) Forests b) Oceans
c) Ice sheets d) Grasslands

67. Which of the following radiations of the sun do greenhouse gases trap?
a) Visible radiations b) Infrared radiations
c) UV radiations d) All the radiations

68. Below which of the following pH is rain regarded as ‗acid rain‘?

a) 7 b) 7.3
c) 5.6 d) 6

69. Glass containers are generally not preferred for sampling rain water. Why?
a) Glass containers are expensive
b) Glass containers are not easy to maintain
c) Glass containers affect the pH of the rain water
d) All of the mentioned

70. Which of the following is/are natural contributor(s) to sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere?
a) Sea sprays b) Volcanic eruption
c) Decaying vegetation d) All of the mentioned

71. What is the pH required for the survival of aquatic animals and plants?
a) 7 b) 7.5
c) 6.5 d) 4.8

72. Which of the following gases is responsible for the yellowing of the Taj Mahal?
a) Organic carbon b) Black carbon
c) Brown carbon d) All of the mentioned

73. Which of the following reservoirs contains the most water?

a) atmosphere b) biosphere
c) groundwater d) lakes and rivers

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74. Excessive pumping in relation to recharge can cause ________
a) the water table to decline b) a cone of depression to form
c) the well to go dry d) all of these

75. Water that is good enough to drink is called ________

a) potable water b) groundwater
c) surface water d) artesian water

76. Which of the following can contaminate an aquifer?

a) landfills b) agricultural regions
c) gas stations d) all of these

77. What is the health effects of excess fluoride in drinking water?

a) Fluorosis b) Toothaches
c) Lung disease d) Intestinal infection

78. Which of the following techniques is used to remove fluorides from the water bodies?
a)Osmosis b) Ion exchange
c) Lime softening d) Both b and c

79.The main sources of Arsenic in water are ________.

a) Floods b) Fertilizers
c) Industrial waste d) Both b and c

80. Which of the following diseases or infections is caused due to poor water hygiene?
a) Leprosy b) Trachoma
c) Conjunctivitis d) All of the above

81.Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals.

a) Chemical b) Physical
c) Toxicological d) Biological
82. Hazard estimation in ecotoxicology is done based on _______
a) Accumulation b) Bio-accumulation
c) SARA d) HWL
83. Which of the following toxicity can occur due to single exposure?
a). Acute toxicity b) Sub-acute toxicity
c) Sub-chronic toxicity d)Chronic toxicity

84. The most common target organ of toxicity is the

a) heart b) lungs
c) CNS (brain and spinal cord) d)skin

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85. For what production and consumption phase out schedules the Montreal Protocol has
established?
a) Greenhouse emitting gases b) Global warming emitting gases
c) Ozone layer depleting substances d) Water level increasing substances

86. The instruments which provide electromagnetic radiation of specified wave length or a band
of wave lengths to illuminate the earth surface, are called
a) sensonrs b) passive sensors
c) active sensors d) None of these

87. Pick up the correct definition from the following with response to GIS.
a) Common boundry between two areas of a locality is known as adjacency.
b) The area features which are wholly contained within another area feature, is known so
containment.
c) The geometric property which describes the linkage between line features is defined as
connectivity.
d) All of these

88. Which one of the following helps to identify the objects on the earth surface ?
a) atmospheric window b) signature
c) radiometric error d) None of these

89. Remote sensing techniques makes use of the properties of-----emitted, reflected or diffracted
by the sensed objects:
a) electric waves b) soundwaves
c) electromagnetic waves d) wind waves

90. Remote sensing includes gathering of

a) images b) changes
c) movements d) sounds

91. GIS uses the information from which of the following sources?
a) Non- spatial information system b) Spatial information system
c) Global information system d) Position information system

92. Which of the following acts a benefit of GIS?

a) Maintaining geo spatial data b) Data sharing
c) Accurate data information d) Presence of data retrieval service

93. Among the following, which do not come under the components of GIS?
a) Hardware b) Software
c) Compiler d) Data

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94. What does abbreviation GIS stands for ?
a) Geological Information System b) Geographic Information System
c) Geographic Interpretation System d) Geoscience Interpolation Software

95. GIS deals with which kind of data

a)Numeric data b)Binary data
c)Spatial data d)Complex data

96.Which of the following statements is true about the capabilities of GIS

a) Data capture and preparation
b) Data management, including storage and maintenance
c) Data manipulation and analysis
d) All of the above

97.Spatial databases‘ are also known as

a) Geodatabases b) Monodatabases
c) Concurrent databases d) None of the above

98. Which of the following is related to GIS

a) Euclidean space b) Ramanujan space
c) Pythagorian space d) None of the above

99.Father of GIS ______________

a) Dr. Roger Tomilson b) Mike Goodchild
c) David Rhind d) Peter Burrough

100.Following device is not related to Remote sensing

a) Radiometer b) Spectroradiometer
c) Scatterometer c) Thermometer

101.Which year first GIS plan was developed

a) 1986 b) 1978
c) 1964 d) 1998

102. SDI stands for

a)Spatial Data Interface b) Spatial Data Infrastructure
c)Spatial Data Intention d) Spatial Data International

103. By ‘spatial data’ we mean data that has

a)Complex values b)Positional values
c)Graphic values d) Decimal values

104. TIN stands for

a)Traffic Internet Network b)Triangulated Irregular Network
c)Temporal Interest Network d)Temperature Interface Node

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 105. Based on what the Kyoto Protocol set emission reduction targets for the group of
greenhouse gases?
a) Hydrogen equivalents b) Carbon dioxide equivalents
c) Oxygen equivalents d) Nitrogen equivalents

106. When did the Kyoto Protocol entered into force?

a) 1997 b) 2000
c) 2005 d) 2009

107.When did the Montreal Protocol entered into force?

a) 1984 b) 1986
c) 1989 d) 1994

108. Which one of the following is the objective of Kyoto Protocol?

a) Stabilization and reconstruction of greenhouse gases
b) Protecting the ozone layer from depletion
c) Reducing the CFCs and HFCs usage
d) Increasing the greenhouse gases

110. What is the full form of NGOs?

a) Non-Governmental Organizations
b) Non Governance Organizations
c) No Governance Organizations
d) Null Governmental Organizations

111. In which of the following sector NGOs are playing an important role?
a) In governing the police force
b) In framing the policy related to laws
c) In framing the environmental policy
d) In deforestation

112. When did Greenpeace founded?

a) 1965 b) 1967
c) 1968 d) 1971

113. Why Greenpeace oppose the use of nuclear power?

a) Because nuclear power increase the environment rapidly
b) Because nuclear power plant abolishes the disasters
c) Because there is no disadvantages in nuclear power
d) Because it releases harmful radiations

114. Which NGO has the mission as ―Conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends‖?
a) Greenpeace b) Shuddh
c) World Wildlife Fund d) The Nature Conservancy

115. What is the full form of IPCC?

a) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
b) International Panel on Climate Change

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 c) Intergovernmental Protocols on Climate Change
d) International Panel on Climate Conservation

116. According to the World Health Organization estimation in 2001, which one of the
following is the most vulnerable region for a rise in sea level?
a) Srilanka b) Andaman and Nicobar
c) Ganges–Brahmaputra delta d) Kutch

117. How climate change leads to conflicts in vulnerable regions?

a) By shortage of human resources
b) By shortage of food and water
c) By shortage of land
d) By shortage of chemical manures

118. EIA is defined as

a. A process of identifying, predicting, and evaluating the likely impacts of a proposed
project or development to define mitigation actions to reduce negative impacts and to
provide positive contributions to the natural environment and well-being.
b. A report written by government
c. Project life-cycle assessment
d. None of the above

119. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is mandatory under which one of the following
India legislations
a) Indian Forest Act
b) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
c) Wildlife Protection Act
d) Environment (Protection) Act

120. Who are responsible for the public consultation process of EIA?
a) State Pollution Control Board
b) State Pollution Control Board and District Collector
c) State Pollution Control Board and CPCB Chairman
d) State Pollution Control Board and Civil Society

121. Eco-toxicology is the study of ________

a) Chemical interactions of organism and environment
b) Physical interactions of organism and environment
c) Thermal interactions of organism and environment
d) Biological interactions of organism and environment

122. Where is the WWF International located? (World Wildlife Fund –WWF)
a) Poland b) United States
c) Switzerland d) England

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123. When was World Wildlife Fund (WWF) established?
a) 1945 b) 1961
c) 1965 d) 1971

124. Where is the headquarters of Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?

a) Nairobi, Kenya b) Geneva, Switzerland
c) Gland, Switzerland d) California

125. What are the characteristics of NGOs?

a) Non-profit; Private in Nature; Self-Governing; Formal Organization
b) Profit; Private in Nature; Self-Governing; Formal Organization
c) Non-profit; Private in Nature; Self-Governing; Informal Organization
d)Non-profit; No- Private in Nature; Self-Governing; Formal Organization

126. The leader of chipko movement is

a) Sunderlal Bahuguna b) Medha Patkar
c) Vandhana Shiva d) Suresh Heblikar

127. The impact of construction of dams

a) Submerges forest b) Loss of wild life habitat
c) Damages down stream ecosystem d) All of the above

128. ISO 14000 standards are for the _________

a) Quality Management System b) Environmental Management System
c) Administration d) Supply chain

129. In which year did the ISO create the ISO 14000 family of standards?
a) 1956 b) 1966
c) 1978 d) 1996

130. Which is the first environmental management system standard?

a) BS 7750 b) ISO 9000
c) ISO 9001 d) ISO 9004

131. In which year did the current revision of ISO 14001 get published?
a) 2010 b) 2011
c) 2015 d) 2016

132.In which year did the ISO create the ISO 14000 family of standards?
a) 1956 b) 1966
c) 1978 d) 1996

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133. Which of the following pair of ISO 14000 standards fall under the category of
Environmental Management System?
a) ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 b) ISO 14010 and ISO 14001
c) ISO 14011 and ISO 14001 d) ISO 14011 and ISO 14004

134. Which of the following pair of ISO 14000 standards fall under the category of
Environmental Auditing?
a) ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 b) ISO 14010 and ISO 14011
c) ISO 14011 and ISO 14001 d) ISO 14012 and ISO 14004

135. Which of the following pair of ISO 14000 standards fall under the category of
Environmental Labelling?
a) ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 b) ISO 14010 and ISO 14011
c) ISO 14020 and ISO 14021 d) ISO 14012 and ISO 14020

136. Which of the following pair of ISO 14000 standards belong to the category of
Environmental Labelling?
a) ISO 14022 and ISO 14023 b) ISO 14001 and ISO 14004
c) ISO 14001 and ISO 14021 d) ISO 14012 and ISO 14020

137.Which one of the following is not within the purview of ISO 14000 family of standards?
a) Environmental management system b) Environment auditing
c) Life-cycle assessment d) Quality management system

138.Which one of the following does not belong to the area of Organization Evaluation
Standards in ISO 14000 series?
a) Environmental management system b) Environmental auditing
c) Environmental performance evaluation d) Environmental labels and declarations

139.Which ISO 14000 series standard refers to the guidelines on Environmental Performance
Evaluation?
a) ISO 14001 b) ISO 14004
c) ISO 14010 d) ISO 14031

140.Which is not the Role of NGOs in Natural resource management?

a) Awareness among the public on current environmental issues and solutions
b) Being involved in the protection of human rights to have a clean environment
c) Data generation on natural resources, time line history
d) Making profit through implementing projects

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141.Why Greenpeace is opposing for genetic engineering?
a) Because it causes genetic pollution
b) Because it increase the health of organisms
c) It completely saves the forest
d) It contributes for better environment

142. EIS Stands for

a) Executive Information System b) Environmental Impact Statement
c) Enterprise Information System d)None of the above

143. The Mahila Arthik vikas Mahamandal (MAVIM) was set up in the year
a) 1955 b) 1965
c) 1975 d) 1985

144. Itai itai disease in Japan was caused by consumption of rice contaminated with
a) Mercury b) Iron
c) Cadmium d) Zinc

145. Which of the following gases are main contributors to acid rain?
a) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
b) Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide
c) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
d) Sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide

146. Who discovered the phenomenon of acid rain?

a) George Brown b) James T. Stewart
c) Robert Angus Smith d) Charles David

147. Amount of CO2 present in atmospheric air is

a) 21% b) 0.383%
c) 78% d) 0.318%

148.. Optimum growth of bacteria in favourable pH value of

a) 6.5-8.5 b) 7.0
c) 6.5- 7.5 d) 7.0-14.0

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