ITCH EL Yea Se Michie ead? Ss oe @ Divisor of a Line Segment @ Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines @ Areas of Polygons @ Equations of Loci71 DYE Ce cy ‘A line segment is part of a straight line with two end points with specific length or distance. Any point dividing the segment in a particular ratio is known as the internal point. g Relating the position of a point that divides a line segment with the © elated ratio Crs Aim: To explore the relationship between the position of a point on. line segment and its ratio bi Instructions: poe 1. Scan the QR code or visit the link on the right. Nevawhis 2, Drag point P on the line segment AB to the left and right. ey Observe the values of mand n displayed, 3, What is the relationship between the position of point P on the line segment and the values of mand n? 4. Consider the position of point P on the line segment AB and answer the following questions. (a) How many parts are there between point P and point A? (b) How many parts are there between point P and point B? (€) How many parts are there between point A and point B? (@) What are the lengths of AP and PB in terms of AB? (c) Determine the ratio AP: PB. (f) What is the relationship between the position of point P on line segment AB and the ratio obtained in (e)? 5. Now, drag point P so that the ratio m: nis 5 Determine the position of point P on the line segment when the ratio m : for every part. 6. Change the ratio m : n and observe the position of point P. Does the position change with the change in ratio value? +1. Is the length of AP same as PB? isthe same From the results of Inquiry 1, point P on the line segment AB m k ivides the line segment into two parts in the ratio m : n. Ratio m: mmeans line segment AB is divided into (m +) equal parts. 4 P B The position of point P on line segment AB determines the m number of equal parts from point A to point P and the n number of equal parts from point B to point P. So, point P divides the line segment in the ratio m : n. Conversely, the ratio m : n will determine the position of point P on the line segment AB. When ratio m : n changes, the position of point P will also change. If m =n, then point P is the midpoint of the line segment AB. In general,Given line segment PQ, a pont Ris on PQ. Point Ris ofthe distance PQ from point P along the ine segment PQ. (a) Skeich this situation By using the line segment (6) Is point R closer to Por Q? Explain. (6) By using te information given, determine the following ratios, ( PR: PQ, Gi) RQ: PR, Gil) PR: RO. (€) Hence, describe the relationship between the position of point R on line segment PQ ancl its ratio. soto ot (b) Point R is closer to Q because the position of point X is more than half of the line segment from point P. (©) (i) PR: PO: 9 (i) RO:PR=2:7 (ii) PR:RO=7:2 (@) Point R divides the line segment PQ in the ratio 7: 2 1. The diagram below shows a line segment AB that is divided into 12 equal parts, Ame P,Qand R are internal points on the line segment (2) Determine the position of each point in relation to its ratio. (b) If point $ is on the line segment AB in the ratio 5 : 7, mark and label the position of point ‘Soon the line segment, 2. The diagram below shows point P which divides a piece of rope AB in the ratio m:n. er Se! = Given AP = 10 em and AB = 350m, (a) Find the values of m and n. (b) Describe the position of P on the rope in relation to its ratio. (©) If the rope is placed on the x-axis of the Cartesian plane such that is the origin and coordinates of B is (21,0), determine the coordinates of P. oe oa KM2 Deriving the formula for divisor of a line segment on a Cartesian plane In Diagram 7.1, the coordinates of points A and B are (a, y,) and (x,, y,) respectively. P(x, y) is a point which divides line segment AB in the ratio m : n.S0, CD =x—x,, DE=x,-x,PG=y-y, and BF = y,~y. Since AC, PD and BE ate parallel, we get: mx + nx = nx, + mx, xm +n) =nx, + mx, nx, + mx, t= For BF, PG and AC which are also parallel, we get: roe ‘Sean the QR code below = can the el Bey for another method of deriving formula for divisor of line segment ‘on @ Cartesian plane. Eee bitly/asmi4as Thus, the coordinates of point P(x,y) which divides the line segment joining points A(x,,.y,) and B(x,,,) in the ratio me: n is: ‘What will happen when m =n? When m =n, P will become the midpoint of line segment AB and is represented by M. = (EMS +O) mam mem = (HD mo. #99) Nom = (825243) he 2 471q Find the ratio AP : PB such that point P(-I, 2) divides the line segment joining point A(-2. 1) and point B(2, 5). Selon Let P(-1, 2) divides AB in the ratio m : n and the x-coordinate of P is—1. (2) + m(2) _ m+n 1, Point P divides the line segment joining points A and B below in the given ratios. Find the coordinates of point P. (a) AG, 7), BC7, 2) in the ratio 3 : 2. (b) AC-4,—1), BQ, 5) in the ratio 2AP : PB. (©) A(7,-3), B(-3, 2) in the ratio 34P : 2PB. 2, Point R(p, f) divides the line segment joining points A(2h, h) and B(2p, 31) in the ratio 2: 3. Express p in terms of ft. 3. Astraight line passes through points A(~2, ~5) and B(6, 7). Point C divides the line segment AB in the ratio 3 : 1 while D divides AB in the ratio 1 : 1. Find (a) the coordinates of C, (b) the coordinates of D. 4, Point P divides the line segment joining the points A and B in the ratio AP : PB. Find the ratio AP : PB and the value of k for each of the following. (a) AC), BCS, 10) and P-1,2) (b) AC, 2), Bik, 6) and P(3, 4) (©) Atk, 3), BQ, 8) and P(, 4) (@) AC3,-2), B, 8) and PHI, 4) g Solving problems involving divisor of line segment Examp| A spider is at position £(-7, 5) on a graph paper and moves towards point G(13, 5) along a straight line with uniform velocity. The spider is at point P after moving for 18 seconds and arrives at point G in 1 minute. Determine (a) the coordinates of point P, (b) the ratio EO: OG when the spider is at point O(11, 4) on the straight line, Oa