Name: Michael Josh M.

Ramos Course Code: CHEM 20015

Program: BSCHEM 1-2 Date NOVEMBER 4, 2022

LABORATORY SAFETY

It is a set of safety precautions that includes suitable clothing, the use of facilities and
equipment, knowledge of chemical and substance handling, signs, waste processing and
disposal, and good laboratory procedures to operate safely in the lab.

PROPER DRESS AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

The lab environment is inherently dangerous. The real danger is mostly defined by you
and others with whom you collaborate. It is your job to understand and obey the regulations, as
well as to identify any safety dangers.

Proper Dress

1. Wear clothing that covers your entire body to protect your skin from hazardous
substances.
2. Closed-toed shoes and long trousers are required.
3. Take off your jewelry and any accessories.
4. Tie your hair back.
5. To avoid contamination, leave personal things outside the laboratory.

Personal Protective Equipment

1. Gloves – used to protect the hands from harmful substances.

2. Lab Coat/Gown – serve as a shield of the user from splashes of harmful chemicals.
3. Safety glasses/Goggles – used to protect you eyes from flying debris.
4. Chemical Apron – used to protect the user from flying debris due to chemical reactions
and explosion.
5. Respirator – used to prevent the user from inhaling dangerous gases

LAB SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT

Lab Safety

1. Understand where the safety equipment is located.

2. If the harm is serious, proceed to the nearest hospital.
3. If your skin or body has been exposed to a chemical, go to the safety shower, and
thoroughly cleanse your entire body.
4. If you have been exposed to a chemical, keep your eyes open and thoroughly rinse for
at least 10 minutes.
5. If a fire breaks out, utilize fire extinguishers, but if they don't work, evacuate the workers,
and call the emergency hotline. Also, if you haven't been taught, don't use a fire
extinguisher.
6. Evacuation routes should be provided near exits. It is vital to be familiar with various
escape routes in case one is blocked.

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 7. Always keep the chemical fume hood clean.

Lab Equipment

1. A safety shower and eyewash station are required in every lab.

2. A fire extinguisher is used to extinguish a fire.
3. There are four categories of fire; Class A flames are made up of typical combustibles
including wood, fabric, and paper. Organic solvents and flammable liquids are examples
of Class B fires. Electrical fires are classified as Class C fires. Finally, flammable metals
are involved in class D fires.
- A Class A fire can be put out using water or general-purpose extinguishers.
- Chemical foam extinguishers must be used to put out Class B and C flames.
- Dry chemical extinguishers are efficient against fires of classes A, B, and C.A fire
blanket is used to take out small fires on floors, benches and even clothes.
4. Chemical Fume hood is a ventilated enclosed work area that protects you from toxic gas
and vapors.

LABORATORY BEHAVIOR AND PRACTICES

1. 1. Read the normal operating procedure and follow it.

2. To avoid contamination and food poisoning, never eat, drink, or apply make-up in the
lab.
3. After handling chemicals, always wash your hands.
4. Collaborate with your coworkers.
5. Always keep the laboratory clean and orderly.
6. Removed any debris from the floor.
7. Make sure Chemicals were appropriately disposed of.
8. Never leave chemical bottles lying around on the floor.
9. If a spill occurs, follow the required spill cleanup procedure.
10. Install a wet floor sign.
11. Remove unnecessary objects from the workspace.
12. Keep chemicals and equipment away from the edge.
13. To avoid chemical contact, avoid dealing with exposed wounds and cuts.
14. Return all chemicals and equipment to their designated storage location.
15. Always clean the workbench.
16. Report any safety violation seen in the lab.

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Two Tools used to identify chemical hazard

Safety Data Sheet give information about chemical items to assist users in making risk
assessments

i. Chemical properties, hazard, and safety precautions is written in this sheet

ii. Always revie the safety data sheet before working with chemical for the first time.
iii. G-H-S is an acronym for the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labeling of Chemicals.

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Sections of Safety Data Sheet

Section 1. Identification

Section 2. Hazard Identification

Section 3. Composition

Section 4. First aid Measure

Section 5. Fire Fighting measure

Section 6. Accidental release

Section 7. Handling and storage

Section 8. Exposure controls and personal protection

Section 9. Physical and chemical properties

Section 10. Stability and reactivity

Section 11. Toxicological

Section 12. Ecological

Section 13. Disposal

Section 14. Transport

Section 15. Regulatory

Section 16. Other info

Chemical labels carry the name of the chemical as well as potential risks and correct
management instructions. It also includes a signal word such as danger or caution, physical,
health, and environmental hazard statements, precautionary statements, pictograms, first aid
techniques, and contact information for the maker. The backdrop must be white, and the
pictograms, which illustrate a specific hazard, must be red.
Compressed
Health flammability Toxicity Gasses

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Skin and eye Unstable Oxidizers
protection explosives
CHEMICAL SAFETY HANDLING

1. Always add the acid or base to the solvent, such as water, rather than the other way
around when diluting acids or bases.
2. Never remove chemicals from the lab without first transporting them between lab
areas in a break-resistant secondary container.
3. Handle the chemicals with care to avoid eye and skin contact as well as breathing
exposure.
4. Wear a lab coat to shield yourself from potentially dangerous splashes.
5. Gloves will keep your hands safe. When dealing with explosive reactions, use full-
arm-length rubber gloves rather than standard nitrile gloves.
6. Never smell anything chemical.
7. Work in the fume hood always.
8. Keep containers securely closed.
9. If there is a big chemical leak, evacuate the lab and close it up.
10. Enter a polluted laboratory at your own risk.
11. Keep flammables away from any sources of fire, such as Bunsen burners and hot
plates.
12. Keep combustible chemicals in a secure cabinet.
13. For garbage disposal, use chemical-resistant plastics or metal containers.
14. A fume hood should never be used to evaporate a solvent.
15. Consult with your supervisor on how to properly dispose of solvents.
16. Everything used to clean is polluted and must be properly disposed of.

OTHER GENERAL LAB HAZARD

1. Electrical Shock
i. Water should be kept away from electrical devices and equipment.
ii. Never attempt to repair or open any cover while an instrument is plugged in.
iii. Always check the equipment before using
iv. Check for frayed electrical cords
v. Made use of authorized extension cables and power switches
2. Burns
i. Use heat resistant gloves
ii. If you're using the GC-MS, lower the temperature set points before opening the
cover.
iii. Extremely low temperatures can also damage unprotected skin so Wear insulated
gloves when handling dry ice or items stored in the minus-80-degree freezer.
3. Slips, trips, and falls
i. Clean up floor spills and other debris in the floor.
ii. Always make sure floors and routes are clear of any obstruction
iii. Never place any equipment or chemical on the floor
iv. Put sign to indicate that the floor is wet
v. Be aware of your surroundings
4. Other hazards

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i. Compressed gas cylinders are very pressurized. If they are damaged, the cylinder
may be pushed at dangerously high speeds. Some gas cylinders, like hydrogen, are
also very flammable. Use a heavy-duty clamp and strap to secure gas cylinders.

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 LABORATORY APPARATUS

1. Microscope - used to magnify small objects

2. Test Tube – used to handle chemicals.
3. Thermometer – used to measure temperature.
4. Dropper – a tube use for measuring or administering liquid by drops.
5. Test Tube Brushes – used for cleaning test tubes
6. Thistle tube – used for transferring volatile liquid
7. Mortar and pestle – used for pounding and grinding solid substances into powder form.
8. Stirring rods – used for stirring and as a guide in directing the flow of liquid for pouring.
9. Centrifuge tubes – used as container of the solution to be centrifuged
10. Extraction tube – used to extract a substance from the mixture or solution
11. Test tube rack – a metal or wooden bars used for supporting test tubes.
12. Ignition tubes – small test tubes commonly used for heating substances
13. Columns – an elongated tube used for pouring liquids at controlled amount.
14. Graduated cylinder – used for measuring volume of liquids.
15. Beaker – a deep, wide mouthed, thin-walled, cylindrical vessel with pouring lip used for
measuring large quantity of liquid.
16. Crucible tongs – used in holding hot materials or apparatus.
17. Viscosity pipette – used for measuring liquid flow when subjected to applied force.
18. pH meter – used to determine the acidity or basicity of solutions
19. separation funnel – used for separating mixture
20. Bunsen and burner – source of heat when non-luminous flame is needed for experiment
work.

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