1.Write a R program to take input from the user (name and age) and display the values.

Also print the version of R installation.

PROGRAM:-
name = readline(prompt="Input your name: ")
age = readline(prompt="Input your age: ")
print(paste("My name is",name, "and I am",age ,"years old."))
print(R.version.string)

OUTPUT:-
Input your name:
Input your age:
"My name is and I am years old."
"R version 3.4.4 (2018-03-15)"

2. Write a R program to get the details of the objects in memory.

PROGRAM:-
name = "Python";
n1 = 10;
n2 = 0.5
nums = c(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)
print(ls())
print("Details of the objects in memory:")
print(ls.str())

OUTPUT:-
"n1" "n2" "name" "nums"
"Details of the objects in memory:"
n1 : num 10
n2 : num 0.5

1
name : chr "Python"
nums : num [1:6] 10 20 30 40 50 60

3. Write a R program to create a sequence of numbers from 20 to 50 and find the mean of
numbers from 20 to 60 and sum of numbers from 51 to 91.

PROGRAM:-
print("Sequence of numbers from 20 to 50:")
print(seq(20,50))
print("Mean of numbers from 20 to 60:")
print(mean(20:60))
print("Sum of numbers from 51 to 91:")
print(sum(51:91))

OUTPUT:-
"Sequence of numbers from 20 to 50:"
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
45 46 47 48 49 50
"Mean of numbers from 20 to 60:"
40
"Sum of numbers from 51 to 91:"
2911

4. Write a R program to create a simple bar plot of five subjects marks.

PROGRAM:-
marks = c(70, 95, 80, 74)
barplot(marks,
main = "Comparing marks of 5 subjects",
xlab = "Marks",
ylab = "Subject",

2
names.arg = c("English", "Science", "Math.", "Hist."),
col = "darkred",
horiz = FALSE)

OUTPUT:-

5. Write a R program to get the unique elements of a given string and unique numbers of
vector.

PROGRAM:-
str1 = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
print("Original vector(string)")
print(str1)
print("Unique elements of the said vector:")
print(unique(tolower(str1)))
nums = c(1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6)
print("Original vector(number)")
print(nums)
print("Unique elements of the said vector:")
print(unique(nums))

OUTPUT:-
"Original vector(string)"
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
"Unique elements of the said vector:"

3
"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
"Original vector(number)"
12234456
"Unique elements of the said vector:"
123456

6. Write a R program to create three vectors a,b,c with 3 integers. Combine the three vectors to
become a 3×3 matrix where each column represents a vector. Print the content of the matrix.

PROGRAM:-

a<-c(1,2,3)
b<-c(4,5,6)
c<-c(7,8,9)
m<-cbind(a,b,c)
print("Content of the said matrix:")
print(m)

OUTPUT:-
"Content of the said matrix:"
abc
147
258
369

7) Write a R program to create a 5 x 4 matrix , 3 x 3 matrix with labels and fill the matrix
by rows and 2 × 2 matrix with labels and fill the matrix by columns.

PROGRAM:-

4
m1 = matrix(1:20, nrow=5, ncol=4)
print("5 × 4 matrix:")
print(m1)
cells = c(1,3,5,7,8,9,11,12,14)
rnames = c("Row1", "Row2", "Row3")
cnames = c("Col1", "Col2", "Col3")
m2 = matrix(cells, nrow=3, ncol=3, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(rnames, cnames))
print("3 × 3 matrix with labels, filled by rows: ")
print(m2)
print("3 × 3 matrix with labels, filled by columns: ")
m3 = matrix(cells, nrow=3, ncol=3, byrow=FALSE, dimnames=list(rnames, cnames))
print(m3)

OUTPUT:-
"5 × 4 matrix:"
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 1 6 11 16
[2,] 2 7 12 17
[3,] 3 8 13 18
[4,] 4 9 14 19
[5,] 5 10 15 20
[1] "3 × 3 matrix with labels, filled by rows: "
Col1 Col2 Col3
Row1 1 3 5
Row2 7 8 9
Row3 11 12 14
[1] "3 × 3 matrix with labels, filled by columns: "
Col1 Col2 Col3
Row1 1 7 11
Row2 3 8 12

5
Row3 5 9 14
8) Write a R program to combine three arrays so that the first row of the first array is
Followed by the first row of the second array and then first row of the third array.

PROGRAM:-
num1 = rbind(rep("A",3), rep("B",3), rep("C",3))
print("num1")
print(num1)
num2 = rbind(rep("P",3), rep("Q",3), rep("R",3))
print("num2")
print(num2)
num3 = rbind(rep("X",3), rep("Y",3), rep("Z",3))
print("num3")
print(num3)
a = matrix(t(cbind(num1,num2,num3)),ncol=3, byrow=T)
print("Combine three arrays, taking one row from each one by one:")
print(a)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "num1"
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "A" "A" "A"
[2,] "B" "B" "B"
[3,] "C" "C" "C"
[1] "num2"
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "P" "P" "P"
[2,] "Q" "Q" "Q"
[3,] "R" "R" "R"
[1] "num3"
[,1] [,2] [,3]

6
[1,] "X" "X" "X"
[2,] "Y" "Y" "Y"
[3,] "Z" "Z" "Z"
[1] "Combine three arrays, taking one row from each one by one:"
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "A" "A" "A"
[2,] "P" "P" "P"
[3,] "X" "X" "X"
[4,] "B" "B" "B"
[5,] "Q" "Q" "Q"
[6,] "Y" "Y" "Y"
[7,] "C" "C" "C"
[8,] "R" "R" "R"
[9,] "Z" "Z" "Z"

9. Write a R program to create a two-dimensional 5x3 array of sequence of even integers

Greater than 50.

STEP 1: Assign array elements into the variable Arr

STEP 2: The sequence of elements are created by using seq()

STEP 3:limit the count to 15 as length.out = 15 and the numbers should be even,

difference between the numbers is 2 as by=2

STEP 4: Print the 5x3 array

PROGRAM:-
a <- array(seq(from = 50, length.out = 15, by = 2), c(5, 3))
print("Content of the array:")
print("5×3 array of sequence of even integers greater than 50:")
print(a)

7
OUTPUT:-
[1] "Content of the array:"
[1] "5×3 array of sequence of even integers greater than 50:"
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 50 60 70
[2,] 52 62 72
[3,] 54 64 74
[4,] 56 66 76
[5,] 58 68 78

10. Write a R program to create an array using four given columns, three given rows, and
two given tables and display the content of the array.

PROGRAM:-

array1 = array(1:30, dim=c(3,5,2))

print(array1)

OUTPUT:-
1

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]

[1,] 1 4 7 10 13
[2,] 2 5 8 11 14
[3,] 3 6 9 12 15

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]

[1,] 16 19 22 25 28
[2,] 17 20 23 26 29
[3,] 18 21 24 27 30

8
11. Write a R program to create an empty data frame.

PROGRAM:-
df = data.frame(Ints=integer(),
Doubles=double(),
Characters=character(),
Logicals=logical(),
Factors=factor(),
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
print("Structure of the empty dataframe:")
print(str(df)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "Structure of the empty dataframe:"
'data.frame': 0 obs. of 5 variables:
$ Ints : int
$ Doubles : num
$ Characters: chr
$ Logicals : logi
$ Factors : Factor w/ 0 levels:
NULL

12. Write a R program to create a data frame from four given vectors.

PROGRAM:-
name = c('Anastasia', 'Dima', 'Katherine', 'James', 'Emily', 'Michael', 'Matthew', 'Laura', 'Kevin',
'Jonas')
score = c(12.5, 9, 16.5, 12, 9, 20, 14.5, 13.5, 8, 19)
attempts = c(1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1)
qualify = c('yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes')
print("Original data frame:")

9
print(name)
print(score)
print(attempts)
print(qualify)
df = data.frame(name, score, attempts, qualify)
print(df)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "Original data frame:"
[1] "Anastasia" "Dima" "Katherine" "James" "Emily" "Michael"
[7] "Matthew" "Laura" "Kevin" "Jonas"
[1] 12.5 9.0 16.5 12.0 9.0 20.0 14.5 13.5 8.0 19.0
[1] 1 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 1
[1] "yes" "no" "yes" "no" "no" "yes" "yes" "no" "no" "yes"
name score attempts qualify
1 Anastasia 12.5 1 yes
2 Dima 9.0 3 no
3 Katherine 16.5 2 yes
4 James 12.0 3 no
5 Emily 9.0 2 no
6 Michael 20.0 3 yes
7 Matthew 14.5 1 yes
8 Laura 13.5 1 no
9 Kevin 8.0 2 no
10 Jonas 19.0 1 yes

13. Write a R program to create a data frame using two given vectors and display the
duplicated elements and unique rows of the said data frame.

10
PROGRAM:-
a = c(10,20,10,10,40,50,20,30)
b = c(10,30,10,20,0,50,30,30)
print("Original data frame:")
ab = data.frame(a,b)
print(ab)
print("Duplicate elements of the said data frame:")
print(duplicated(ab))
print("Unique rows of the said data frame:")
print(unique(ab))

OUTPUT:-

[1] "Original data frame:"

a b
1 10 10
2 20 30
3 10 10
4 10 20
5 40 0
6 50 50
7 20 30
8 30 30
[1] "Duplicate elements of the said data frame:"
[1] FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
[1] "Unique rows of the said data frame:"
a b
1 10 10
2 20 30
4 10 20
5 40 0

11
6 50 50
8 30 30

14. Write a R program to save the information of a data frame in a file and display the
Information of the file.

PROGRAM:-
exam_data = data.frame(
name = c('Anastasia', 'Dima', 'Katherine', 'James', 'Emily', 'Michael', 'Matthew', 'Laura', 'Kevin',
'Jonas'),
score = c(12.5, 9, 16.5, 12, 9, 20, 14.5, 13.5, 8, 19),
attempts = c(1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1),
qualify = c('yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes')
)
print("Original dataframe:")
print(exam_data)
save(exam_data,file="data.rda")
load("data.rda")
file.info("data.rda")

OUTPUT:-
[1] "Original dataframe:"
name score attempts qualify
1 Anastasia 12.5 1 yes
2 Dima 9.0 3 no
3 Katherine 16.5 2 yes
4 James 12.0 3 no
5 Emily 9.0 2 no
6 Michael 20.0 3 yes
7 Matthew 14.5 1 yes
8 Laura 13.5 1 no

12
9 Kevin 8.0 2 no
10 Jonas 19.0 1 yes
size isdir mode mtime ctime
data.rda 344 FALSE 644 2018-10-25 12:06:09 2018-10-25 12:06:09
atime uid gid uname grname
data.rda 2018-10-25 12:06:09 1000 1000 trinket trinket

15. Write a R program to create a matrix from a list of given vectors.

PROGRAM:-
l = list()
for (i in 1:5) l[[i]] <- c(i, 1:4)
print("List of vectors:")
print(l)
result = do.call(rbind, l)
print("New Matrix:")
print(result)

OUTPUT:-
"List of vectors:"
11234
21234
31234
41234
51234
"New Matrix:"
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 2 3 4
[2,] 2 1 2 3 4

13
[3,] 3 1 2 3 4
[4,] 4 1 2 3 4
[5,] 5 1 2 3 4
16. Write a R program to concatenate two given matrixes of same column but different
rows.

Program:-

x = matrix(1:12, ncol=3)

y = matrix(13:24, ncol=3)

print("Matrix-1")

print(x)

print("Matrix-2")

print(y)

result = dim(rbind(x,y))

print("After concatenating two given matrices:")

print(result)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "Matrix-1"
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 2 6 10
[3,] 3 7 11
[4,] 4 8 12
[2] "Matrix-2"
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 13 17 21
[2,] 14 18 22
[3,] 15 19 23
[4,] 16 20 24
[1] "After concatenating two given matrices:"
[1] 8 3

17. Write a R program to find row and column index of maximum and minimum value in a
given matrix.

14
PROGRAM:-
m = matrix(c(1:16), nrow = 4, byrow = TRUE)
print("Original Matrix:")
print(m)
result = which(m == max(m), arr.ind=TRUE)
print("Row and column of maximum value of the said matrix:")
print(result)
result = which(m == min(m), arr.ind=TRUE)
print("Row and column of minimum value of the said matrix:")
print(result)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "Original Matrix:"
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 1 2 3 4
[2,] 5 6 7 8
[3,] 9 10 11 12
[4,] 13 14 15 16
[1] "Row and column of maximum value of the said matrix:"
row col
[1,] 4 4
[1] "Row and column of minimum value of the said matrix:"
row col
[1,] 1 1

18. Write a R program to append value to a given empty vector.

PROGRAM:-
vector = c()
values = c(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
for (i in 1:length(values))
vector[i] <- values[i]

15
print(vector)
OUTPUT
0123456789

19. Write a R program to multiply two vectors of integers type and length 3.
PROGRAM:-
x = c(10, 20, 30)
y = c(20, 10, 40)
print("Original Vectors:")
print(x)
print(y)
print("Product of two Vectors:")
z=x*y
print(z)

OUTPUT:-
"Original Vectors:"
10 20 30
20 10 40
Product of two Vectors:"
200 200 1200
20. Write a R program to find Sum, Mean and Product of a Vector, ignore element like NA
or NaN.

PROGRAM:-
x = c(10, NULL, 20, 30, NA)
print("Sum:")
#ignore NA and NaN values
print(sum(x, na.rm=TRUE))
print("Mean:")
print(mean(x, na.rm=TRUE))

16
print("Product:")
print(prod(x, na.rm=TRUE))

OUTPUT:-
"Sum:"
60
"Mean:"
20
"Product:"
6000

21. Write a R program to list containing a vector, a matrix and a list and give names to the
elements in the list.
PROGRAM:-
list_data <- list(c("Red","Green","Black"), matrix(c(1,3,5,7,9,11), nrow = 2),
list("Python", "PHP", "Java"))
print("List:")
print(list_data)
print("Add a new element at the end of the list:")
list_data[4] = "New element"
print("New list:")
print(list_data)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "List:"
[[1]]
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"
[[2]]
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 3 7 11

17
[[3]]
[[3]][[1]]
[1] "Python"

[[3]][[2]]
[1] "PHP"
[[3]][[3]]
[1] "Java"
[1] "Add a new element at the end of the list:"
[1] "New list:"
[[1]]
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"
[[2]]
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 3 7 11
[[3]]
[[3]][[1]]
[1] "Python"
[[3]][[2]]
[1] "PHP"
[[3]][[3]]
[1] "Java"
[[4]]
[1] "New element"

22. Write a R program to create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list and give
names to the elements in the list. Access the first and second element of the list.

PROGRAM:-
list_data <- list(c("Red","Green","Black"), matrix(c(1,3,5,7,9,11), nrow = 2),

18
list("Python", "PHP", "Java"))
print("List:")
print(list_data)
names(list_data) = c("Color", "Odd numbers", "Language(s)")
print("List with column names:")
print(list_data)
print('1st element:')
print(list_data[1])
print('2nd element:')
print(list_data[2])

OUTPUT:-
list_data <- list(c("Red","Green","Black"), matrix(c(1,3,5,7,9,11), nrow = 2),
+ list("Python", "PHP", "Java"))
> print("List:")
[1] "List:"
> print(list_data)
[[1]]
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

[[2]]
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 3 7 11

[[3]]
[[3]][[1]]
[1] "Python"

[[3]][[2]]
[1] "PHP"

19
[[3]][[3]]
[1] "Java"

> names(list_data) = c("Color", "Odd numbers", "Language(s)")

> print("List with column names:")
[1] "List with column names:"
> print(list_data)
$Color
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

$`Odd numbers`
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 3 7 11

$`Language(s)`
$`Language(s)`[[1]]
[1] "Python"

$`Language(s)`[[2]]
[1] "PHP"

$`Language(s)`[[3]]
[1] "Java"

> print('1st element:')

[1] "1st element:"
> print(list_data[1])

20
$Color
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

> print('2nd element:')

[1] "2nd element:"
> print(list_data[2])
$`Odd numbers`
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 3 7 11

23. Write a R program to create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list and remove
the
second element.

PROGRAM:-
list_data <- list(c("Red","Green","Black"), matrix(c(1,3,5,7,9,11), nrow = 2),
list("Python", "PHP", "Java"))
print("List:")
print(list_data)
print("Remove the second element of the list:")
list_data[2] = NULL
print("New list:")
print(list_data)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "List:"
[[1]]
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

[[2]]

21
 [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 3 7 11

[[3]]
[[3]][[1]]
[1] "Python"

[[3]][[2]]
[1] "PHP"

[[3]][[3]]
[1] "Java"

[1] "Remove the second element of the list:"

[1] "New list:"
[[1]]
[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

[[2]]
[[2]][[1]]
[1] "Python"

[[2]][[2]]
[1] "PHP"

[[2]][[3]]
[1] "Java"

24. Write a R program to select second element of a given nested list

22
PROGRAM:-
x = list(list(0,2), list(3,4), list(5,6))
print("Original nested list:")
print(x)
e = lapply(x, '[[', 2)
print("Second element of the nested list:")
print(e)

OUTPUT:-
[1] "Original nested list:"

[[1]]

[[1]][[1]]

[1] 0

[[1]][[2]]

[1] 2

[[2]]

[[2]][[1]]

[1] 3

[[2]][[2]]

[1] 4

[[3]]

[[3]][[1]]

[1] 5

[[3]][[2]]

[1] 6

23
[1] "Second element of the nested list:"

[[1]]

[1] 2

[[2]]

[1] 4

[[3]]

[1] 6

25. Write a R program to merge two given lists into one list.

PROGRAM:-

n1 = list(1,2,3)

c1 = list("Red", "Green", "Black")

print("Original lists:")

print(n1)

print(c1)

print("Merge the said lists:")

mlist = c(n1, c1)

print("New merged list:")

print(mlist)

OUTPUT:-

[1] "Original lists:"

[[1]]

[1] 1

24
[[2]]

[1] 2

[[3]]

[1] 3

[[1]]

[1] "Red"

[[2]]

[1] "Green"

[[3]]

[1] "Black"

[1] "Merge the said lists:"

[1] "New merged list:"

[[1]]

[1] 1

[[2]]

[1] 2

[[3]]

[1] 3

[[4]]

[1] "Red"

[[5]]

[1] "Green"

[[6]]

[1] "Black"

25
26. Write a R program to create a list named s containing sequence of 15 capital letters,
starting from ‘E’.

PROGRAM:-

l = LETTERS[match("E", LETTERS):(match("E", LETTERS)+15)]

print("Content of the list:")

print("Sequence of 15 capital letters, starting from ‘E’-")

print(l)

OUTPUT:-

"Content of the list:"

"Sequence of 15 capital letters, starting from ‘E’-"

"E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S" "T"

27. Write a R program to assign new names "a", "b" and "c" to the elements of a given list

PROGRAM:-

list1 = list(g1 = 1:10, g2 = "R Programming", g3 = "HTML")

print("Original list:")

print(list1)

names(list1) = c("one", "two", "three")

print("Assign new names 'one', 'two' and 'three' to the elements of the said list")

print(list1)

OUTPUT:-

"Original list:"
26
$g1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

$g2

"R Programming"

$g3

"HTML"

"Assign new names 'one', 'two' and 'three' to the elements of the said list"

$one

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

$two

"R Programming"

$three

"HTML"

28.Write a R program to find the levels of factor of a given vector.

PROGRAM:-

v = c(1, 2, 3, 3, 4, NA, 3, 2, 4, 5, NA, 5)

print("Original vector:")

print(v)

print("Levels of factor of the said vector:")

print(levels(factor(v)))

OUTPUT:-

"Original vector:"

27
 1 2 3 3 4 NA 3 2 4 5 NA 5

"Levels of factor of the said vector:"

"1" "2" "3" "4" "5"

29. Write a R program to create an ordered factor from data consisting of the names of
months.

PROGRAM:-

mons_v = c("March","April","January","November","January",

"September","October","September","November","August","February",

"January","November","November","February","May","August","February",

"July","December","August","August","September","November","September",

"February","April")

print("Original vector:")

print(mons_v)

f = factor(mons_v)

print("Ordered factors of the said vector:")

print(f)

print(table(f))

OUTPUT:-

"Original vector:"

"March" "April" "January" "November" "January" "September"

"October" "September" "November" "August" "February" "January"

"November" "November" "February" "May" "August" "February"

"July" "December" "August" "August" "September" "November"

"September" "February" "April"

28
"Ordered factors of the said vector:"

March April January November January September October

September November August February January November November

February May August February July December August

August September November September February April

11 Levels: April August December February January July March May ...September

April August December February January July March May

2 4 1 4 3 1 1 1

November October September

5 1 4

30. Write a R program to concatenate two given factor in a single factor.

PROGRAM:-

fac1 <- as.factor(c(1:5))

print ("Factor1 : ")

print (fac1)

sapply(fac1,class)

fac2 <- as.factor(c(8:10))

print ("Factor2 : ")

print (fac2)

sapply(fac2,class)

29
# combine into one factor

combined <- unlist(list(fac1,fac2))

print ("Combined Factor : ")

print (combined)

sapply(combined,class)

PROGRAM:-

“Factor1 : “
12345
Levels: 1 2 3 4 5
“factor” “factor” “factor” “factor” “factor”
“Factor2 : “
8  9  10
Levels: 8 9 10
“factor” “factor” “factor”
“Combined Factor : “
1  2  3  4  5  8  9  10
Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10
“factor” “factor” “factor” “factor” “factor” “factor” “factor” “factor”

30
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