Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Handout # 1: INTRODUCTION TO LAW

WHAT IS LAW
t A system of rules to maintain order and protect harm to persons and property.
t It must uphold and not contradict with the Constitution
Constitution - document outlining the most basic rules of the country.

PHILIPPINE COURT SYSTEM

❖ Review Courts
▪Supreme Court
▪Court of Appeals
❖ Trial Courts
▪Regional Trial Court
▪Provincial Regional Trial Court
▪Metro Manila Regional Trial Court
▪Metropolitan Trial Court
▪Municipal Trial Court
▪Municipal Circuit Trial Court
❖ Special Courts
▪Court of Tax Appeals
▪Code of Muslim
▪Sandiganbayan
∙Violations of Republic Act No. 3019, otherwise known as the Anti-Graft and
Corrupt Practices Act

Public Law
❖ Governs relationships between individuals and the government
❖ It deals with those areas of law where the interests of the public are the principal factor.

Private law
❖ includes the rights and obligations of individuals, families, businesses and assist citizens in disputes that
involve private matters.

Criminal Law:
❖ the body of law defining crimes and defining the penalties.
❖ law that is concerned with breach of public duty and is punishable by the state on behalf of society. ❖ a set of
rules and regulations that describe behaviors that are prohibited by the government. The behaviors
generally involve things that would affect public safety and the welfare of society as a whole.

*A crime is a violation of the penal code.

❖ penal code is a portion of a state's laws defining crimes and specifying the punishment.

Classification of Crimes
❖ Felony: crime for which the potential penalty is imprisonment for more than one year and
are usually more serious crimes.
❖ Misdemeanor: crime for which the potential penalty is imprisonment for one year or less and
are usually minor crimes

Parties to Crimes
❖ Principal: person who commits a crime
❖ Accomplice: someone who helps another person commit a crime.
o Can be charged with and convicted of the same crime as the principal.
❖ Accessory before the fact: a person who orders the crime or who helps the principal commit the crime
but who is not present for the crime
o Can be charged and have the same punishment as the principal
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 1 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

❖ Accessory after the fact: knowing that the crime was committed, a person helps the principal or
an accomplice to avoid capture or arrest.
o Not charged with the same crime but is charged with another crime (ex. harboring a
fugitive)
*Accessory After the Fact-If a person knows a crime has been committed but helps the person who
committed the crime escape or hide from the police, he or she may be charged as an accessory.

Civil Laws
❖ It seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes between individuals, groups and organizations who seek an
award or remedy of compensation for their troubles.
❖ A civil court is a place where people can solve their problems with others peacefully.

*A tort is a violation of the civil law.

Parties in a Civil Law Case

❖ Claimant (plaintiff)-the person who feels he or she has not been treated fairly by another person. o
This party has the burden of proving that he or she was treated unfairly.
❖ Defendant-the person who the claimant claims has treated him or her unfairly.

❖ civil proceedings: a court action in a civil matter such as contract

❖ to sue: to bring civil proceedings against someone (the defendant)
❖ The claimant sues the defendant to try to get a remedy (such as the payment of money) ❖ If the court
agrees with the claimant’s argument, the claimant will be successful and win his case ❖ If the court thinks
that the defendant has a better argument than the claimant then the defendant will win

*DUE PROCESS OF LAW- The rights of people suspected of or charged with crimes.

Elements of a Criminal & Civil Cases

1. The Parties
2. The Court
3. The Right to a Jury Trial
4. The Right to an Attorney
5. Burden of Proof
6. The Verdict
7. The Right to Appeal
8. The Punishment
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 2 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Handout # 2: CONTRACTS

WHAT IS A CONTRACT?
• A promise, or set of promises in which a breach of it, the law gives a remedy. • A legally
enforceable agreement that generates rights and obligations that may be enforced in courts
• the performance of which the law recognizes as a duty.
• “Article 1305 (Civil Code of the Philippines) . A contract is a meeting of minds between two persons
whereby one binds himself, with respect to the other, to give something or to render some service.
(1254a)”

*A contract is a specific type of agreement that, by its terms and elements, is legally binding and
enforceable in a court of law.

Freedom of contract: “Contract is an instrument of free bargaining between parties on the basis of
equality”.

Object of the Law of Contract

• To avoid litigation
• To establish set of rules for compliance
• To penalize defaulters

Elements of a Contract
• Agreement
• offer, and
• acceptance
• Consideration
• It can take the form of money, goods, or services, but both parties must provide something of
value for a contract to be formed.
*If only one side provides something, it is a gift, not a contract.
• Capacity or Competence
• No party can be a:
• minor,
• under the influence of drugs or alcohol,
• mentally deficient in a way that would prevent them from understanding the terms of
the contract.
• A non-competent party to a contract may disown the contract, which would render it void. •
Legality
• The contract must be for a lawful purpose.

*So long as a contract meets all the elements for a contract, it is enforceable in a court of law.

Structure and Content of a Contract:

• Purpose of the Contract
• Parties to the Contract
• Definition of terms used in the Contract
• Body of the Contract/Terms and Provisions
• Term of the Contract/effectivity dates
• Remedies/Penalties
• Addendums to the Contract
• Signature Page
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 1 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Common examples of contracts:

• non-disclosure agreements
• end-user license agreements
• employment contracts
• accepted purchase orders.

Types of Contracts
• Bilateral: both parties make a promise.
• Unilateral: one party makes a promise that the other party can accept only by
doing something

*Unilateral contract – the performance remains outstanding on 1 party only (i.e. the offeror), while the other
party (i.e. the offeree/acceptor) having already performed what is required of it.

Offer
An offer – a promise or proposal made by the offeror to the offeree (note: not necessarily the performer)
with the intention to be bound by such promise or proposal without further negotiation.

Termination of Offer
• By acceptance
• By rejection
• By revocation
• By lapse of reasonable time
• By death of the offeror or the offeree.

*After termination, the offer is no longer a valid offer and cannot be accepted.

TERMINATION OF CONTRACT

Termination of Contracts or Discharge of a contract means that the parties are released from their
obligations stated in the contract.
• they no longer have to do what they have agreed.

*A contract can be discharged in 4 ways:

I. Discharge by Performance
• Once the parties have done what they promised to do, then the contract is discharged •
The parties no longer have any obligations with each other.

Performance and Breach

• Breach of contract – If a contracting party fails to perform an absolute duty under a contract.

II. Discharge by Agreement

• A contract is an agreement
• Therefore, the parties can make a new agreement to end the contract
• The contract itself may contain a clause which states that the contract will end at a certain
time •
Example: lease
• The contract may allow the parties to end the contract on giving notice to the other party •
 Example :1 months’ notice in contracts of employment

Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 2 | P a g e

Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

III. Discharge by Frustration

• If, from the very beginning, it is impossible to carry out what has been agreed then the contract
is void
• This occurs when neither party has defaulted on the original contract but other circumstances
have intervened to prevent the contract from being performed as originally intended. The result
must be that further performance of the contract is impossible.
• Frustration applies where it becomes impossible to perform the contract after it has been made.

Frustration applies in the following situations:

• Destruction of the subject matter of the contract
• Government interference or illegality
• An event does not take place
• The commercial reason for the contract is defeated
• Death or incapacity of a party in a contract of personal service

IV. Discharge by Breach

• Any deviation from the contractual obligations will amount to a breach of contract. •
When a party breaches a contract, he or she violates some contractual duty.
• The parties are free to negotiate the possible remedies and agree what type of actions will
be considered a breach.
• Breach of contract is the failure to perform what ones duty to perform.
• When this happens, the non-breaching party can choose a remedies base on what was
agreed upon.

Remedies for Breach of Contract

The primary remedy for breach of contract is damages.

Damages Awarded
The purpose of an award of damages is to compensate the injured party (non-breaching
party)

1. Compensatory Damages
• An award of compensatory damages is the most common of the legal remedies for breach
of contract.
• The calculation of compensatory damages is based on the actual losses you have
sustained as a result of the breach of contract. They typically fall into two categories:
Expectation damages and Consequential damages.

Expectation Damages
Expectation damages: Those that directly result from the breach of contract.
For Example:
• A company that provides bus tours enters into a contract to buy a bus for P2M. •
However, the seller backs out of the contract and refuses to sell the bus. • The bus
company finds another seller with a similar bus, but they won’t take less than P2.1M.
• The expectation damages would be P100,000—the difference between the
contract price
 and the amount the company had to pay another seller for the same purchase of bus.

Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 3 | P a g e

Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Consequential Damages
Those that flow as a natural consequence of the breach. Consequential damages often comprise
profits that a company lost as a result of the breach.
• In the case of the bus example, if it took an extra week to secure the new bus. • As a result,
the tour company had to turn away 500 customers that would have each paid P500 for a bus
tour.
• In that case, the company could likely recover consequential damages for the
P250,000 they lost in ticket sales.

Liquidated Damages
• Specific amount the parties agree to in the contract as compensation for a breach. •
Contracts often use liquidated damages provisions where it might be difficult to calculate the
correct amount of compensatory damages.

Note! Terminating A Contract

• When you want to terminate the contract the first step should be to check the contract for
a termination clause.
• In addition to including the potential reasons why either party can terminate their
agreement, it might include instructions for how to notify the other party that you want to
end the contract.
• The contract might outline how and when notice must be given.
• For example, a contract with a termination clause could state that the agreement can be
terminated by either party, in writing, within seven days of signing the contract. • As a
general rule, notice to terminate a contract should always be in writing. • Any
conversation
about terminating the contract in person or over the phone should be followed up in
writing.
• Always check the contract for instructions, including where and to whom to send
the notice.
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 4 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Handout # 3: History of ECE Profession, IECEP and ECE Roadmap

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Formerly Electronics and Communications Engineering, is an engineering discipline which uses the
scientific knowledge of the behavior and effects of electrons to develop components, devices, systems, or
equipment (as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards) that uses
electricity as part of its driving force.

History of Electronic Engineering

❖ Electronic engineering as a profession sprang from technological improvements in the telegraph
industry in the late 1800s and the radio and the telephone industries in the early 1900s. ❖ People
were attracted to radio by the technical fascination it inspired, first in receiving and then in
transmitting.
❖ Many who went into broadcasting in the 1920s were only 'amateurs' in the period before World
War I.
❖ The modern discipline of electronic engineering was to a large extent born out of telephone, radio,
and television equipment development and the large amount of electronic systems development
during World War II of radar, sonar, communication systems, and advanced munitions and weapon
systems.
❖ In the interwar years, the subject was known as radio engineering and it was only in the late 1950s
that the term electronic engineering started to emerge.
❖ The Electronic Laboratories (Bell Labs in the United States for instance) created and subsidized by
large corporations in the industries of radio, television, and telephone equipment began churning
out a series of electronic advances.
❖ In 1948, came the transistor and in 1960, the IC to revolutionize the electronic industry. ❖ In the
UK, the subject of electronic engineering became distinct from electrical engineering as a university
degree subject around 1960.
❖ Before this time, students of electronics and related subjects like radio and telecommunications had
to enroll in the electrical engineering department of the university as no university had
departments of electronics.
❖ Electrical engineering was the nearest subject with which electronic engineering could be aligned,
although the similarities in subjects covered (except mathematics and electromagnetism) lasted only
for the first year of the three-year course.

Subfields
Electronic engineering has many subfields. This section describes some of the most popular subfields in
electronic engineering; although there are engineers who focus exclusively on one subfield, there are also
many who focus on a combination of subfields.

Some of the Major fields of Electronics Engineering practices are:

• Digital Signal Processing
• Telecommunications
• Control and Automation
• Instrumentation
• Power Electronics
• Wireless Communications
• Wire Communications
• Broadcasting
• Acoustics
• Data and Digital Communications
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 1 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

• Information Technology
• Academe
• Semiconductor and Manufacturing Industry
• Radar and Satellite Communications

About IECEP and its HISTORY

❖ IECEP, or the Institute of Electronics Engineers of the Philippines, Inc., (formerly the Institute of
Electronics and Communication Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.) is the Accredited Professional
Organization (APO) for the Electronics Engineering and Electronics Technicians Profession in the
Philippines.
❖ Non-stock, non-profit organization with current membership of more than 50,000 registered
Electronics Engineers and Electronics Technician.
❖ IECEP is recognized by the Professional Regulation Commission as the only Accredited
Professional
Organization (APO) for the electronics engineering profession, with Accreditation No.: 03 ❖ IECEP is
also a founding member of the Philippine Electronics and Telecommunications Federation (PETEF),
and is also affiliated with the Philippine Federation of Professional Association (PFPA), the umbrella
organization of all APO’s in the country, as well as with the Philippine Technological Council (PTC).
❖ It is the designated APO for the assessment and evaluation of applications for admission of
electronics engineers to the ASEAN and APEC Engineer Registers.
❖ To date, there are over 50,000 registered ECE’s in the Philippines, with a big Number gainfully
employed in jobs outside of the country.
❖ Indeed, the ECE profession has been a big part of the overseas labor workforce, starting from the
late 80’s when countries in the Middle East started developing their telecommunications
infrastructure.
❖Up to this time, there remain a substantial number of ECE’s still employed in well-paying jobs
outside of the country, doing their country proud with their skills, industry and competence.

Vision:
"The world-class organization of humane, competent, virtuous and globally-competitive electronics
professionals"

Mission:
"To be the showcase of professional and technical development and a paradigm of excellence in applying
its Vision

IECEP Role:

1. Promote continuing professional development and competence among its members.

2. Institutionalize professionalism and ethical practice among its members.
3. Preserve/enhance the social and moral stature/prestige of the profession.
4. Protect the rights and privileges of members in the practice of the profession.
5. Promote the general well-being of its members.
6. Provide the infrastructure and resources for academic and career development programs. 7.
Maintain unity among Electronics and Communications professionals through one Accredited
Professional Organization.
8. Increase membership and encourage the active participation of members in activities of the
organization.
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 2 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

9. Recognize outstanding academic and professional achievements and contributions to the

profession.
10. Formulate, update and recommend adoption of codes, laws, rules and regulations, programs
and technical standards affecting the ECE profession.
11. Validate complaints and assist affected parties in pursuing corrective measures
against violations of laws, rules and regulations affecting public interest relative to the practice of
the profession.
12. Cooperate/coordinate with and assist government and non-government organizations in all
matters relevant to the practice of the profession.
13. Exercise and safeguard the right to nominate qualified candidates to the Board of Electronics
&
Communications Engineering from among its active members.
14. Initiate and/or participate in meaningful social, cultural and civic activities.
15. Develop and maintain harmonious relationships with international organizations. 16. Enhance
public awareness about IECEP and the ECE profession, and disseminate latest technological and
regulatory information regarding the profession.

History of IECEP

❖ The Institute of Electronics & Communications Engineers of the Philippines was organized in 1950
by a group of pioneers in the electronics and communications fields in the country.

❖ Headed by Dean Jose S. Alfonso, Mamerto Buenafe, Fred Carino, Ciriaco Coronel, Jose Grey, Alfredo
Albino Lara and Venancio Pineda.

❖ Dean Alfonso served as the Founding President of the organization.

❖ It was during the term of Engr. Rosauro Calupitan (1968-1970) when Republic Act. No. 5734 was
enacted into law, by the virtue of which the Electronics & Communication Engineering (ECE)
profession was born and the mechanics for the registration and licensing of ECEs was put into place.

❖ Engr. Calupitan was subsequently appointed the first ever Chairman of the Board of Examiners for
Electronics & Communications Engineering, with Engrs. Felicito Rey Signo and Rigoberto Espinosa
as Members.

The Succession of IECEP Presidents were:

1. Guillermo Canon
2. Felicito Rey Signo
3. Bienvenido Tesoro
4. Gen. Ceferino Carreon
5. Col. Zosimo Carlos
6. Geminiano Mercado
7. Godofredo Ordoñ a
8. Alfredo Libuit
9. Col. Celso Gironella
10. Rogelio Ramos
11. Fortunato Perlas
 12. Dionisio Ababalat Sr.
13. Pedro Ybañ ez
14. Isabelo Ferido Jr.
15. Commodore Rene Leandro Ebro

Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 3 | P a g e

Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

16. Henry Galingan

17. Conrado Hernandez
18. Ernesto Arce
19. Gen. Teodoro Yabes
20. Alex Villamar
21. Romulo Agatep
22. Joel Marciano
23. Herminio Orbe
24. Sylvia Marcelo
25. Fernando Morales
26. Nestor Dacanay
27. Aurora Adecer-Rubio
28. Edgardo B. Cabarios
29. Rosula Reyes
30. Ornan Vicente
31. Teodoro D. Buenavista Jr.
32. Melvin Acosta
33. May Rose C. Imperial
34. Rodrigo V. Carandang
35. Jose Carlos P. Reyes
36. Imelda R. Walcien
37. Christian Lear Miquiabas

IECEP is recognized by the Professional Regulation Commission as the only Accredited Professional
Organization (APO) for the electronics engineering profession.

IECEP is also a Founding Member of the Philippine Electronics and Telecommunications Federation, Inc.
(PETEF), and is also affiliated with the Philippine Federation of Professional Associations (PFPA), the
umbrella organization of all APOs in the country, as well as with the Philippine Technological Council
(PTC).

It is the designated APO for the assessment and evaluation of applications for admission of electronics
engineers to the ASEAN and APEC Engineer Registers.

To date, there are over 50,000 registered ECEs in the Philippines, with a big number gainfully employed in
jobs outside of the country.

Indeed, the ECE profession has been a big part of the overseas labor workforce, starting from the late 80’s
when countries in the Middle East started developing their telecommunications infrastructure.

Up to this time, there remain a substantial number of ECEs still employed in well-paying jobs outside of
the country, making their country proud with their skills, industry and competence.
A good number of ECEs are holding responsible positions as service providers in the Philippines offering
fixed, cellular and other telecommunications services. ECEs are also gainfully employed in the government
and the academe, as well as in the other sectors of the emerging electronics and telecommunications
industry in the country, broadcasting, cable TV, semiconductor manufacturing instrumentation and
control, information technology and computer hardware manufacturing, software development, avionics,
medical electronics, etc.

Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 4 | P a g e

Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

With the advent of modern technologies and new developments in both the technological and regulatory
environment, a new law was enacted in 2004 that re-defined the scope of practice of the ECE and renamed
the profession to simply “Electronics Engineering”, taking into account the ever-expanding fields generically
covered by the electronics industry.

The new law (Republic Act No. 9292) took effect on May 27,2004 and now governs the licensure procedures,
practice, rights and entitlements of three different categories in the profession, namely; the Professional
Electronics Engineers (PECEs), the Electronics Engineers (ECEs) and the Electronics Technicians (ECTs).
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 5 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Handout # 4: RA 9292

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9292: “THE ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAW OF 2004”.

“An act providing for a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the registration, licensing and
practice of professional electronics engineers, electronics engineers and electronics technicians, repealing
republic act no. 5734, otherwise known as ‘the electronics and communications engineering act of the
Philippines’, and for other purposes”. SIGNED INTO LAW BY PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
LAST APRIL 17, 2004.

THE RATIONALE FOR THE AMENDMENT

R. A. 5734 therefore has to be amended and/or superseded, so that the practice of electronics (and
communications) engineering can be attuned to modern times and technologies.
✔ The change in the title of the profession and the re-definition of the scope of practice is also
necessary in line with ongoing efforts to define and standardize professional qualifications and
criteria among electronics professionals around the world
✔ To be consistent with globalization of trade in services, the ASEAN and APEC Engineer Register
programs and other international agreements to which the Philippines is a signatory.

APEC Engineer Register Programs

❖ A program recognizing “substantial equivalence” of professional competence in engineering
profession.
❖ A program that will ensures that professional engineers have the opportunity to have their
professional standing recognized within the APEC region thereby contributing to the globalization
of professional engineering services.

Note: The profession of “Electronics & Communications Engineering” as previously defined in R. A. 5734, is
re-named to “Electronics Engineering” to reflect the correct generic terminology used internationally
covering all areas of practice/discipline/science that has to do with electronics.
The scope and nature of practice of Electronics Engineering covers ANY work or activity relating to the
application of engineering sciences and/or principles to the investigation, analysis, planning, design,
research and development, provision, procurement, marketing and sales, manufacture and production,
construction/installation, tests/ measurements, control, operation, repair, servicing, technical support and
maintenance of: electronics components, devices, products, apparatus, instruments, equipment, systems,
networks, operations and processes in the field of electronics, including:
• communications/telecommunications
• information and communications technology
•computers and their networking and hardware/software development and
applications
• broadcast/broadcasting
• cable and wireless television
• consumer and industrial electronics

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NEW LAW

SECTION 1. Short Title
This Act shall be known as the "Electronics Engineering Law of 2004".

SECTION 4. Categories of Practice - The Act defines the three electronics engineering and technician
categories and their abbreviations as follows:
(a) Professional Electronics Engineer, (PECE) (c) Electronics Technician, (ECT) (b)
Electronics Engineer, (ECE)
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 1 | P a g e
Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

Professional Electronics Engineer - a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself out as a duly
registered/licensed Professional Electronics Engineer under this Act and to affix to his/her name the letters
"PECE".

Electronics Engineer - a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself out as a duly registered/licensed
Electronics Engineer under this Act and to affix to his/her name the letters "ECE".

Electronics Technician - a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself out as a duly registered/licensed
Electronics Technician under this Act and to affix to his/her name the letters "ECT".

SEC. 7. Powers and Functions of the Board:

The Board is vested with powers and authorities to:

(a)Administer/implement the provisions of R.A. No. 9292;
(b)Administer oaths in connection with the administration of R.A. No. 9292;
(c)Adopt the official seal of the Board
(d)Issue Certificates of Registration and the Professional Identification Cards of PECEs, ECEs or ECTs in
accordance with Section 19, Article III of R.A. No. 9292, suspend or revoke the same, or otherwise
suspend the holder thereof from the practice of his/her profession for any justifiable cause in
accordance with Section 23 of R.A. NO. 9292, after due process;
(e)Maintain rosters of PECEs, ECEs, and ECTs as defined in Section 25, Article III of R.A. No. 9292;
(f)Issue, suspend and/or cancel special permits to foreign PECEs, ECEs and ECTs and/ or its
equivalent in accordance with Sections 23 and 26, Article III of R.A. No. 9292;
(g)Prescribe, amend or revise the requirements for licensing of PECEs, ECEs and ECTs, and prepare
the questions thereof, in strict conformance with the scope of the syllabi.
(h) Adopt a program for the full computerization of the licensure examination;
(i) Grant registration to ECTs without examination, subject to review and approval by the Commission;
(j)Study, examine and recommend, requirements as to curricula and facilities to those seeking
permission to open courses/programs or already offering courses or programs in electronics
and related courses and to see to it that these requirements, including employment of qualified
faculty members, are properly complied;
(k)Inspect educational institutions and recommend to CHED/TESDA the granting of permit or closure
of colleges or schools and universities offering electronics engineering and electronics technician
program.
(l)Adopt and administer a Code of Ethics and a Code of Technical Standards of Practice for PECEs,
ECEs and ECTs, which shall be promulgated by the APO.
(m)In coordination with the APO and industry, academe, shall issue Resolutions to further define and
clarify the practice for PECEs, ECEs and ECTs;
(n)Promulgate and ensure strict compliance for Continuing Professional Education (CPE) and
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of PECEs, ECEs and ECT;
 (o)Prescribe the minimum manning and manpower requirements for PECEs, ECEs and ECTs in
industrial plants and commercial establishments.

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Handout in ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARDS & SAFETY College of Engineering, LSPU SPCC

(p)Adopt rules and regulations for electronics installations in industrial plants, commercial
establishments and other buildings or structures covered by the National Building Code of the
Philippines;
(q)For the maintenance of high professional, ethical and technical standards, conduct ocular inspection
or visit industrial plants and commercial establishments where PECEs, ECEs and ECTs are employed for
the purpose of determining compliance with the provisions of law;
(r)Hear and decide violations of the Act, the Code of Ethics and the Code of Technical Standards of
Practice for the profession, and for this purpose, issue subpoena to secure attendance of witnesses and
the production of documents in connection with the charges presented to any investigation pending
before the Board;

SEC. 13. Licensure Examination.

Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Act, all applicants seeking to be registered and licensed as
Electronics Engineers and Electronics Technicians, shall undergo the required examinations to be given by
the Board in such places and dates as the Commission may designate in accordance with the provisions of
Republic Act No. 8981.

SEC. 14. Qualifications for Examinations. - In order to be allowed to take the examination for Electronics
Engineer or Electronics Technician, an applicant must, at the time of the filing of his/her application,
establish to the satisfaction of the Board that:
(s)He/She is a citizen of the Philippines or of a foreign country qualified to take the examination as
provided for in Section 33 of this Act;
(t)He/She is of good moral character and had not been convicted by a court of law of a criminal offense
involving moral turpitude;
(u)For the Electronics Engineering examinations, he/she is a holder of a degree of Bachelor of Science in
Electronics and Communications Engineering or Electronics Engineering, or subject to compliance with
minimum requirements to be prescribed by the Board, such equivalent and/or related engineering course
or program from any school, institute, college, or university recognized by the Government or the State
where it is established, after completing a resident collegiate course equivalent to that of a full
baccalaureate degree;

SCOPE OF EXAMINATION FOR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS

1. Mathematics – 20%
2. General Engineering and Applied Sciences – 20%
3. Electronics Engineering – 30%
4. Electronics Systems and Technologies – 30%

RA 9292: Article III Section 14

Qualification for ECT Board Examination

(1) a graduate of an Associate Technician, Trade or Vocational courses in Electronics or, subject to the
evaluation of the Board, such equivalent and/or related formal or non-formal course or program from any
school, college, university or training institution recognized by the Government or the State where it is
established, after completing a resident course or program of not less than two (2) years.
a) In lieu of the resident course or program of not less than two (2) years, a certificate from TESDA of
at least NCII category maybe accepted, or

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b) A certificate from PECE attesting his/her proficiency in Electronics Technician practice in the field
for at least two (2) years in;
1) Consumer Electronics
2) Mechatronics, Robotics and Industrial Automation
3) Instrumentation and Control
4) Computer
5) Broadcast
6) Cable Television System
7) Telecom System
8) Business Machines
9) Bio-Medical/Medical Test Instrument, machines
10) Radio Navigation System
11) Military Electronic System
12) Semiconductor and Electronics Manufacturing
13) Special Electronics System

(2) has completed at least the minimum third-year equivalent of a Bachelor of Science program in
Electronics Engineering (ECE) program according to CHED guidelines, or, subject to the evaluation of the
Board such equivalent and/or related engineering course or program from any school, institute, college
or university recognized by the Government or State where it is established

SCOPE OF EXAMINATION FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN

1. Mathematics
2. Simple calculation and application of Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry
3. Ohm’s Law
4.Calculations for Resistance, Current, Voltage and Power for AC and DC Circuits 5.
Electronic/Electrical Machine or Equipment
6. Description and operating principles for Motors, Generators, transformers,
consumer Electronics
appliances, Electronics and Communications Equipment, etc.
7. Test Equipment
8. Types and Uses of measuring instruments such as Voltmeter, Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Multimeter,
Oscilloscopes, Frequency counters, Clamp meter, Capacitance Meter, LCR Meter, EMF meter,
Electrometer, Cable tester, Transistor tester, Continuity tester, etc.
9. Electronic/Electrical Component
10. Identification, Uses, functions of resistors, trimmer, rheostat, heater, thermistor, varistor, capacitors,
varicap, transistors, inductor, Integrated Circuits, Sensors, diodes, fuses, relays, switches, reed switch,
thermostat, circuit breaker, limit switch, etc.
11. Maintenance and Repair
12. Description of the procedures in the Maintenance of Electrical/Electronic Machinery or equipment.
13. Laws:
14. Philippine Electronics Code
15. Philippine Electrical Code
16. Republic Act No. 9292 - Electronics Engineering Law of 2004
SEC. 18. Qualifications and Schedule of Registration for Professional Electronics Engineer.

For application for registration as a PECE, the following shall be required:

(a) Valid Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card as Electronics Engineer;

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(b) Valid/current membership identification card from the Accredited Professional Organization;
(c)Certified experience record of active self-practice and/or employment in the format to be prescribed by
the Board, indicating the inclusive dates, companies worked for, description of specific responsibilities,
relevant accomplishments and name, position of immediate supervisors for a period of at least seven (7)
years (inclusive and/or aggregate), at least two (2) years of which are in responsible charge of significant
engineering work, from the date applicant took his/her oath as an ECE.
(d)Three (3) certifications signed by three (3) Professional Electronics Engineers attesting the experience
record submitted.
SECTION 23.
Revocation and Suspension of Certificate of Registration, Professional Identification Card and Cancellation
of Special Permits

The Board shall revoke or suspend the validity of a Certificate of Registration and Professional
Identification Card, or cancel a Special Permit.
❖ for unprofessional or unethical conduct, malpractice, incompetence or any violation of the Act, the
Code of Ethics and the Code of Technical Standards of Practice
❖ where fraud, deceit, or false statement was found to have been employed in obtaining Certificate of
Registration, Professional Identification Card or Special Permit.

Section 35 – Penal Provision

The following shall be punished by a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) nor
more than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00), or by imprisonment of not less than six (6) months nor
more than six (6) years, or both, in the discretion of the court:
(e)Any person who shall give any false statement to the Board to obtain a Certificate of Registration
and/or Professional Identification Card;
(f)Any person who shall present or use as his/her own a Certificate of Registration, Professional
Identification Card, membership ID with APO and/or seal issued to another and any person who allows
the use of his/her Certificate of Registration, Professional ID Card, membership ID and/or seal;
(g)Any person who shall present or use a revoked or suspended Certificate of Registration as PECE, ECE or
ECT;
(h)Any person who shall assume, use, advertise or otherwise practice as PECE, ECE or ECT, or append to
his/her name, any letter/s or words tending to convey the impression that he/she is a registered PECE, ECE
or ECT, when in fact he/she is not duly registered with the Board;
(i)Any PECE, who shall stamp or seal any document with his/her seal after his/her Certificate of
Registration, Professional ID Card and membership ID with APO has been revoked or suspended or after
he/she has been suspended from practice or removed from the roster of Professional;
(j) Any PECE who shall sign his/her name, affix his/her seal, or use any other method of signature on plans
and other technical documents prepared by or under the supervision of another PECE;
(g)Any person, except the PECE or ECE in-charge, who shall sign for any electronics engineering work, or
any function of electronics engineering practice, not actually performed by him/her.
(h)Any person holding a Certificate of Registration and Professional ID Card as PECE, ECE or ECT who shall be
involved in illegal wire-tapping, cloning, hacking, cracking, piracy and/or other forms of unauthorized and
malicious electronic eavesdropping and/or the use of any electronic devices in violation of the privacy

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of another or in disregard of the privilege of private communications and/or safety to life, physical and/or
intellectual property of others, or who shall maintain an unlicensed and/or unregistered communications
system or device.
(i)Any person who shall violate any provision of this Act or any rules, regulations, the Code of Ethics and
the Code of Technical Standards of Practice promulgated under this Act.

SEC. 38. Vested Rights: Electronics and Communications Engineers when this Law is Passed

Electronics and Communications Engineers holding a valid Certificate of Registration and Professional
ID Card at the time of effectivity of this Act shall be automatically registered and recognized as Electronics
Engineers and shall be issued a new Certificate of Registration and Professional ID Card as Electronics
Engineers with the same license number as their original Electronics and Communications Engineer
Certificate of Registration, subject to the payment of prescribed fees and other requirements of the
Board and/or Commission.

SEC. 42. Repealing Clause

Republic Act No. 5734 is hereby repealed. All other laws, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts
thereof in conflict with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or amended accordingly.

SEC. 43. Effectivity

This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days following its full publication in the Official Gazette or any
newspaper of general circulation.
Engr. Maureen R. Moral, PECE 6 | P a g e