𝒎 𝒂 𝑽= 𝒌

𝑭 =
𝒑
VARIATION
The idea that two variables may be
related to each other in such a way
that if one of the quantities increases
or decreases, the other quantity also
increases or decreases in a definite
way.
Types of
Variation

1. Direct Variation

2. Inverse Variation

3. Joint Variation

4. Combined Variation
Direct Variation

If the ratio of two quantities is constant, it

means that one quantity varies directly as
the other quantity, or the two quantities are
in direct variation.

2 2 2 2 2
Direct Variation
varies directly as
is directly proportional to
is proportional to
If increases,
In symbols, or where is the then increases;
constant of variation. or if decreases,
then decreases.
Direct Variation
𝑦 ∎

𝑦 =𝑘𝑥 𝑦 =2 𝑥 ∎
The graph of a direct variation is
∎
a straight line that passes
through the origin. ∎
𝑥
Direct Variation
Examples . Write an equation for each statement or
table of values.
1. The amount that a family spends on car expenses
varies directly as its income . 𝑪=𝒌𝑰
2.
𝑦
varies directly as
𝑘=
𝑥
3
12 3
15 3
18 3
21
𝑦 =𝑘𝑥
𝟑
16 20 24 28
𝒚= 𝒙
4 4 4 4 𝟒
Direct Variation

3. 𝑦 5 10 15
5 5 5
∎
∎ 𝑘=5
∎ 𝒚 =𝟓 𝒙
𝑥
Inverse Variation

If the product of two quantities is constant, it

means that one quantity varies inversely as
the other quantity, or the two quantities are
in inverse variation.

12 12 12 12
Inverse Variation
varies inversely as
is inversely proportional to

If increases,
In symbols, or where is the then decreases;
constant of variation. or if decreases,
then increases.
Inverse Variation
𝑦∎

∎
∎
∎
The graph of an inverse variation
is half of a two-part curve known 𝑥
as the hyperbola.
Inverse Variation
Examples . Write an equation for each statement or
table of values. 𝒌
𝑽=
1. The volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure 𝑷
on it.
2. varies inversely as
𝑘
𝑘= 𝑦𝑥 𝑦 =
𝑥

2 2 2 2 𝟐
𝒚=
𝒙
Inverse Variation

3. ∎ 4 2 1
𝑦
4 4 4
∎ 𝑘= 4
𝟒
∎ 𝒚=
𝒙
𝑥
Joint Variation

If varies directly as the product of and , that is, if

there is a constant such that or , then varies
jointly as and .
Joint Variation

Examples
1. varies jointly as and 𝒎=𝒌𝒑𝒒
2. The heat produced by an electrical lamp varies
jointly as the resistance and the square of the
current

𝑯 =𝒌𝑹𝑪 𝟐
3. Translate this into a variation statement
a)
varies jointly as and
b)
varies jointly as and
Combined Variation
Variation that involves both the direct and inverse
variations.

𝑦=𝑘𝑥 𝒚 =
𝒚=
𝒌𝒙
𝒌𝒙
𝒛
𝒛
𝑦=
𝑘
𝑧
varies directly as and inversely as can be
𝒚𝒛
translated as or 𝒌= 𝒙 ,
where is the constant of variation.
Combined Variation

Examples
1. The time required to travel is directly proportional
to the distance and inversely proportional to the
speed .
𝒌𝒅
𝒕=¿𝒗
Combined Variation

Examples
2. varies directly as and inversely as the square of

𝒌𝒎
𝒕=¿ 𝟐
𝒏
Identify each of the following statements if it is a
joint variation or combined variation or neither.

1. The weight of a cylindrical metal varies as its length

and the square of the diameter of its base.
2. The electrical resistance of a wire varies directly as
its length and inversely as the square of its
diameter.
3. The number of slices of cake varies with the number
of person.
4. The area of a triangle varies as its base and height.
5. The electrical voltage varies jointly as the current
and the resistance.
Complete the table.
Statement Type of Equation
Variation
The amount
1.

C that Pedro
spends
during recess
varies
directly as its
allowance A.
Complete the table.
Statement Type of Equation
Variation
2. The time t
required to
travel is directly
proportional to
the
temperature T
and inversely
proportional to
the pressure P.
Complete the table.
Statement Type of Equation
Variation
3.The volume V
of a gas varies
inversely as the
pressure P on
it.
Complete the table.
Statement Type of Equation
Variation
4. The volume
V of a prism on
a square base
varies jointly as
the height h
and the square
of a side s of
the base of the
prism.
1. If varies inversely as , and when , find when
2. If varies inversely as , and when , find when
3. If varies inversely as , and when , find when
4. If varies inversely as , and when , find when
5. If varies inversely as , and when , find when