Selenium WebDriver - Handling Links

Quiz

Selenium Webdriver can be used to handle links on a web page. In HTML terminology, every link (referred to as hyperlinks) are identified by the tagname called anchor. Also, each link on a webpage has an attribute called href.

Identify of Links in HTML

Let us now discuss the identification of anchor tags for hyperlink - Created on a webpage shown in the below image. Right click on the webpage, and then click on the Inspect button in the Chrome browser. After that, the corresponding HTML code for the whole page would be visible. For investigating the Created link on a page, click on the left upward arrow as highlighted below.

Once, we had clicked and pointed the arrow to the Created hyperlink, its HTML code was visible.

A link can be identified using the link text locator in Selenium. The first element with the matching value of the link text is identified.

Syntax

Webdriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("value of link text"));

Handle Links with Link Text Locator

Let us take an example of the above page, where on clicking the Created link, the text Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created would be visible on the page.

Example

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class HandLinks {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
      
      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get
      ("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/links.php");

      // identify link with link text locator then click
      WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Created"));
      l.click();
      
      // identify text locator
      WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/div[1]"));
      System.out.println("Text appeared is: " + t.getText());
      
      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Text appeared is: Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created

Process finished with exit code 0

In the above example, the text obtained after performing the click on the link Created with a message was Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created.

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Handle Links with Partial Link Text Locator

A link can be identified using the partial link text locator in Selenium. The first element with the matching value of the partial link text is identified.

Syntax

Webdriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("value of partial link text"));

Example

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class HandPartialLinks {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
      
      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      
      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/links.php");
      
      // identify link with partial link text locator then click
      WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Creat"));
      l.click();
      // identify text locator
      WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/div[1]"));
      System.out.println("Text appeared is: " + t.getText());

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Text appeared is: Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created

In the above example, the text obtained after performing the click on the link Created(with the help of partial link text) with a message was Link Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created.

Handle Links with Tagname Locator

A link can be identified using the tagname locator in Selenium. The first element with the matching value of the tagname is identified.

In the example, discussed above once, we had clicked and pointed the arrow to the Created hyperlink, its HTML code was visible, reflecting the anchor tagname (referred to as 'a' and enclosed in <>).

<a href="javascript:void(0);" id="created" onclick="shide('create')">Created</a>

Syntax

Webdriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.findElement(By.tagName("a));

Let us take an example of the same page, where we would first count the total number of links, then we would click on a specific link, say the No Content. After clicking on that link, we would get the text as Link has responded with status 204 and status text on the page.

Example

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.List;

public class TotalLinks {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/links.php");

      // identify link with link text locator then click
      WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.linkText("No Content"));
      l.click();
      
      // Retrieve all links using locator By.tagName and storing in List
      List<WebElement> totalLnks = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a") );
      System.out.println( "Total number of links: " + totalLnks.size() ) ;

      // Running loop through list of web elements
      for( int j = 0; j < totalLnks.size(); j ++){
         if( totalLnks.get(j).getText().equalsIgnoreCase("No Content") ) {
            totalLnks.get(j).click();
            WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/div[2]"));
            
            // get the browser title to confirm navigation after click
            System.out.println( "Get text after click: " + t.getText());
            break ;
         }
      }

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Total number of links: 42
Get text after click: Link has responded with status 204 and status text No Content

In the above example, we had counted the total number of links on a web page, and received the messages in the console - Total number of links: 42 and the text obtained after performing the the click with the message Get text after click: Link has responded with status 204 and status text No Content.

Conclusion

This concludes our comprehensive take on the tutorial on Selenium Webdriver Handling Links. Weve started with describing how to identify links in HTML, and examples to illustrate how to handle links using the link text, partial link text, and tagname locators in Selenium Webdriver. This equips you with in-depth knowledge of the Selenium Webdriver - Handling Links. It is wise to keep practicing what youve learned and exploring others relevant to Selenium to deepen your understanding and expand your horizons.

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