Ministry of Higher Education

Sulaimani Polytechnic University (SPU)

Technical College of Informatics

Lecturer Form Database Management

System
This report is submitted to the department of Database Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic
University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BSc. of science in
Database Technology.

Prepared By:

Muhammad Salam Muhammad

Muhammad Zaher Abulrazaq
Muhammad Alaadin Baqr

Supervised by:

Asst.prof Rebwar Ibrahim

Feb, 2022
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬الَّذِي َعلَّ َم ِبا ْل َقلَ ِم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ا ْق َرْأ َو َر ُّب َك اَأْل ْك َر ُم‪ ‬‬ ‫سانَ مِنْ َعلَ ٍق‪ ‬‬
‫‪َ  ‬خلَ َق اِإْل ْن َ‬ ‫‪   ‬ا ْق َرْأ ِب ْ‬
‫اس ِم َر ِّب َك الَّذِي َخلَ َق‪ ‬‬

‫‪َ ‬أ َرَأ ْي َت‬ ‫‪ِ ‬إنَّ ِإلَى َر ِّب َك ُّ‬

‫الر ْج َعى‪ ‬‬ ‫‪َ ‬أنْ َرَآهُ ْ‬
‫اس َت ْغ َنى‪ ‬‬ ‫سانَ لَ َي ْط َغى‪ ‬‬
‫‪َ  ‬كاَّل ِإنَّ اِإْل ْن َ‬ ‫سانَ َما لَ ْم َي ْعلَ ْم‪ ‬‬
‫َعلَّ َم اِإْل ْن َ‬

‫‪َ ‬أ َرَأ ْي َت ِإنْ َك َّذ َب‬ ‫‪َ ‬أ ْو َأ َم َر ِبال َّت ْق َوى‪ ‬‬ ‫‪َ  ‬أ َرَأ ْي َت ِإنْ َكانَ َعلَى ا ْل ُهدَى‪ ‬‬ ‫‪َ  ‬ع ْبدًا ِإ َذا َ‬
‫صلَّى‪ ‬‬ ‫الَّذِي َي ْن َهى‪ ‬‬

‫‪َ  ‬ف ْل َيدْ ُع‬ ‫‪َ  ‬ناصِ َي ٍة َكا ِذ َب ٍة َخاطِ َئ ٍة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪َ  ‬كاَّل لَِئنْ لَ ْم َي ْن َت ِه لَ َن ْس َف َعنْ بِال َّناصِ َي ِة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪َ ‬ألَ ْم َي ْعلَ ْم ِبَأنَّ هَّللا َ َي َرى‪ ‬‬ ‫َو َت َولَّى‪ ‬‬

‫اس ُجدْ َوا ْق َت ِر ْب ‪ ‬‬

‫‪َ  ‬كاَّل اَل ُتطِ ْع ُه َو ْ‬ ‫الز َبانِ َي َة‪ ‬‬
‫س َندْ ُع َّ‬
‫‪َ  ‬‬ ‫َنا ِد َي ُه‪ ‬‬

‫‪Dedication‬‬

‫‪Our project (Lecturer Form Database Management System) is dedicated to our‬‬

‫‪beloved family who supported us continuously during our study in Technical College of‬‬
Informatics (TCI). We would like to dedicate our project to Technical College of Informatics”
all teachers, students and all staffs. We also dedicate it to our supervisor Rebwar Ibrahim.

Acknowledgment

We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who provided us the
possibility to complete this report.  A special gratitude we give to our final year
project supervisor Mr Rebwar Ibrahim, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and
encouragement, helped us to coordinate our project especially in writing this report.

Assessment Page (Examiner's Comment)

This is to certify that the undersigned report have assessed and evaluated the project work
titled “Lecturer Form Database Management System” … Submitted by the following
students:
1. Muhammad Salam Muhammad
2. Muhammad Zaher Abulrazaq
3. Muhammad Alaadin Baqr
The project report has been (accepted / rejected) for the partial fulfilment of BSc. in
Database Technology".

Examiner Name: Asst.prof Rebwar Ibrahim

iii
Abstract

Nowadays, with the benefit of existing technologies such as information technology,

networking and database technology, it is crucial for an educational institution to make use
of these technologies to ease the process of managing student’s data as well as lecturer’s
information. Hence, this project is designed to store and maintain the entire lecturer’s data
in a computerized system or convert the present flat files to a web-based database. The
main aim of developing this system is to manage lecturer forms, subject time tables and
deliver full functional reports with the required information of the instructors. The system
can be used in college departments in order to provide an easy and rapid way in preparing
monthly lecture forms for the instructors with all detailed reports. In this project ‘Lecturer
Forms Management System’, MySQL is used for the backend to store all the data in the form
of tables and PHP is used for the frontend to design the user interface forms.

1
Table of content
Lecturer Form Database Management System....................................................................................1
Dedication............................................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgment.................................................................................................................................iii
Assessment Page (Examiner's Comment)............................................................................................iii
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Chapter One..........................................................................................................................................5
Overview...........................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................6
1.2 background..............................................................................................................................7
1.3 Motivation...............................................................................................................................7
1.4 Objective..................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Aim of the project....................................................................................................................7
1.6 Scope.......................................................................................................................................8
1.7 importance..............................................................................................................................8
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH.................................................................................................8
Chapter Two........................................................................................................................................10
Introduction.................................................................................................................................11
2.1 Background............................................................................................................................11
2.1.1 Database Applications and the Web...................................................................................11
2.1.2 The Web.............................................................................................................................12
2.1.3 Three-Tier Architectures.....................................................................................................13
2.1.4 Web servers........................................................................................................................14
2.1.5 Web Scripting with PHP......................................................................................................15
2.1.6 Why use a database server?...............................................................................................16
2.1.7 Examples of when to use a database server [4]..................................................................18
2.2 Related works........................................................................................................................19
2.2.1 A New Android Application (Breeze) for College Management System..............................19
2.2.2 A Research Paper on College Management System............................................................19
2.2.3 Web Based Student Web-Based Management System......................................................20
2.2.4 Cloud-Based College Management Information System for Universities...........................20
2.2.5 Web-Based Based College Admission System.....................................................................21
2.3 Summery................................................................................................................................22
Chapter Three......................................................................................................................................23

2
 3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................24
3.2 Proposed Methodology.........................................................................................................24
3.2.1 The Waterfall Mode............................................................................................................25
3.2.2 The Prototype Model..........................................................................................................25
3.2.3 The Spiral Model.................................................................................................................25
3.3 Approach to Chosen Methodology........................................................................................26
3.3.1 Requirements.....................................................................................................................26
3.3.2 Design and analysis.............................................................................................................26
3.3.3 Implementation..................................................................................................................26
3.3.4 Testing................................................................................................................................26
3.3.5 Evaluation...........................................................................................................................27
Flowchart of the Project:.............................................................................................................28
Gantt chart...................................................................................................................................34
References...................................................................................................................................35

Table of Figure
Figure 2.1 A two-tier architecture.............................................................................................11
Figure 2,2 A three-tier architecture..........................................................................................12
Figure 2.3 The three-tier architecture model of a web database application.........................14
Figure 3.1 Iterative Development Model.................................................................................15
Figure 3.2 illustrates the design of the project.........................................................................17
Figure 3.3 workflow of the project...........................................................................................18

3
List of Abbreviations

Abbreviations Acronyms

LF-DBMS LECTURER FROM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SQL Structure Query Language

HTTP Hyper-Text Mark-up Language

ID Identification

DBMS Database Management System

php Hypertext Pre-processor

PC Personal Computer

WWW World Wide Web

OS Operating System

SIMS Student Information Management

CMS College Management System

CCIS College of Computers and Information Science

IT Information Technology

JSP Java Server Page

HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language

CSS Cascade Style Sheet

JS Java Script

PEAR powerful extensions provided by a repository

UID User ID

SDLC System Development Life Cycle

4
Chapter One

5
 Overview
1.1 Overview

The Web-based database management system is one of the essential parts of DBMS and is
used to store web application data. A web-based Database management system is used to
handle those databases that are having data regarding E-commerce, E-business, blogs, e-
mail, and other online applications. Before acquiring knowledge about the web-based
database management system, you need to know some basic terminology about the web
[1].

The web is a hypermedia-based structure that provides a source of browsing information

over the internet in a non-sequential format by the use of hyperlinks which redirects users
to more resources and information. The World Wide Web abbreviated as WWW supplies a
simple 'point and click' means of exploring and viewing and also storing a large volume of
pages of information that are residing on the Internet. Much of the Web's success is
because of the simplicity and ease with which it permits users to provide, use and pass on to
information distributed geographically to the entire world via servers. Moreover, it gives
users the ability and simplicity to browse multimedia documents independently of the
computer hardware being used. All these data and or information need to reside
somewhere. So, for that a Database structure is essential. The web follows the Client-server
model and much of the data and information are kept on the Web is stored in documents
format using a language called HTML (Hyper-Text mark-up Language) that when requested
by the client send from the server, and browsers understand and interpret HTML to visualize
these documents. Furthermore, the protocol which governs the exchange of information
between the Web server and the browser to its respective users is the HTTP (Hyper-Text
Transfer Protocol) [2] [3].

Education is an important and traditional part of the ety. As time has progressed, education
has also progressed into modern times. So by the progress of education, changing the way
of maintaining college information is required. Most of the college work is done manually.
These processes take time. If all the work is included on an online system, then it can reduce

6
time and work. The Lecturer Form Management system (LFMS) is a Web-based database
that can be accessed throughout the institution or a specified college. The system is helpful
for lecturers and college authorities. The main principle behind the need for a Lecturer Form
Management System reduces the load caused by paperwork and convert it to an advanced
Web-based database.

1.2 background

In any organization, there is existence of a system that manages its staff information
effectively. This brings the need to develop a database that stores and retrieve relevant
information of a staff. In the development of the management system, the storing of data of
the organizational staffs is prioritized. The database management which controls the
creation and maintenance of records Together with the leave and attendance management
provides efficient and flexible way to manage the organization’s personnel information. The
combination of these modules into one application assures the perfect platform for aligning
Human resources processes in the organization.

1.3 Motivation

It has been a motivator for the emergence of the idea of electronics and systematizing this
type of work by creating a database on the Web. Which will lead to work (creating teacher
forms, establishing and visiting, preparing lesson schedules, preparing reports) in a way that
is better in time, efficiency and accuracy.

1.4 Objective

I. To design and implement a web-based database that use to change the

paperwork in preparing teachers’ forms and Table lessons and edit reports
manually to a responsive, dynamic, and efficient website based on the
database.
II. To improve the process of monthly/semester reports and scheduling.

1.5 Aim of the project

In the past years with the significant development of technology and the development of
the Internet and websites but despite that, applying and preparing the forms of lessons and

7
table of lessons and preparing reports on teachers' salaries and lessons in a way Hand and
routine have been done and this causes problems such as not registering a name, number,
or repetition that in all its forms weakens the rights of employees or teachers who need to
be repaired and reorganized to avoid any mistakes.

1.6 Scope

I. Location: the project is specified to sulaimani polytechnic university /

technical college informatics/databases department,
II. Environment: preparing their routine works with an improved, integrated
web-based database.
III. Tools: Using tools like web technologies and php & MySQL.

1.7 importance

His importance in a lot of facilities for college employees in terms of seeing information
about college teachers and their nights and their lesson schedules and preparing reports
and paying for each teacher in the college and even for employees financial department
officials who have received a report that relies on a united database to prepare this will be
the management of financial work in a detailed manner without any mistakes that may have
occurred before.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH

This research work is organized into five chapters.

Chapter one is concerned with the introduction of the research (general introduction &
specific introduction), the aim of the project, motivation, objective, scope, importance,
organization of the research, and definition of terms.

Chapter two focuses on the literature review, the contributions of other scholars on the
subject matter are discussed.

8
Chapter three is concerned with the system analysis and design. It presents the research
methodology used in the development of the system analyses the present system to
identify the problems and provides information on the advantages and disadvantages of the
proposed system. The system design is also presented in this chapter.

Chapter four presents the system implementation and documentation, the choice of
programming language, analysis of modules, choice of programming language and system
requirements for implementation.

Chapter five focuses on the summary, constraints of the study, conclusion, and
recommendations are provided in this chapter based on the study carried out.

9
Chapter Two

10
Introduction

First of all, this project is only designed to facilitate employees in preparing daily and
monthly work for college teachers, which is different from many other projects designed to
facilitate the work of colleges and students. This chapter represents full coverage of
database application, database management system (DBMS), web-based database, PHP,
MySQL, and frameworks that related to this project we created.

2.1 Background

2.1.1 Database Applications and the Web

Most of the services we enjoy on the Web are provided by web database
applications. Web-based email, online shopping, forums and bulletin boards,
corporate websites, and sports and news portals are all database-driven. To build a

modern website, you need to develop a database application. The most popular
database management system used in these solutions is MySQL, a very fast and
easy-to-use system distributed under an Open Source license by its manufacturer.

With a web server such as Apache and MySQL, you have most of what you need to
develop a web database application. The key glue you need is a way for the
webserver to talk to the database; in other words, a way to incorporate database
operations into web pages. The most popular glue that accomplishes this task is PHP.

PHP is an open-source project of the Apache Software Foundation and it’s the most
popular Apache web server add-on module, with around 53% of the Apache HTTP
servers having PHP capabilities. PHP is particularly suited to web database
applications because of its integration tools for the Web and database
environments. In particular, the flexibility of embedding scripts in HTML pages
permits easy integration of HTML presentation and code. The database tier
integration support is also excellent, with more than 15 libraries available to interact
with almost all popular database servers. In this book, we present a comprehensive
view of PHP along with several powerful extensions provided by a repository known
as PEAR. Apache, MySQL, and PHP can run on a wide variety of operating systems
[4].

11
2.1.2 The Web

When you browse the Web, you use your web browser to request resources from a
web server and the webserver responds with the resources. You make these
requests by filling in and submitting forms, clicking on links, or typing URLs into your
browser. Often, resources are static HTML pages that are displayed in the browser.
Figure 2-1 shows how a web browser communicates with a web server to retrieve
this book’s home page. This is the classic two-tier or client-server architecture used
on the Web.

Figure 2.1. A two-tier architecture where a web browser makes a

request and the webserver response

A web server is not sophisticated storage software. Complicated operations on data,

done by commercial sites and anyone else presenting lots of dynamic data, should
be handled by a separate database. This leads to a more complex architecture with
three tiers: the browser is still the client tier, the web server becomes the middle
tier, and the database is the third or database tier. Figure 2.2 shows how a web
browser requests a resource that’s generated from a database, and how the
database and web server responds to the request [4].

12
Figure 2.2. A three-tier architecture where a web browser requests a resource and a response
is generated from a database.

2.1.3 Three-Tier Architectures

This paragraph shows web database applications that are built around the three-tier
architecture model shown in Figure 2-3. At the base of an application is the database
tier, consisting of the database management system that manages the data users
create, delete, modify, and query. Built on top of the database tier is the middle tier,
which contains most of the application logic that you develop. It also communicates
data between the other tiers. On top is the client tier, usually web browser software
that interacts with the application.

Figure 2.3. The three-tier architecture model of a web database application

The three-tier architecture is conceptual. In practice, there are different

implementations of web database applications that fit this architecture. The most
common implementation has the webserver (which includes the scripting engine
that processes the scripts and carries out the actions they specify) and the database
management system installed on one machine: it’s the simplest to manage and
secure. For popular websites, a common implementation is to install the web server
and the database server on different machines so that resources are dedicated to
permitting a more scalable and faster application. For very high-end applications, a
cluster of computers can be used, where the database and web servers are
replicated and the load distributed across many machines.

13
Describing web database applications as three-tier architectures makes them sound
formally structured and organized. However, it hides the reality that the applications
must bring together different protocols and software, and that the software needs to
be installed, configured, and secured. The majority of the material in this book
discusses the middle tier and the application logic that allows web browsers to work
with databases [4].

2.1.4 Web servers

There are essentially two types of requests made to a web server: the first asks for a
file—often a static HTML web page or an image—to be returned, and the second
asks for a program or script to be run and its output to be returned. We’ve shown
you a simple example previously in this chapter,. HTTP requests for PHP scripts
require a server to run PHP’s Send scripting engine, process the instructions in the
script (which may access a database), and return the script output to the browser to
output as plain HTML.

Apache is an open-source, fast, and scalable web server. It can handle simultaneous
requests from browsers and is designed to run under multitasking operating systems
such as Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. It has low resource requirements,
can effectively handle changes in request loads, and can run fast on even modest
hardware. It is widely used and tested. The current release at the time of writing is
2.0.48.

Conceptually, Apache isn’t complicated. On a UNIX platform, the web server is

several running programs, where one coordinates the others and doesn’t serve
requests itself. The other server programs notify their availability to handle requests
to the coordinating server. If too few servers are available to handle incoming
requests, the coordinating server may start new servers; if too many are free, it may
kill spare servers to save resources.

Apache’s configuration file controls how it listens on the network and serves
requests. The server administrator controls the behaviour of Apache through more
than 150 directives that affect resource requirements, response time, and flexibility
in dealing with request load variability, security, how HTTP requests are handled and

14
logged, how scripting engines are used to run scripts, and most other aspects of its
operation [4].

2.1.5 Web Scripting with PHP

PHP is the most widely supported and used web scripting language and an excellent
tool for building web database applications. This isn’t to say that other scripting
languages don’t have excellent features. However, many reasons make PHP a good
choice, including that it’s [4].

I. Open source

Open sources to maintain and improve it are unconstrained by commercial

imperatives [1].

II. Flexible for integration with HTML

One or more PHP scripts can be embedded into static HTML files and this
makes client tier integration easy. On the downside, this can blend the scripts
with the presentation [4].

III. Suited to complex projects

It is a fully featured fully-featured programming language, with more than 110

libraries of programming functions for tasks as diverse as math, sorting, creating
PDF documents, and sending email. There are over 15 libraries for native, fast
access to the database tier [4].

IV. Fast at running scripts

Using its built-in Zend scripting engine, PHP script execution is fast and all
components run within the main memory space of PHP (in contrast to other
scripting frameworks, in which components are in distinct modules). Our
experiments suggest that for tasks of at least moderate complexity, PHP is faster
than other popular scripting tools [4].

V. Platform- and operating-system portable

15
 Apache and PHP run on many different platforms and operating systems. PHP
can also be integrated with other web servers [4].

VI. A community effort

PHP contains PEAR, a repository that is home to over 100 freely available source
code packages for common PHP programming tasks.

At the time of writing, PHP4 (Version 4.3.3) was the current version and PHP5
was available for beta testing (Version 5.0.0b2). The scripts in this book have
been developed and tested using PHP4, and testing on PHP5 has identified a few
limitations.

When a feature is only available in PHP5, we tell you in the text. When a PHP4
script or feature doesn’t work on PHP5, we explain why and predict how it’ll be
fixed in the future; it’s likely that almost all scripts that run under PHP4 will run
under PHP5 in the future.

A technical explanation of the new features of PHP5 is presented in the next

section. If you aren’t familiar with PHP4, skip ahead to the next section [4].

2.1.6 Why use a database server?

Why use a complex database server to manage data? There are several reasons can
contrast a database with a spreadsheet, a simple text file, or a custom-built method
of storing data. A few example situations where a database server should and should
not be used are discussed later in this section.

Take spreadsheets as an example. Spreadsheet worksheets are typically designed for

a specific application. If two users store names and addresses, they are likely to
organize data in a different way and develop custom methods to move around and
summarize the data. The program and the data aren’t independent: moving a
column might mean rewriting a macro or formula while exchanging data between
the two users’ applications might be complex. In contrast, a database server and SQL
provide data-program independence, where the method for storing the data is
independent of the language that accesses it.

16
Managing complex relationships is difficult in a spreadsheet or text file. For example,
consider what happens if we want to store information about customers: we might
allocate a few spreadsheet columns to store each customer’s residential address. If
we were to add business addresses and postal addresses, we’d need more columns
and complex processing to, for example, process a mail-out to customers. If we want
to store information about the purchases by our customers, the spreadsheet
becomes wider still, and problems start to emerge. For example, it is difficult to
determine the maximum number of columns needed to store orders and to design a
method to process these for reporting. In contrast, databases are designed to
manage complex relational data.

A database server usually permits multiple users to access a database at the same
time in a methodical way. In contrast, a spreadsheet should be opened and written
only by one user; if another user opens the spreadsheet, she won’t see any updates
being made at the same time by the first user. At best, a shared spreadsheet or text
file permits very limited concurrent access.

An additional benefit of a database server is its speed and scalability. It isn’t totally
true to say that a database provides faster searching of data than a spreadsheet or a
custom file system. In many cases, searching a spreadsheet or a special-purpose file
might be perfectly acceptable, or even faster if it is designed carefully and the
volume of data is small. However, for managing large amounts of related
information, the underlying search structures allow fast searching, and if information
needs are complex, a database server should optimize the method of retrieving the
data.

There are also other advantages of database servers, including data-oriented and
user-oriented security, administration software, portability, and data recovery
support. A practical benefit of this is reduced application development time: the
system is already built, it needs only data and queries to access the data [4].

17
 2.1.7 Examples of when to use a database server [4]

In any of these situations, a database server should be used to manage data:

 There is more than one user who needs to access the data at the same time.

 There is at least a moderate amount of data. For example, you might need to
maintain information about a few hundred customers.

 There are relationships between the stored data items. For example, customers may
have any number of related invoices.

 There is more than one kind of data object. For example, there might be information
about customers, orders, inventory, and other data in an online store.

 Some constraints must be rigidly enforced on the data, such as field lengths, field
types, uniqueness of customer numbers, and so on.

 There is a large amount of data that must be searched quickly.

 Security is important. There is a need to enforce rules as to who can access the data.

 Adding, deleting, or modifying data is a complex process.

 Adding, deleting, and updating data is a frequent or complex process.

2.1.8 Examples of when not to use a DBMS [4]

There are some situations where a relational DBMS is probably unnecessary or

unsuitable. Here are some examples:

 There is one type of data item, and the data isn’t searched. For example, if a log
entry is written when a user logs in and logs out, appending the entry to the end of a
simple text file may be sufficient.

 The data management task is trivial and accessing a database server adds
unnecessary overhead. In this case, the data might be coded into a web script in the
middle tier.

18
2.2 Related works

2.2.1 A New Android Application (Breeze) for College Management System

Breeze is an Android Application that provides a common, easy-to-use platform for

college students to develop better interaction with fellow students, faculty, and
administration. This work has unique and helpful feature of raising queries, where
students can put up their queries and anyone can answer their queries. For keeping
a check over the inappropriate posts a feature of report is also provided which
informs the admin about inappropriate posts and actions which could be taken over
it accordingly. Furthermore, it provides users a help option that helps them in
discovering any information regarding labs, faculty, and lecture halls. Breeze also
creates a platform where users can view daily updates of /her attendance syllabus,
and timetable. The breeze app works fluently as it is based on an online database
system called firebase. It has secure login features, and also allows login through
Facebook and Google. It also provides basic features like changing passwords, profile
pictures, and retrieving a forgotten password. In all, it is an all-in-one application that
has all the features to solve the basic problems of college students [5] [6].

2.2.2 A Research Paper on College Management System

This paper is aimed at developing an Online Intranet College Management System

(CMS) that is of importance to either an educational institution or a college. The
system (CMS) is an Intranet based application that can be accessed throughout the
institution or a specified department. This system may be used for monitoring
attendance for the college. Students, as well as staff logging in, may also access or
can search any of the college information. Attendance of the staff and students as
well as marks of the students will be updated by staff. This system (C.M.S) is being
developed for an engineering college to maintain and facilitate easy access to
information. For this, the users must be registered with the system after which they
can access as well as modify data as per the permissions given to them. CMS is an
intranet-based application that aims at providing information to all levels of
management within an organization. This system can be used as a
knowledge/information management system for the college. A given student/staff

19
(technical/Non-technical) can access the system to either upload or download some
information from the database [7] [8].

2.2.3 Web Based Student Web-Based Management System

Student Information Management System (SIMS) provides a simple interface for

maintenance of the student information. It can be used by educational institutes or
colleges to maintain the records of students easily. The creation and management of
accurate, up-to-date information regarding a students’ academic career are critically
important in the university as well as colleges. Student information system deals
with all kinds of student details, academic-related reports, college details, course
details, curriculum, batch details, placement details, and other resource-related
details too. It tracks all the details of a student from day one to the end of the course
which can be used for all reporting purposes, tracking of attendance, progress in the
course, completed semesters, years, coming semester year curriculum details, exam
details, project or any other assignment details, final exam result and all these will be
available through a secure, online interface embedded in the college’s website. It
will also have faculty details, batch execution details, students’ details in all aspects,
the various academic notifications to the staff and students updated by the college
administration. It also facilitates us to explore all the activities happening in the
college, Different reports and Queries can be generated based on vast options
related to students, batch, course, faculty, exams, semesters, certification, and even
for the entire college [9].

2.2.4 Cloud-Based College Management Information System for Universities

Because all colleges within universities are being evaluated for funding and program
accreditation primarily in terms of the college’s curriculum, faculty, physical facilities,
research, and extension works, it is therefore important that documents and records
related to these areas be managed efficiently from the creation, storage, update,
communicate, on and dissemination. As individual colleges are managed by their
respective deans and chairpersons, it is also important that relevant and accurate
reports on gathered information be available to them for informed college-wide

20
decisions and plans. This study aimed to design and develop a cloud-based
customizable system that provides detailed and summarized information on these
critical areas to guide college administrators in planning and decision-making. It is
accessible anywhere anytime as data is stored remotely and made available to users
over the internet. The object-oriented method was used in the design and
development of the computerized system following an incremental development
process. In developing and testing the software, an evolutionary or operational
prototype was created. It is tested by the College of Computers and Information
Science (CCIS) of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP). To evaluate the
developed system, the study used questionnaire checklist was accomplished by the
system users and information technology (IT) experts. The system was evaluated in
terms of functionality, user-friendliness, usability, security, performance, and
robustness. Results gathered showed that evaluators rated the software very
satisfactory in terms of functionality, user-friendliness, usability, performance, and
security; and good in terms of robustness. This implies that other colleges may adopt
this system for more efficient information management and more effective
management decisions [10] [11].

2.2.5 Web-Based Based College Admission System

College Management Software is web-enabled software designed to manage the

entire Operations of an institution. College Management Software is a simple yet
powerful one joint integrated platform that connects all the various departments of
an institution like Administration, Account, Student section, Student and many more
specialized modules. We have seen over the years that the process of notice boards,
important notification about academics has been carried out manually almost across
all educational institutions. The process is not only time-consuming but also
inefficient. Today, we need not maintain paper-based Notice boards. Also in this
system, we are going to add web-based technology using which we can get the
notifications given by the institutes. Following this thought, we have developed a
system based on the concept of web services which is implemented on Android
mobile applications as well as on PC that communicates with the database residing
on a remote server. The Unique ID system provides unique identification numbers to

21
 the persons who use this system. UID Number would not just help the admin to track
down individuals but would make life far easier for users as they would not have to
submit multiple documents each time because those will be available and to be used
[12].

2.3 Summery

At the end of his chapter cover all the required knowledge that you need to understand our
project (lecturer form database management system), a brief discussion about database
application and web-based databases, SQL, PHP, server. Representation of some relative
papers that affect (LF-DBMS) partially.

22
Chapter Three

23
3.1 Introduction

This chapter talks about methodologies that suit our project and the methodology that we
have chosen for our project with specific detail, the design and implementation of a
comprehensive Lecturer database management system, and the user interface is to replace
the current paper records. College staff can directly access all aspects of a form, report
progress through a secure interface website. The system utilizes user authentication,
displaying only information necessary for an individual’s duties. Additionally, each sub-
system has authentication allowing authorized users to create or update information in that
subsystem. All data is thoroughly reviewed and validated on the server before actual record
alteration occurs. All data is stored securely on SQL servers managed by the college
administrator and ensures the highest possible level of security. And is expected to increase
the college’s record management efficiency, thereby decreasing the work hours needed to
prepare reports, scheduling, and Monthly salary.

3.2 Proposed Methodology

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) refers to a methodology with clearly defined
processes for creating high-quality software. In detail, the SDLC methodology focuses on the
following phases of software development (Requirement analysis, Planning, design,
development, testing, deployment) [13]. In this project the SDLC chosen is the Iterative
development method because the processes are repeated, Developers create a version very
quickly and for relatively little cost, then test and improve it through rapid and successive
versions. Several types of SDLC choose to take up several factors based on the project e.g.
Requirement analysis during the development, the complexity of the system, the agile
process between the customers and developers, time management. Below are a few
selected models discussed which are suitable for this project.

24
 Figure 3.1 Iterative Development Model

3.2.1 The Waterfall Mode

The waterfall model is a sequential design model process, often used in dividing software
development processes. It divides them into phases (requirements specification, software
design, implementation, testing, etc.) of which each phase must be complete before starting
a new phase with each phase performing a specific role [14].

3.2.2 The Prototype Model

The prototype model is defined as a software development process in which a prototype is

designed and built several times until an acceptable prototype is achieved and approved. It
also creates a base to produce the final system [14].

3.2.3 The Spiral Model

The spiral model consists of the waterfall and iterative models. Each phase of the spiral
model starts with a design goal and ends with the customer reviewing the progress of the
software development process [14].

25
3.3 Approach to Chosen Methodology

An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with a full specification of
requirements. Instead, development begins by specifying and implementing just part of the
software, which can then be reviewed to identify further requirements. This process is then
repeated, producing a new version of the software for each cycle of the model. No one gets
the right results the first time so do some analysis, then some design, then some
implementation, do some further analysis, etc. until you get it right.

Advantages:

 It's easy to measure progress.

 Spend less time analysing and more time designing.
 Potential issues and flaws are identified early on.
 Changes to the project are easier to implement and less costly.

Disadvantages:

 Costly Late-Stage Issues

 Increased Pressure on User Engagement
 Feature Creep

3.3.1 Requirements

Requirements and specifications were obtained from the Technical College of Informatics for this
project.

3.3.2 Design and analysis

In this step, after collecting the requirements of the system we analyse the requirements
and information we gathered before to establish the architecture of the system.

3.3.3 Implementation

This step starts writing the code to build the first version of the software.

3.3.4 Testing

In the testing stage, the code is tested for potential bugs. During unit testing, individual units
of codes are tested. Integration testing verifies that the units of code function are

26
improperly when integrated and a user acceptance test is done to determine if the system
satisfies the user requirements for that iteration.

3.3.5 Evaluation

After completion of all the previous steps, we evaluate the whole project which will then be
handed over to the client for review.

27
 Flowchart of the Project:

START

LOGINFAIL

Home Page

LOGIN

USER
ADMIN

MAIN-PAGE
MAIN-PAGE

LECTURES_ LECTURES_ YADASH TEACHER- TEACHER- TEACHER-

SARWAN
SARWANA LECTURES_LECTURES_ YADASH TEACHER- TEACHER- TEACHER-
2468 1357
T WANABEZH SARDAN MILAK
2468 A
1357 WANABEZH SARDAN MILAK
T

28
 Figure 3.2 illustrates the design of the project

Admin

VIEW TEACHERS

TEACHER-MILAK VIEW DETAILS

UPDATE DETAILS

VIEW TEACHERS

VIEW DETAILS
TEACHER-SARDAN

UPDATE DETAILS

VIEW TEACHERS

TEACHER-WANABEZH VIEW DETAILS

UPDATE DETAILS

29
 VIEW YADASHT

UPDATE
YADASHT

PRINT YADASHT

VIEW LECTURES

VIEW DETAILS
LECTURES_1357

UPDATE DETAILS

VIEW LECTURES

LECTURES_2468 VIEW DETAILS

UPDATE DETAILS

VIEW SARWANA

30
 SARWANA VIEW DETAILS

UPDATE DETAILS

USER

VIEW TEACHERS

VIEW DETAILS
TEACHER-MILAK

VIEW TEACHERS

TEACHER-SARDAN VIEW DETAILS

VIEW TEACHERS

TEACHER-WANABEZH
VIEW DETAILS
31
 VIEW YADASHT

YADASHT

PRINT YADASHT

VIEW LECTURES

VIEW DETAILS
LECTURES_1357

VIEW LECTURES

LECTURES_2468 VIEW DETAILS

32
 VIEW SARWANA

SARWANA
VIEW DETAILS

Figure3.3 workflow of the project

Gantt chart

33
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[7]/https://www.projecttopics.org/web-based-college-management-
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[11]Magno-Tan, M.J., Crisostomo, A.V., Villaflor, B. and Faller, J.C., 2014.
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