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Language Part 2

language used in formal writing part 2

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monginyali
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22 views

Language Part 2

language used in formal writing part 2

Uploaded by

monginyali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTS OF SPEECH

• Verbs
• Nouns
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Pronouns
VERBS
• Show action.
• They change according to:
▪Number: singular or plural subject
▪Tense (present, past or future)
▪Voice (active or passive)
▪Form (simple or continuous)
SINGULAR/PLURAL
The subject of the sentence determines the verb.
If the subject is single, the verb must also be
single.
Tricky singular subjects:
▪A class of students
▪Pair of shoes
▪Everyone &No-one
SELECT THE CORRECT FORM OF THE
SUBJECT OR VERB:
1. Everyone (has/have) problems.
2. The class (are/is) very noisy today.
3. Neither of the computers (is/are) working.
4. (We/I) are at university.
5. (The pair of gloves/The gloves) isn't mine.
TENSES
Irregular verbs: the verbs change completely in
different tenses.
E.G. wear – wore – worn
speak- spoke – spoken
Auxiliary verbs: appear before a verb and helps to tell
the tense.
E.G. We are learning. We were learning.
* In these cases, there are 2 verbs. (Both the auxiliary
& maid verb.)
FILL IN THE CORRECT IRREGULAR VERB:

1. They ____ their time walking to class.


2. Sipho ____ the bus occasionally.
3. The sun will _______ tomorrow.
4. Sindiwe Magona and Zakes Mda ____ a number
of plays.
5. The professor ____ so softly that it was hard to
hear him.
ADD AUXILIARY VERBS TO MAKE THESE
SENTENCES PRESENT TENSE
1. I ___ excited for this day.
2. The boys ___ at soccer practice.
3. We ___ eaten already.
4. He ___ upset because they ___ not on holiday.
NOUNS
• Nouns can be singular & plural.
• Follow these rules:

Words that end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ = add ‘ves’


Half halves
Knife knives
Words that end in a consonant & ‘y’ = add ‘ies’
Party parties
Words that end in a vowel & ‘y’ = add ‘s’
Birthday birthdays
Words that end in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘ss’ = add ‘es’
Glass glasses
Words that end in ‘o’ = add ‘es’
Potato potatoes
CHANGE THESE SINGULAR NOUNS TO
PLURALS
1. Lily 6. Tomato
2. Leaf 7. Dress
3. Woman
4. Glove
5. Dish
PREPOSITIONS
• Small connecting words that introduce a noun.
• Tell us its position or relation to something else.
• Each has a specific purpose.
• Identify time: at, by, in, on.
• Identify location: at, by, into, on.
• A preposition is usually followed by a noun OR
pronoun (called the object).
• Preposition + the Object = Prepositional Phrase.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES = PREPOSITION + OBJECT

Preposition Object
After The movie
At The university
Between You and me
In The coffee shop
IDENTIFY THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

1. He ate his lunch at home.


2. Tina watched the movie while lying under a
warm blanket.
3. The sweet potatoes in the vegetable rack are
getting old.
4. They drove very fast along the N2.
CONJUNCTIONS
• Join ideas or parts of a sentence.
• Two types:
1. Co-ordinating: FANBOYS
2. Subordinating: Used to join ideas that are not
of equal value.
E.G. because, although, after, when…
USE CONJUNCTIONS TO JOIN THESE
SENTENCES: (PG 80)
The alarm rang early that morning. ___ she was still tired,
the young athlete got out of bed. ___ sun rose she was
already running on the road. She knew that ___ she
trained diligently, she would not do well in the marathon.
___ she reached her goal, she ran 25 km’s every day. She
knew that ___ she continued training she would be ready
for the big race. ___ she thought of giving up, she
remembered the exhilarating feeling of crossing the
finishing line. ___ it was gruelling to run every day, it was
worth the effort ___ she was willing to do it ___ she won
the prize.
PRONOUNS
• Are used to replace nouns in a sentence.
• Make sure the pronoun you choose represents the
gender and number (singular or plural) of the noun.
• E.G. Tanya, Sivu and Sam completed their assignment.
They
TYPES OF PRONOUNS:
Personal: most commonly recognised.
- (me, you, him, her…)
Possessive: to show possession.
- (mine, yours, theirs…)
Reflexive: end in ‘self’ or ‘selves’
- (themselves, myself…)
Relative: connects a previous part of the sentence to the next part.
- (who, whom, that, which)
Demonstrative: naming a specific item or person.
- (this, that, these, those)
Interrogative: the words used to ask questions.
- (who, what, which…)
Indefinite: when referring to many.
- (anyone, someone…)
FILL IN THE CORRECT PRONOUN
1. Sheila likes ____ long hair.
2. The woman ____ makes the best curry is my
mother.
3. The women to ____ the prize was given for the best
curry, is my mother.
4. There is ____ I want you to meet.
5. I want to do it _____.
6. Despite what the map says, ____ is the best way to
the museum.

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