GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING

THE PROJET REPORT

DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

FEROZE GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

RAEBARELI
(Affiliated to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)

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Inside this Manual…….
1. General 2

2. Arrangement of the Contents of Report 2

3. Manuscript Preparation
3.1 Page Dimensions, Margins and Quality 2
3.2 Cover Page Title Page 3
3.3 Certificate 4
3.4 Declaration 5
3.5 Acknowledgement 6
3.6 Abstract 7
3.7 Table of Contents 5
3.8 List of Tables 5
3.9 List of Figures 5
3.10 Chapters 5
3.11 Tables and Figures 6
3.12 Citation of References in the Report 6
3.13 References 7

4. Typing Instructions
4.1 General 8
4.2 Chapters, Sections, Sub-sections, and Paragraphs 8

5. Numbering Instructions
5.1 Page Numbering 9
5.2 Numbering of Chapters, Sections, Sub-sections 9
5.3 Numbering of Tables and Figures 9
5.4 Numbering of Equations 10

6. Report Submission and Binding Specifications 10

6.1 Final Submission 11

Annexures - Specimens

Annexure – I Title Page/Cover Page 13

Annexure – II Certificate 14
Annexure - III Declaration 15
Annexure – IV Acknowledgement 16
Annexure – V Table of Content 17
Annexure –VI Specimen of Final Binding -B.Tech.

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 GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING THE REPORT

1. GENERAL
The purpose of this manual is to provide broad guidelines to the B.Tech students for the
preparation of the project report. It lists the general and specific requirements governing the
report preparation including guidelines for structuring the contents.

2. ARRANGEMENT OF THE CONTENTS OF REPORT

The sequence in which the report contents should be arranged and bound should be as
follows:
1. Cover Page and Title Page
2. Certificate
3. Declaration
4. Acknowledgements
5. Abstract
6. Table of Contents
7. List of Tables
8. List of Figures
9. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
10. Chapters 1, 2 , ……..
11. References
12. Appendices

The tables and figures shall be introduced at the appropriate places.

3. MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
3.1 Page Dimensions, Margins and Quality
 The page dimensions of the final copies of the Report should be 290mm x 205mm.
Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies. It
should have the following page margins:
Top edge : 30 to 35 mm
Bottom edge : 25 to 30mm
Left side : 35 to 40mm
Right side : 20 to 25 mm
 The report should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not lower than
80 gsm.
 Tables and figures should be prepared on good quality paper preferably not lower
than 80 gsm. Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large
size figures should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size
before insertion.

3.2 Cover Page/ Title Page

A specimen of the cover/title page is given in the Annexure I. It carries
(a) the TITLE of the report (Times New Roman, font size 20, bold, single line spacing, all
characters uppercase except the symbols and numerals if used in the title of the report;
centered within the specified margin of the page).

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 TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT
(b) the phrase (Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, each line in the Title/Sentence mode,
single line spacing, centered within the specified margin of the page).

A Project Report Submitted

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
(c) The name of the degree (Times New Roman, font size 20, bold, the whole line in
uppercase, centered within the specified margin of the page).
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in
Field of Specialization
where
In (Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, both the characters lower case , centered
within the specified margin of the page).
Field of Specialization (Times New Roman, font size 16, bold, in Title
Mode, centered within the specified margin of the page).
(d) by (Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, both the characters lower case , centered
within the specified margin of the page).
by
(e) NAME OF STUDENT (Times New Roman, font size 16, bold, full name as enrolled, all
characters in Title mode case , centered within the specified margin of the page).
Name of Student
(f) (University Roll Number) (Times New Roman, font size 12, bold, all numerals within a
pair of small parenthesis, underneath the name of candidate and centered within the
specified margin of the page).
(Roll no. xxxxxxxxx)

(g) phrase of supervision (Times New Roman, font size 12, bold, line in the Title mode,
centered within the specified margin of the page).
Under the Supervision of
(h) NAME(S) OF GUIDE (Times New Roman, font size 14, full name in title mode prefixed
by Prof. or Dr. centered within the specified margin of the page, separated symmetrically
in case of two supervisors, use the next line in case of three supervisors; brief one-line
mention of the names of the institution of the supervisors).
Prof. XXXXX XXXX
Dept. of Electronics & communication engg.
(i) Institute logo (size = 25-30 mm dia)
(j) phrase for the name of faculty (Times New Roman, 12/14 pts., bold, full name of the
Department, centered within the specified margin of the page).

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 ** Logo of the Institute

(k) Name of the INSTITUTE (Times New Roman, font size 16/14, bold, full name, all characters upper
case/Title mode, centered within the specified margin of the page).

FEROZE GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

&TECHNOLOGY, RAEBARELI
(Affiliated to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University,Lucknow)
(m) Month, Year ((Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, full name of the month
in title mode, comma, 4-digit year in Arabic, all centered within the specified
margin of the page).
MAY, 2023

3.3 Certificate of Supervision

The Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Times New Roman font size 12, as
per the format shown in Annexure II. The heading CERTIFICATE Times New
Roman font size 14 bold in the center should start about 60mm -70mm from the top of the
page.
The certificate shall carry the Guide’s signature in original and shall be followed by the
Guide’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative
nature), department and full address of the institution.

3.4 Abstract
Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding four pages outlining the
research problem, the methodology used, a summary of the findings, possible applications
of the research, and suggestions/directions for future research. The abstract should not
contain cross citations. It should be typed single line spacing, in Times New Roman with
font size 12 within the specified margin of the page. It should begin with the heading as
the title of the report in title mode centered (bold), the name of candidate (next line)
centered, and then ‘ABSTRACT’ with font size 14, bold and centered. The text of
abstract should begin thereafter.

3.5 Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements shall be brief and should not exceed one page when typed in single
spacing Times New Roman with font size 12 within the specified margin of the page. It
should begin with title ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Times New Roman with font
size 14 bold as heading placed in center The signature of the candidate shall be made at
the bottom right end above his. /her name typed in title case.

3.6 Table of Contents

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 The table of contents should list all the contents following this section. The preceding
section like the Title Page, Certificate and Acknowledgements will not find a place
amongst the items listed in the Table of Contents, but the page numbers in lower case
Roman letters shall be accounted for them. The title TABLE OF CONTENTS in
Times New Roman with size 14 bold as heading be placed in centre. One and a half
spacing should be adopted for typing the contents in a manner shown in specimen copy of
the Table Contents as given in Annexure III.

3.7 List of Tables

This part includes information about total table in the report. The list of tables should use
exactly the same numbers and captions as they appear above the tables in the text. Single
spacing in Time New Roman with size 12 should be used.

3.8 List of Figures

This part includes information about total figure in the report. The list of figures should
use exactly the same numbers and captions as they appear below the figures in the text.
Single spacing in Time New Roman with size 12 should be used.

3.9 Chapters
Chapters of a report may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) introduction, literature survey
and identification of problem (ii) statement, formulation and presentation of the problem,
solution approach (iii) findings, results, discussion, implementation and conclusions, and
directions for future research.
 Each part may be divided into several chapters, and a chapter may be further divided
into several sections and sub-sections, sub-sub-sections.
 Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
 Tables and figures in a chapter should be typed in title mode in single space in Time
New Roman with font size 12. The titles of tables should be placed directly above the
table whereas the titles of figures should be placed directly underneath the figure in
the very same page which refers to the contents they annotate.

3.10 Tables and figures

By the word Table is meant the representation of tabulated numerical as well as non-
numerical data in the body of the report. All other non-verbal material used in the body of
the report such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as
figures. A proper representation of a table or a figure and its placement immensely adds
to the ability to comprehend the work. Here are few suggestive guide lines in this regard
which, of course, in no way substitute the ingenuity and creativity of an author.
 A table or figure including its caption should be accommodated within the prescribed
margin limits and should appear on the page where its reference is made or on the
page following the page in case it is not possible to place it on the same page.
 Table and figures on half or less in length should necessarily appear on the same page
along with the text. However, they should be separated from the text both above and
below by double spacing.
 All tables and figures should be prepared on the same paper or material used for the
preparation of the rest of the report.
 Captions of table/figures may use characters, numerals or symbols in the title mode.
 Two or more small tables or figures may be grouped if necessary on a single page.
 Wherever possible, the entire colour photographs(s) may be reproduced on a full sheet

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 of photographic paper. More than one photograph can be included on a page.
 Samples of fabric, leather, etc., if absolutely necessary may be attached evenly in a
page and fixed/ pasted suitably and should be treated as figures.

3.11 Listing of References in the REFERENCE section

The listing of references should be typed in alphabetical order of the first author’s name
in single spacing starting 4 spaces below the heading REFERENCES in Times New
Roman with font size 14 bold. The name/s of the authors/authors should be immediately
followed by the year and other details. The references should be serially numbered,
separated by single space. The papers (in journal or proceedings) should be in sentence
mode followed by the name of journal (in italics), vol. issue, page (from-to) while the
book titles should be in title mode in italics followed by the place and publishers. E-
resources should have their proper URL. A typical illustrative list given relates to the
citation examples quoted above. For typing the references, Times New Roman with font
size 11 is recommended.

Jha, J.K. and Shanker, K., 2009. A single-vendor single-buyer production-inventory model with
controllable lead time and service level constraint for decaying items. International Journal of
Production Research, Vol. 47, Issue 24, pp. 6875–6898.

Chopra, S. and Meindl, P., 2003. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation.
New Jersey, Prentice Hall.

Kumar Neeraj and Shanker Kripa, 2000a, A theory of balancing mechanism for comparing the
effectiveness of imbalance measures in FMS loading, Proceedings of the Special International
Conference on Production Research (ICPR) 2000, Bangkok, August 2-4, 2000, pp 133-139.

Kumar Neeraj and Shanker Kripa, 2000b, Interaction among FMS loading objectives: a parabolic
relationship between workload balance and machine utilization, Proceedings of the Special
International Conference on Production Research (ICPR) 2000, Bangkok, August 2-4, 2000, pp
234-239.

Snyder, L.V., 2004. Lehigh University. [Online] (1.3) Available at:

http://www.lehigh.edu/~lvs2/download/vrpsolver.html [accessed 17 December 2008].

4. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS
4.1 General
 This section includes additional information for final typing of the report. Some
information given earlier under ‘Manuscript Preparation’ shall also be referred to.
 Certain symbols characters or markings not found in a standard word processor may
be hand written using Indian ink or a stylus pen (in case stencil sheets are used).
Corrections, interlineations and crossing out of letters or words is not permitted in any
of the copies of the report intended for submission. Erasures, if made, should be
neatly carried out in all copies.
 A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full lines below it or else
it should be carried over to the next page.
 The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.
 Single spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be
typed in font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 12.
 Single spacing should also be used for typing:
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  Long Tables
 Long quotations
 Foot notes
 References
 All quotations exceeding one line should be typed in an indented space - the
indentation being 15mm from either margin.

4.2 Chapters, Sections, Sub-sections, and Paragraphs

The format for typing Chapter headings, Section headings and sub-section headings are
explained through the following illustrative examples.

Chapter headings : CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Section : 1.1 OUTLINE OF REPORT
Sub-section heading : 1.1.2 Literature Review.

The word CHAPTER (no.) without punctuation should be centered 50mm down from
the top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed centrally in
upper case (capital letters) TITLE OF THE CHAPTER . The text should
commence 4 spaces below this title, the first letter of the text starting 20mm, inside from
the left hand margin.

The section or sub-section headings preceded by their numberings should be left-justified.

The typed material directly below section or sub-section headings should commence 2
spaces below it and should be offset 20mm from the left hand margin. The text can be
divided over paragraphs within a section or sub-section. Each paragraph should
commerce 2 spaces below the last line of the preceding paragraph, the first letter in the
paragraph being indented from the left hand margin by 20mm.

5. NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS
5.1 Page Numbering
The preliminary pages of the report (such as Title page, Acknowledgement, Table of
Contents etc.) should be numbered in lower case Roman numerals e.g. (i), (ii), (iii), ….
The Title page, however, will be treated numbered as (i) but this will not be typed. The
page immediately following the title page shall be numbered (ii) and it should appear at
the bottom center of the page, and so on. Pages of the main text, starting with Chapter 1
should be consecutively numbered using Arabic numerals e.g. 1, 2, … . All page numbers
(whether Roman or Arabic) should be typed without punctuation in the center of the page
20mm above from the bottom.

5.2 Numbering of Chapters, Sections and Sub-sections

The numbering of Chapters, sections and sub-sections should be done using Arabic
numerals only and further decimal notation should be used for numbering the sections and
sub-sections within a chapter. For examples sub-section 4 under section 3 of chapter 2
should be numbered as 2.3.4. The heading for a section or a sub-section should
immediately follow in the same line after the number with a single space in between.

5.3 Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and figures appearing anywhere in the report should, bear appropriate numbers.
The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated through an example. If a figure in
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 Chapter 3, happens to be the fourth then Fig. 3.4 is assigned to that figure. If a table is to
be continued into the next page, then a line should be drawn underneath an unfinished
table and the phrase continued on page no… placed on the right side and underlined
should be typed just below the line. The top line of the table continued on the next page
should, for example read Table 2.1 (continued) placed centrally and underlined.

While referring to a figure or table in the body of the report it should be referred to as Fig.
3.4, Table 2.1, Table II.6, and so on.
5.4 Numbering of Equations
Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be numbered serially, the
numbering commencing a fresh for each Chapter or Appendix. For example, the eighth
equation in Chapter 2, should be numbered as (2.8) thus:
2
Vc
fc = k
Vc + Vw +Va (2.8)

While referring to this equation in the body of the report it should be referred to as Eqn.
(2.8).

6. REPORT SUBMISSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 Final Submission

After the successful completion of viva voce examination.

(a) The final report should be printed on both sides on good quality white
paper not less than 80gsm and hard bound as per specifications given in
Annexure VI. The cover page should be printed as per specifications for
the title page (Annexure I) except that it will include month and year of
final submission.
(b) Colour Code : The cloth bound saffron background with impressions
embossed in permanent black.

(c) Number of copies: one copy for each student of group and One common
copy(one copy per group) for Department.

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 Annexure – I

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

A Project Report Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Electronics & Communication Engineering
by
NAME OF STUDENT
(ROLL No.)

NAME OF STUDENT
(ROLL No.)

NAME OF STUDENT
(ROLL No.)

NAME OF STUDENT
(ROLL No.)

Under the Supervision of

Dr/Mr./Ms NAME OF GUIDE
Designation

to the

DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

FEROZE GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

RAEBARELI
(Affiliated to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)

MAY, 2023

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 ANNEXURE II

CERTIFICATE

Certified that Name of student (Roll no…..) has carried out the research work
presented in this report entitled “Title of Project Report…………….” for the award of
Bachelor of Technology (print only that is applicable) from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Lucknow under my/our (print only that is applicable) supervision.
The project report embodies results of original work, and studies are carried out by the
student himself/herself (print only that is applicable) and the contents of the report do not
form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else from
this or any other University/Institution.

Signature Signature

(Name of HOD) (Name of Supervisor)

(Designation) (Designation)

(Address) (Address)

Date:

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 ANNEXURE III

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any
other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except
where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature:
Name:
Roll No:
Date:

Signature:
Name:
Roll No:
Date:

Signature:
Name:
Roll No:
Date:

Signature:
Name:
Roll No:
Date:

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 ANNEXURE IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project
undertaken during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Professor
Dr./Mr./Mrs/Ms. ……………(name of guide), Department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology ,
Raebareli for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His
sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for
us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Digvijay Singh
Chauhan, Head, Department Electronics & Communication Engineering, Feroze Gandhi
Institute of Engineering & Technology, Raebareli of for his full support and assistance
during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the
development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.

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 ANNEXURE V

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Certificate ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements vi
Dedication vii
List of Tables viii
List of Figures xv

CHAPTER 1 : INTRIDUCTION 1-68

1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 USE OF INDUSTRIAL EASTE IN CONCRETE-MAKING 2
1.3 GENERAL 5
1.2.1 Beneficiation Ceramic Waste 12
1.2.2 Test of Ceramic Waste Coarse Aggregate 19
1.2.2.1 General 25
1.2.2.2 Beneficiation ceramic waste 29
1.2.2.3 Test of ceramic waste coarse aggregate 33
1.3 SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY 45
1.4 CERAMIC INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS COARSE AGGREGATE 58

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 59-150

2.1 GENERAL 75
2.2 ALTERNATE AFFREGRATES 99
2.3 RECYCLING 100
…………………………

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 ANNEXURE V
Specimen of Final Binding -B.Tech

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