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Understanding Data Communications and Networks

The document provides an overview of data communications and networks, defining key terms such as data communication and network. It describes various types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN), transmission media (cable/wired and wireless), and communication directions (simplex, duplex, half duplex). Additionally, it explains bandwidth categories, including broadband, narrowband, and voiceband.

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suwayne.morrison
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10 views

Understanding Data Communications and Networks

The document provides an overview of data communications and networks, defining key terms such as data communication and network. It describes various types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN), transmission media (cable/wired and wireless), and communication directions (simplex, duplex, half duplex). Additionally, it explains bandwidth categories, including broadband, narrowband, and voiceband.

Uploaded by

suwayne.morrison
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information and Communications Technology

Understanding Data Communications and Networks

Definitions

Data Communication
Data communication refers to the transfer of data between devices. This can include sending information from one
computer to another, sharing files, or even streaming videos online. It is essential for enabling devices to
communicate and share information effectively.
Network
A network is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other. This can include computers,
printers, and servers that are linked together so they can share resources and information.

Types of Networks

1. Local Area Network (LAN)


- Definition: A LAN connects devices in a small area, such as a home, school, or office building.
- Example: The Wi-Fi network in your home that allows your devices to connect to the internet.

2. Wide Area Network (WAN)


- Definition: A WAN covers a large geographical area, often connecting multiple LANs.
- Example: The internet itself is the largest WAN, connecting millions of networks around the world.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


- Definition: A MAN connects networks within a city or a large campus.
- Example: A university campus network that connects all the buildings within the campus.

Types of Transmission Media

Cable/Wired Media

1. Coaxial Cable
- Description: A type of copper cable that is thickly insulated. It is commonly used for cable television and internet
connections.
- Example: The cable that connects your TV to the cable service.

2. Fiber-Optic Cable
- Description: Uses light to transmit data and is known for its high speed and large bandwidth.
- Example: Fiber-optic internet connections that provide faster internet service.

3. Twisted Pair Cable


- Description: Consists of pairs of wires twisted together. It is commonly used in telephone lines and Ethernet
connections.
- Example: The cables used to connect computers to a network in an office.

Wireless Media

1. Satellite
- Description: Uses satellites to transmit data over long distances and can cover large areas.
- Example: Satellite internet services that provide internet access in remote locations.

2. Microwave
- Description: Uses microwave signals for communication, often used for point-to-point connections.
- Example: Microwave towers that transmit signals between two locations.

3. Infra-red
- Description: Uses infrared light for short-range communication, typically requiring a direct line of sight
Information and Communications Technology

Example: Remote controls for TVs that use infrared signals.

Wireless Network Technologies

1. Bluetooth
- Description: A technology for short-range wireless communication between devices.
- Example: Connecting your phone to wireless headphones.

2. Wi-Fi
- Description: Allows devices to connect to the internet wirelessly.
- Example: The wireless network in your home that allows your laptop to access the internet.

3. Hotspot
- Description: A physical location where people can access the internet wirelessly.
- Example: A coffee shop that offers free Wi-Fi for customers.

4. Modem
- Description: A device that modulates and demodulates signals for internet access.
- Example: The box that connects your home network to your internet service provider.
Direction of Communication
1. Simplex
- Description: Communication that goes in one direction only.
- Example: A television broadcast where the signal is sent from the station to the viewer.

2. Duplex
- Description: Communication that can go in both directions.
- Example: A phone call where both parties can talk and listen at the same time.

3. Half Duplex
- Description: Communication that can go in both directions, but not at the same time.
- Example: A walkie-talkie where one person speaks while the other listens.

4. Point-to-Point
- Description: A direct connection between two devices.
- Example: A direct cable connection between two computers.

5. Broadcast
- Description: Sending data to multiple devices at the same time.
- Example: A radio station broadcasting music to all listeners.

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of time.

1. Broadband
- Description: High-speed internet that allows for fast data transmission.
- Example: Cable or fiber-optic internet that supports streaming and gaming.

2. Narrowband
- Description: Slower internet connection, typically used for basic communications.
- Example: Dial-up internet service that connects through a phone line.

3. Voiceband
- Description: A range of frequencies used for voice communication.
- Example: The frequencies used for traditional telephone calls.
Information and Communications Technology

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