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Lecture 35

The document discusses GLONASS and Galileo satellite navigation systems. [1] GLONASS is Russia's global navigation system, first launched in 1982 as an alternative to the US GPS system. [2] It has launched 81 satellites total to date and uses a constellation of 24 satellites in 3 orbital planes. [3] Galileo is the European Union's satellite navigation system developed in collaboration with the European Space Agency, aiming to achieve high precision positioning.

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14 views

Lecture 35

The document discusses GLONASS and Galileo satellite navigation systems. [1] GLONASS is Russia's global navigation system, first launched in 1982 as an alternative to the US GPS system. [2] It has launched 81 satellites total to date and uses a constellation of 24 satellites in 3 orbital planes. [3] Galileo is the European Union's satellite navigation system developed in collaboration with the European Space Agency, aiming to achieve high precision positioning.

Uploaded by

Ridham
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-3

7.3 Introduction to GLONASS and GALILEO system

GLONASS

GLONASS refers to Global Navigation System operated for Russian government. So, it is also termed as
in Russia i.e. Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema. It creates an alternative to GPS which
is operated for U.S government. GLONASS have the benefits of global or wide coverage and same
accuracy or precision. The beginning of development of GLONASS has started in the Soviet Union in
1976 by launching 43 GLONASS satellites. After that in 1982, satellites with aided functionality have
been launched by number of rockets to form constellation. In 2000’s, on the basis of government priority,
restoration of the system has been increased. It is most expensive program as seen in third budget of
Russia in 2010. GLONASS proves very beneficial for Russia’s territory by 2010. In 2011, restoration of
system is improved to enabling full global coverage. Many upgrades of GLONASS have been launched
i.e. GLONASS-K.

Following features are:

 Developed by Soviet Union, first launch: 1982.


 Declined under Russia, but now revived.
 Have launched 81 satellites so far Constellation.
 24 satellites in 3 orbital planes, 64.8o inclination.
 19,100 km altitude, 11 1⁄4 hour period Signals.
 3 allocated bands: G1 (1602 MHz), G2: (1245 MHz), G3 (1202 MHz).
 C/A-like code: 511 chips, 1 ms code period, 50 bps.
 All SVs use same PRN with frequency division multiple access (FDMA) using 16 frequency
channels, reused for antipodal SVs.

Importance of GLONASS to INDIA

Network centric warfare is one component basically depend on the navigation system (GLONASS) for
precision while many variations and future weapons have been already developed. As earlier plans,
alternative for GLONASS is GPS operated for U.S. but GPS dependent device would not be strategically
correct. For that reason, India has to depend on autonomous choice in communications. India becomes a
partner for Galileo but now days; it is used for civilian purpose in Russia.

GLONASS Architecture

The GLONASS architecture has been shown in figure 7.1.


Figure 7.1: GLONASS
G Arcchitecture

GLONAS
SS Orbit

 Following Orb
bit Constellatiion are used in
n GLONASS
S:-

o Total 24
2 satellites divided
d in 3 orrbital planes cconsisting off 8 satellites eaach.
o 120° orbit
o shift alon
ng the equator.

 Different
D meters of orbit are:-
param

o Circular
o 19100 km height
o 64.8° inclination
i
o 11 h 15 min revoluttion time

SS-M spacecraft
GLONAS

 Main
M specificaations are giveen below:-

o 580 W Power consu umption.


o 0-13.
Clock stability 1x10
o 0.5 deg
g accuracy fo
or attitude con
ntrol.
o Mass 250
2 kg.
o Solar panel
p g accuracy 2 deg.
pointing
o Frequeency band.
o L1, 16
600 MHz.

The GLO ONASS development cyclees as well as the characteeristics of varrious satellitee constellationns are
given in taable 7.1.

Table 7.1: GL
LONASS Development cycle and characteriistics of variouus satellite consstellations

Specificcations GLONASS GLON


NASS-M G
GLONASS-K
K1 GLONNASS-K2
Commenccement 1982 20
003 2011 22014
Year
Design life 3 years 7 years 10 years 10 years
Unpressurized No No Yes Yes
Clock stability 5 x 10-13 1 x 10-13 5 x 10-14 1 x 10-14
Signals L1SF, L2SF, GLONASS + GLONASS-M + GLONASS-M +
L1OF, (FDMA) L2OF (FDMA) L3OC (CDMA) L1OC, L3OC,
LISC, L2SC
(CDMA)
Total Launched 81 39 SAR SAR
Satellites

Galileo

Galileo is a €20 billion project developed by collaboration of European Union and European Space
Agency (ESA). Apart from Russian GLONASS, US GPS, high precision has been achieved in this
positioning system.

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